The Meaning of Revelation 22:16 Explained

Revelation 22:16

KJV: I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright and morning star.

YLT: 'I, Jesus did send my messenger to testify to you these things concerning the assemblies; I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright and morning star!

Darby: I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify these things to you in the assemblies. I am the root and offspring of David, the bright and morning star.

ASV: I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things for the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright, the morning star.

Discover Revelation 22:16

CONTEXT: What is the Context of Revelation 22:16?

MEANING: What does Revelation 22:16 Mean?

WORDS: What do the individual words in Revelation 22:16 mean?

RELATIONS: What do the major concepts mean in Revelation 22:16?

KJV Reverse Interlinear

I  Jesus  have sent  mine  angel  to testify  unto you  these things  in  the churches.  I  am  the root  and  the offspring  of David,  [and] the bright  and  morning  star. 

What does Revelation 22:16 Mean?

Verse Meaning

The combination "I Jesus" occurs nowhere else in the New Testament. Here Jesus used it to stress His role in producing this book and so to strengthen its authority (cf. Revelation 22:7; Revelation 22:12). "My angel" is the main angel who revealed this material to John (cf. Revelation 22:6). The angel gave the whole revelation ("these things") to John , but it was ultimately for all the churches, not just the seven churches of Asia Minor (cf. Revelation 1:4; chs2-3).
David founded old Jerusalem, but David"s greatest son will establish the New Jerusalem. However, Jesus was the ancestor of David as well as His descendant, the root as well as the offspring of David (cf. Isaiah 11:1). Consequently He fulfills all the prophecies concerning David"s family. Jesus also called Himself the morning star prophesied to come the second time (cf. Revelation 2:28). The appearance of the morning star heralds the dawn of a new day. Similarly the Lord"s second coming will herald the dawn of a new day in history. He is the brightest of all personal stars, as the morning star is the brightest physical star in the sky. He is the star that would come forth from Jacob ( Numbers 24:17).
"The "root" is buried in the ground where no one can see it, but the "star" is in the heavens where everyone can see it." [1]

Context Summary

Revelation 22:10-21 - "come, Lord Jesus"
Still, four times repeated, implies the crystallization and permanence of character. The rewards mentioned here are for the faithful service of Christ's stewards, as in Matthew 25:21. For the fourth time, He who began the book and closes it, uses of Himself the divine monogram of Alpha and Omega, Revelation 1:8; Revelation 1:11; Revelation 21:6. In the Authorized Version the way to the tree of life was opened to those who kept the commandments, but it is very comforting to read in the Revised Version that this blessed privilege is for those "who wash their robes." Notice the combination of various titles in Christ: David's Lord and David's Son; the Morning Star and the Sun of Heaven's Day; the Coming One, for whose quick return the whole creation waits; and the Water of Life, of which whosoever will may drink. The appeal of Revelation 22:17 is to our Lord, asking Him to make haste to come, and it is answered in Revelation 22:20. But who shall tell whether that cry may not, sooner than we think, be answered by a spiritual transformation of the things seen and temporal, so that without a break, in the twinkling of an eye, the veil of matter may be rent, and the whole imminent glory of the unseen and eternal swim into view! Let us be on the alert [source]

Chapter Summary: Revelation 22

1  The river of the water of life
2  The tree of life
5  The light of the city of God is himself
7  Jesus Is Coming
9  The angel will not be worshipped
18  Nothing may be added to the word of God, nor taken away

Greek Commentary for Revelation 22:16

I Jesus [Εγω Ιησους]
The last and most solemn attestation to the book that from Jesus (the historic Jesus known to the churches), in harmony with Revelation 1:1. [source]
Have sent [επεμπσα]
First aorist active indicative of πεμπω — pempō used here in the same sense as αποστειλας — aposteilas in Revelation 1:1 as his personal messenger. It is the Jesus of history here speaking, who is also the Christ of theology and the Lamb of God.For the churches (επι ταις εκκλησιαις — epi tais ekklēsiais). For this use of επι — epi see Revelation 10:11; John 12:16. It is not just for the seven churches (Revelation 1:4), but for all the churches in the world then and now.I am the root and the offspring of David See Revelation 5:5 for “the root of David,” to which John now adds το γενος — to genos in the sense of “offspring” (Acts 17:28.), not of family or race (Acts 4:6; Acts 7:13). Cf. Matthew 22:42-45.The bright, the morning star (ο αστηρ ο λαμπρος ο πρωινος — ho astēr ho lampros ho prōinos). The Davidic King is called a star in Numbers 24:17; Luke 1:78. This “day-star” (πωσπορος — phōsphoros) is interpreted as Christ (2 Peter 1:19). In Revelation 2:28 the phrase “the morning star” occurs in Christ‘s words, which is here interpreted. Christ is the Light that was coming into the world (John 1:9; John 8:12). [source]
For the churches [επι ταις εκκλησιαις]
For this use of επι — epi see Revelation 10:11; John 12:16. It is not just for the seven churches (Revelation 1:4), but for all the churches in the world then and now. [source]
I am the root and the offspring of David [Εγω ειμι η ριζα και το γενος Δαυειδ]
See Revelation 5:5 for “the root of David,” to which John now adds το γενος — to genos in the sense of “offspring” (Acts 17:28.), not of family or race (Acts 4:6; Acts 7:13). Cf. Matthew 22:42-45.The bright, the morning star (ο αστηρ ο λαμπρος ο πρωινος — ho astēr ho lampros ho prōinos). The Davidic King is called a star in Numbers 24:17; Luke 1:78. This “day-star” (πωσπορος — phōsphoros) is interpreted as Christ (2 Peter 1:19). In Revelation 2:28 the phrase “the morning star” occurs in Christ‘s words, which is here interpreted. Christ is the Light that was coming into the world (John 1:9; John 8:12). [source]
The bright, the morning star [ο αστηρ ο λαμπρος ο πρωινος]
The Davidic King is called a star in Numbers 24:17; Luke 1:78. This “day-star” In Revelation 2:28 the phrase “the morning star” occurs in Christ‘s words, which is here interpreted. Christ is the Light that was coming into the world (John 1:9; John 8:12). [source]
The root []
Compare Isaiah 11:1, Isaiah 11:10. See on Nazarene, Matthew 2:23. [source]
The morning-star []
See on Revelation 2:28. [source]

Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Revelation 22:16

Luke 24:22 Early [ὀρθριναὶ]
Lit., early ones. Only here and Revelation 22:16. Compare ὄρθρος , dawn, Luke 24:1. [source]
John 12:16 Understood not [ουκ εγνωσαν]
Second aorist active indicative of γινωσκω — ginōskō Another comment by John concerning the failure of the disciples to know what was happening (cf. John 2:22; John 7:39). At the first Adverbial accusative, as in John 10:40; John 19:39. Was glorified First aorist passive indicative of δοχαζω — doxazō to glorify, used of his death already in John 7:39 and by Jesus himself of his death, resurrection, and ascension in John 12:23; John 13:31. Then remembered they First aorist passive indicative of μιμνησκω — mimnēskō It was easier to understand then and they had the Holy Spirit to help them (John 16:13-15). Were written of him Periphrastic past perfect passive of γραπω — graphō with neuter plural participle agreeing with ταυτα — tauta (these things) and singular verb, though the plural ησαν — ēsan could have been used. Note the threefold repetition of ταυτα — tauta in this verse, “clumsy” Bernard calls it, but making for clarity. The use of επ αυτωι — ep' autōi for “of him” rather than περι αυτου — peri autou is unusual, but occurs in Revelation 10:11; Revelation 22:16. They had done First aorist active indicative of ποιεω — poieō simply, “they did.” [source]
Romans 15:12 The root [η ριζα]
Rather here, as in Revelation 5:5; Revelation 22:16, the sprout from the root. From Isaiah 11:10. [source]
2 Peter 1:19 Made more sure [βεβαιοτερον]
Predicate accusative of the comparative adjective βεβαιος — bebaios (2 Peter 1:10). The Transfiguration scene confirmed the Messianic prophecies and made clear the deity of Jesus Christ as God‘s Beloved Son. Some with less likelihood take Peter to mean that the word of prophecy is a surer confirmation of Christ‘s deity than the Transfiguration.Whereunto (ωι — hōi). Dative of the relative referring to “the prophetic word made more sure.”That ye take heed Present active participle with νουν — noun (mind) understood, “holding your mind upon” with the dative Dative also after προσεχοντες — prosechontes of λυχνος — luchnos old word (Matthew 5:15).Shining Dative also present active participle of παινω — phainō to shine (John 1:5). So of the Baptist (John 5:35).In a dark place (εν αυχμηρωι τοπωι — en auchmērōi topōi). Old adjective, parched, squalid, dirty, dark, murky, here only in N.T., though in Aristotle and on tombstone for a boy.Until the day dawn First aorist active subjunctive of διαυγαζω — diaugazō with temporal conjunction εως ου — heōs hou usual construction for future time. Late compound verb διαυγαζω — diaugazō (Polybius, Plutarch, papyri) from δια — dia and αυγη — augē to shine through, here only in N.T.The day-star (πωσπορος — phōsphoros). Old compound adjective (πως — phōs light, περω — pherō to bring), light-bringing, light-bearer (Lucifer) applied to Venus as the morning star. Our word ποσπορυς — phosphorus is this word. In the lxx εωσπορος — heōsphoros occurs. Cf. Malachi 4:2; Luke 1:76-79; Revelation 22:16 for “dawn” applied to the Messiah.Arise First aorist active subjunctive of ανατελλω — anatellō (James 1:11; Matthew 5:45). [source]
2 Peter 1:19 That ye take heed [προσεχοντες]
Present active participle with νουν — noun (mind) understood, “holding your mind upon” with the dative Dative also after προσεχοντες — prosechontes of λυχνος — luchnos old word (Matthew 5:15).Shining Dative also present active participle of παινω — phainō to shine (John 1:5). So of the Baptist (John 5:35).In a dark place (εν αυχμηρωι τοπωι — en auchmērōi topōi). Old adjective, parched, squalid, dirty, dark, murky, here only in N.T., though in Aristotle and on tombstone for a boy.Until the day dawn First aorist active subjunctive of διαυγαζω — diaugazō with temporal conjunction εως ου — heōs hou usual construction for future time. Late compound verb διαυγαζω — diaugazō (Polybius, Plutarch, papyri) from δια — dia and αυγη — augē to shine through, here only in N.T.The day-star (πωσπορος — phōsphoros). Old compound adjective (πως — phōs light, περω — pherō to bring), light-bringing, light-bearer (Lucifer) applied to Venus as the morning star. Our word ποσπορυς — phosphorus is this word. In the lxx εωσπορος — heōsphoros occurs. Cf. Malachi 4:2; Luke 1:76-79; Revelation 22:16 for “dawn” applied to the Messiah.Arise First aorist active subjunctive of ανατελλω — anatellō (James 1:11; Matthew 5:45). [source]
2 Peter 1:19 Shining [παινοντι]
Dative also present active participle of παινω — phainō to shine (John 1:5). So of the Baptist (John 5:35).In a dark place (εν αυχμηρωι τοπωι — en auchmērōi topōi). Old adjective, parched, squalid, dirty, dark, murky, here only in N.T., though in Aristotle and on tombstone for a boy.Until the day dawn First aorist active subjunctive of διαυγαζω — diaugazō with temporal conjunction εως ου — heōs hou usual construction for future time. Late compound verb διαυγαζω — diaugazō (Polybius, Plutarch, papyri) from δια — dia and αυγη — augē to shine through, here only in N.T.The day-star (πωσπορος — phōsphoros). Old compound adjective (πως — phōs light, περω — pherō to bring), light-bringing, light-bearer (Lucifer) applied to Venus as the morning star. Our word ποσπορυς — phosphorus is this word. In the lxx εωσπορος — heōsphoros occurs. Cf. Malachi 4:2; Luke 1:76-79; Revelation 22:16 for “dawn” applied to the Messiah.Arise First aorist active subjunctive of ανατελλω — anatellō (James 1:11; Matthew 5:45). [source]
2 Peter 1:19 The day-star [πωσπορος]
Old compound adjective (πως — phōs light, περω — pherō to bring), light-bringing, light-bearer (Lucifer) applied to Venus as the morning star. Our word ποσπορυς — phosphorus is this word. In the lxx εωσπορος — heōsphoros occurs. Cf. Malachi 4:2; Luke 1:76-79; Revelation 22:16 for “dawn” applied to the Messiah. [source]
2 Peter 1:19 Until the day dawn [εως ου ημερα διαυγασηι]
First aorist active subjunctive of διαυγαζω — diaugazō with temporal conjunction εως ου — heōs hou usual construction for future time. Late compound verb διαυγαζω — diaugazō (Polybius, Plutarch, papyri) from δια — dia and αυγη — augē to shine through, here only in N.T.The day-star (πωσπορος — phōsphoros). Old compound adjective (πως — phōs light, περω — pherō to bring), light-bringing, light-bearer (Lucifer) applied to Venus as the morning star. Our word ποσπορυς — phosphorus is this word. In the lxx εωσπορος — heōsphoros occurs. Cf. Malachi 4:2; Luke 1:76-79; Revelation 22:16 for “dawn” applied to the Messiah.Arise First aorist active subjunctive of ανατελλω — anatellō (James 1:11; Matthew 5:45). [source]
Revelation 2:28 The morning-star [τὸν ἀστέρα τὸν πρωΐ́νόν]
The star, that of the morning. One of John's characteristic constructions. See on 1 John 4:9. The reference is, most probably, to Christ himself. See Revelation 22:16. He will give Himself. This interpretation falls in with the promise of power over the nations in Revelation 2:26. The star was the ancient emblem of sovereignty. See Numbers 24:17; Matthew 2:2. “It was the symbol of sovereignty on its brighter and benignant side, and was therefore the fitting and necessary complement of the dread attributes that had gone before. The king came not only to judge and punish, but also to illumine and cheer” (Plumptre). Compare 2 Peter 1:19. [source]
Revelation 15:6 White [λαυπρὸν]
Mostly applied in the New Testament to clothing, as Luke 23:11; Acts 10:30; James 2:2. Also to the water of life (Revelation 22:1), and the morning-star (Revelation 22:16). Rev., bright. [source]
Revelation 1:1 By his angel [δια του αγγελου αυτου]
Christ‘s angel as Christ is the subject of the verb εσημανεν — esēmanen as in Revelation 22:16 Christ sends his angel, though in Revelation 22:6 God sends.Unto his servant John (τωι δουλωι αυτου Ιωανει — tōi doulōi autou Iōanei). Dative case. John gives his name here, though not in Gospel or Epistles, because “prophecy requires the guarantee of the individual who is inspired to utter it” (Milligan). “The genesis of the Apocalypse has now been traced from its origin in the Mind of God to the moment when it reached its human interpreter” (Swete). “Jesus is the medium of all revelation” (Moffatt). [source]
Revelation 1:2 Bare witness [εμαρτυρησεν]
First aorist active indicative of μαρτυρεω — martureō which, along with μαρτυς — martus and μαρτυρια — marturia is common in all the Johannine books (cf. Revelation 22:18, Revelation 22:20), usually with περι — peri or οτι — hoti but with cognate accusative as here in Revelation 22:16, Revelation 22:20; 1 John 5:10. Epistolary aorist here, referring to this book. [source]
Revelation 1:1 Of Jesus Christ [Ιησου Χριστου]
Hort takes it as objective genitive (revelation about Jesus Christ), but Swete rightly argues for the subjective genitive because of the next clause.Gave him (εδωκεν αυτοι — edōken autoi). It is the Son who received the revelation from the Father, as is usual (John 5:20-23 f., John 5:26, etc.).To shew First aorist active infinitive of δεικνυμι — deiknumi purpose of God in giving the revelation to Christ.Unto his servants (τοις δουλοις αυτου — tois doulois autou). Believers in general and not just to officials. Dative case. God‘s servants (or Christ‘s).Must shortly come to pass Second aorist middle infinitive of γινομαι — ginomai with δει — dei See this same adjunct “Having sent” (first aorist active participle of αποστελλω — apostellō Matthew 10:16 and again in Revelation 22:6 of God sending his angel) “signified” (first aorist active indicative of σημαινω — sēmainō from σημα — sēma sign or token, for which see John 12:33; Acts 11:28). See Revelation 12:1 for σημειον — sēmeion though σημαινω — sēmainō (only here in the Apocalypse) suits admirably the symbolic character of the book.By his angel Christ‘s angel as Christ is the subject of the verb εσημανεν — esēmanen as in Revelation 22:16 Christ sends his angel, though in Revelation 22:6 God sends.Unto his servant John (τωι δουλωι αυτου Ιωανει — tōi doulōi autou Iōanei). Dative case. John gives his name here, though not in Gospel or Epistles, because “prophecy requires the guarantee of the individual who is inspired to utter it” (Milligan). “The genesis of the Apocalypse has now been traced from its origin in the Mind of God to the moment when it reached its human interpreter” (Swete). “Jesus is the medium of all revelation” (Moffatt). [source]
Revelation 1:1 To shew [δειχαι]
First aorist active infinitive of δεικνυμι — deiknumi purpose of God in giving the revelation to Christ.Unto his servants (τοις δουλοις αυτου — tois doulois autou). Believers in general and not just to officials. Dative case. God‘s servants (or Christ‘s).Must shortly come to pass Second aorist middle infinitive of γινομαι — ginomai with δει — dei See this same adjunct “Having sent” (first aorist active participle of αποστελλω — apostellō Matthew 10:16 and again in Revelation 22:6 of God sending his angel) “signified” (first aorist active indicative of σημαινω — sēmainō from σημα — sēma sign or token, for which see John 12:33; Acts 11:28). See Revelation 12:1 for σημειον — sēmeion though σημαινω — sēmainō (only here in the Apocalypse) suits admirably the symbolic character of the book.By his angel Christ‘s angel as Christ is the subject of the verb εσημανεν — esēmanen as in Revelation 22:16 Christ sends his angel, though in Revelation 22:6 God sends.Unto his servant John (τωι δουλωι αυτου Ιωανει — tōi doulōi autou Iōanei). Dative case. John gives his name here, though not in Gospel or Epistles, because “prophecy requires the guarantee of the individual who is inspired to utter it” (Milligan). “The genesis of the Apocalypse has now been traced from its origin in the Mind of God to the moment when it reached its human interpreter” (Swete). “Jesus is the medium of all revelation” (Moffatt). [source]
Revelation 1:5 Who is the faithful witness [ο μαρτυς ο πιστος]
“The witness the faithful,” nominative in apposition like πρωτοτοκος — prōtotokos and αρχων — archōn with the preceding ablative Ιησου Χριστου — Iēsou Christou with απο — apo a habit of John in this book (apparently on purpose) as in Revelation 2:13, Revelation 2:20; Revelation 3:12, etc. See this same phrase in Revelation 2:13; Revelation 3:14. The use of μαρτυς — martus of Jesus here is probably to the witness (Revelation 1:1) in this book (Revelation 22:16.), not to the witness of Jesus before Pilate (1 Timothy 6:13). [source]
Revelation 2:28 The morning star [τον αστερα τον πρωινον]
“The star the morning one.” In Revelation 22:16 Christ is the bright morning star. The victor will have Christ himself. [source]
Revelation 22:1 Bright as crystal [λαμπρον ως κρυσταλλον]
See Revelation 4:6 for κρυσταλλον — krustallon and Revelation 15:6; Revelation 19:8; Revelation 22:16 for λαμπρον — lampron “Sparkling like rock crystal” (Swete), shimmering like mountain water over the rocks. [source]
Revelation 22:7 And behold, I come quickly [και ιδου ερχομαι ταχυ]
Christ is the speaker, either through this angel or more probably directly from Christ without introduction as in Revelation 22:12, Revelation 22:16. About Christ coming quickly see Revelation 2:5, Revelation 2:16; Revelation 3:11; Revelation 16:15, and already in Revelation 1:2. Once more we must recall that ταχυ — tachu and εν ταχει — en tachei are according to God‘s time, not ours (2 Peter 3:8). [source]
Revelation 1:1 Must shortly come to pass [δει γενεσται εν ταχει]
Second aorist middle infinitive of γινομαι — ginomai with δει — dei See this same adjunct “Having sent” (first aorist active participle of αποστελλω — apostellō Matthew 10:16 and again in Revelation 22:6 of God sending his angel) “signified” (first aorist active indicative of σημαινω — sēmainō from σημα — sēma sign or token, for which see John 12:33; Acts 11:28). See Revelation 12:1 for σημειον — sēmeion though σημαινω — sēmainō (only here in the Apocalypse) suits admirably the symbolic character of the book.By his angel Christ‘s angel as Christ is the subject of the verb εσημανεν — esēmanen as in Revelation 22:16 Christ sends his angel, though in Revelation 22:6 God sends.Unto his servant John (τωι δουλωι αυτου Ιωανει — tōi doulōi autou Iōanei). Dative case. John gives his name here, though not in Gospel or Epistles, because “prophecy requires the guarantee of the individual who is inspired to utter it” (Milligan). “The genesis of the Apocalypse has now been traced from its origin in the Mind of God to the moment when it reached its human interpreter” (Swete). “Jesus is the medium of all revelation” (Moffatt). [source]
Revelation 22:1 A river of water of life [ποταμον υδατος ζωης]
For υδωρ ζωης — hudōr zōēs (water of life) see Revelation 7:17; Revelation 21:6; Revelation 22:17; John 4:14. There was a river in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 2:10). The metaphor of river reappears in Zechariah 14:8; Ezekiel 47:9, and the fountain of life in Joel 3:18; Jeremiah 2:13; Proverbs 10:11; Proverbs 13:14; Proverbs 14:27; Proverbs 16:22; Psalm 36:10.Bright as crystal (λαμπρον ως κρυσταλλον — lampron hōs krustallon). See Revelation 4:6 for κρυσταλλον — krustallon and Revelation 15:6; Revelation 19:8; Revelation 22:16 for λαμπρον — lampron “Sparkling like rock crystal” (Swete), shimmering like mountain water over the rocks.Proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb Cf. Ezekiel 47:1; Zechariah 14:8. Already in Revelation 3:21 Christ is pictured as sharing the Father‘s throne as in Hebrews 1:3. See also Revelation 22:3. This phrase has no bearing on the doctrine of the Procession of the Holy Spirit. [source]
Revelation 3:7 The holy, he that is true [ο αγιοσ ο αλητινος]
Separate articles (four in all) for each item in this description. “The holy, the genuine.” Asyndeton in the Greek. Latin Vulgate, Sanctus et Verus. αγιος — Hosea hagios is ascribed to God in Revelation 4:8; Revelation 6:10 (both αλητινος — hagios and αλητινος — alēthinos as here), but to Christ in Mark 1:24; Luke 4:34; John 6:69; Acts 4:27, Acts 4:30; 1 John 2:20, a recognized title of the Messiah as the consecrated one set apart. Swete notes that αλητης — alēthinos is verus as distinguished from verax So it is applied to God in Revelation 6:10 and to Christ in Revelation 3:14; Revelation 19:11 as in John 1:9; John 6:32; John 15:1.He that hath the key of David (και ουδεις κλεισει — ho echōn tēn klein Daueid). This epithet comes from Isaiah 22:22, where Eliakim as the chief steward of the royal household holds the keys of power. Christ as the Messiah (Revelation 5:5; Revelation 22:16) has exclusive power in heaven, on earth, and in Hades (Matthew 16:19; Matthew 28:18; Romans 14:9; Philemon 2:9.; Revelation 1:18). Christ has power to admit and exclude of his own will (Matthew 25:10.; Ephesians 1:22; Revelation 3:21; Revelation 19:11-16; Revelation 20:4; Revelation 22:16).And none shall shut Charles calls the structure Hebrew (future active indicative of ο ανοιγων — kleiō), and not Greek because it does not correspond to the present articular participle just before και ουδεις ανοιγει — ho anoigōn (the one opening), but it occurs often in this book as in the very next clause, “and none openeth” (κλειων — kai oudeis anoigei) over against κλειει — kleiōn (present active participle, opening) though here some MSS. read kleiei (present active indicative, open). [source]
Revelation 3:7 He that hath the key of David [και ουδεις κλεισει]
This epithet comes from Isaiah 22:22, where Eliakim as the chief steward of the royal household holds the keys of power. Christ as the Messiah (Revelation 5:5; Revelation 22:16) has exclusive power in heaven, on earth, and in Hades (Matthew 16:19; Matthew 28:18; Romans 14:9; Philemon 2:9.; Revelation 1:18). Christ has power to admit and exclude of his own will (Matthew 25:10.; Ephesians 1:22; Revelation 3:21; Revelation 19:11-16; Revelation 20:4; Revelation 22:16). [source]

What do the individual words in Revelation 22:16 mean?

I Jesus have sent the angel of Me to testify to you these things in the churches I am the root and the offspring of David the star - bright morning
Ἐγὼ Ἰησοῦς ἔπεμψα τὸν ἄγγελόν μου μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμῖν ταῦτα ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ῥίζα καὶ τὸ γένος Δαυίδ ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρός πρωϊνός

Ἰησοῦς  Jesus 
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular
Root: Ἰησοῦς  
Sense: Joshua was the famous captain of the Israelites, Moses’ successor.
ἔπεμψα  have  sent 
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 1st Person Singular
Root: πέμπω  
Sense: to send.
ἄγγελόν  angel 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular
Root: ἄγγελος  
Sense: a messenger, envoy, one who is sent, an angel, a messenger from God.
μου  of  Me 
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive 1st Person Singular
Root: ἐγώ  
Sense: I, me, my.
μαρτυρῆσαι  to  testify 
Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active
Root: μαρτυρέω  
Sense: to be a witness, to bear witness, i.e. to affirm that one has seen or heard or experienced something, or that he knows it because taught by divine revelation or inspiration.
ὑμῖν  to  you 
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Dative 2nd Person Plural
Root: σύ  
Sense: you.
ταῦτα  these  things 
Parse: Demonstrative Pronoun, Accusative Neuter Plural
Root: οὗτος  
Sense: this.
ἐκκλησίαις  churches 
Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Plural
Root: ἐκκλησία  
Sense: a gathering of citizens called out from their homes into some public place, an assembly.
ῥίζα  root 
Parse: Noun, Nominative Feminine Singular
Root: ῥίζα  
Sense: a root.
γένος  offspring 
Parse: Noun, Nominative Neuter Singular
Root: γένος  
Sense: race.
Δαυίδ  of  David 
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular
Root: Δαβίδ 
Sense: second king of Israel, and ancestor of Jesus Christ.
ἀστὴρ  star 
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular
Root: ἀστήρ  
Sense: a star.
ὁ  - 
Parse: Article, Nominative Masculine Singular
Root: ὁ  
Sense: this, that, these, etc.
λαμπρός  bright 
Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular
Root: λαμπρός  
Sense: shining.
πρωϊνός  morning 
Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular
Root: προϊνός 
Sense: pertaining to the morning.

What are the major concepts related to Revelation 22:16?

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