The Meaning of Micah 5:2 Explained

Micah 5:2

KJV: But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall he come forth unto me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting.

YLT: And thou, Beth-Lehem Ephratah, Little to be among the chiefs of Judah! From thee to Me he cometh forth -- to be ruler in Israel, And his comings forth are of old, From the days of antiquity.

Darby: (And thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall he come forth unto me who is to be Ruler in Israel: whose goings forth are from of old, from the days of eternity.)

ASV: But thou, Beth-lehem Ephrathah, which art little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall one come forth unto me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth are from of old, from everlasting.

KJV Reverse Interlinear

But thou, Bethlehem  Ephratah,  [though] thou be little  among the thousands  of Judah,  [yet] out of thee shall he come forth  unto me [that is] to be ruler  in Israel;  whose goings forth  [have been] from of old,  from everlasting. 

What does Micah 5:2 Mean?

Study Notes

everlasting
Cf. Isaiah 7:13 ; Isaiah 7:14 ; Isaiah 9:6 ; Isaiah 9:7 . The "child" was born in Bethlehem, but the "Son" was "from everlasting."

Verse Meaning

In contrast to the humiliation of Israel"s judge (king) Zedekiah, a greater ruler would emerge later in Israel"s history (cf. Micah 4:7). He would be Yahweh"s representative (cf. John 17:4; Hebrews 10:7) and would arise from the comparatively insignificant town of Bethlehem (House of Bread) Ephrathah (Fruitful). Ephrathah (Ephrath) was an old name for the district in which Bethlehem of Judah lay, in contrast to other Bethlehems in the Promised Land (cf. Genesis 35:16-19; Genesis 48:7; Joshua 19:15; Ruth 4:11). Bethlehem was, of course, the hometown of David ( 1 Samuel 16:1; 1 Samuel 16:18-19; 1 Samuel 17:12), so the reference to it allows for the possibility of a familial connection with King David. As David had been the least notable of his brothers, so Bethlehem was the least honorable among the towns in Judah. The most insignificant place would bring forth the most significant person. This ruler must be divine since He had been conducting activities on Yahweh"s behalf from long ago, even eternity past (lit. days of immeasurable time; cf. Isaiah 9:6; John 1:1; Philippians 2:6; Colossians 1:17; Revelation 1:8). The New Testament identifies this Ruler as the Messiah, Jesus Christ ( Matthew 2:1; Matthew 2:3-6), though some of the Jews in Jesus" day did not know that Bethlehem was His birthplace ( John 7:42).
This messianic prophecy not only gives the birthplace of Messiah, and thus assures His humanity, but it also asserts His deity. No mere human could be said to have been carrying out the will of Yahweh eternally.

Context Summary

Micah 5:1-15 - The Deliverer From Bethlehem
This name for Bethlehem recalls Genesis 48:7. Though insignificant in size she would outshine her compeers, because of Messiah's birth, Matthew 2:6. As man, our Lord comes from David's city; but as Son of God, His goings forth are from eternity. Though the Jewish flock rejected Him, He is the Shepherd of men. He is great to the ends of the earth, and has made peace by the blood of His Cross. What though the Assyrian, whether ancient or modern, threaten us, shepherds and princes shall be raised up as delivers, Micah 5:5. The ranks of the democracy hold within themselves unbounded stores of leadership. God's people refresh the world like dew, and are lionlike in strength and courage, Micah 5:8. Horses, chariots, and walled cities, are classed with witchcrafts, etc., because they weaned away the trust of God's people. "Thou shalt no more worship the work of thy hands." [source]

Chapter Summary: Micah 5

1  The birth of Christ
4  His kingdom
8  His conquest

What do the individual words in Micah 5:2 mean?

But you in Bethlehem Ephrathah little [Though] you are among the thousands of Judah [Yet] out of you to Me shall come forth the one to be Ruler in Israel and Whose goings forth [are] from of old from everlasting
וְאַתָּ֞ה בֵּֽית־ לֶ֣חֶם אֶפְרָ֗תָה צָעִיר֙ לִֽהְיוֹת֙ בְּאַלְפֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה מִמְּךָ֙ לִ֣י יֵצֵ֔א לִֽהְי֥וֹת מוֹשֵׁ֖ל בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּמוֹצָאֹתָ֥יו מִקֶּ֖דֶם מִימֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם

וְאַתָּ֞ה  But  you 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Pronoun, second person masculine singular
Root: אַתְּ 
Sense: you (second pers.
לֶ֣חֶם  Bethlehem 
Parse: Proper Noun, feminine singular
Root: בֵּית לֶחֶם  
Sense: a city in Judah, birthplace of David.
אֶפְרָ֗תָה  Ephrathah 
Parse: Proper Noun, feminine singular
Root: אֶפְרָת 
Sense: a place near Bethel where Rachel died and was buried.
צָעִיר֙  little 
Parse: Adjective, masculine singular
Root: צָעִיר  
Sense: little, insignificant, young.
לִֽהְיוֹת֙  [Though]  you  are 
Parse: Preposition-l, Verb, Qal, Infinitive construct
Root: אֶהְיֶה 
Sense: to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out.
בְּאַלְפֵ֣י  among  the  thousands 
Parse: Preposition-b, Number, masculine plural construct
Root: אֶלֶף 
Sense: a thousand.
יְהוּדָ֔ה  of  Judah 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: יְהוּדָה  
Sense: the son of Jacob by Leah.
מִמְּךָ֙  [Yet]  out  of  you 
Parse: Preposition, second person masculine singular
Root: מִן 
Sense: from, out of, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not, more than.
לִ֣י  to  Me 
Parse: Preposition, first person common singular
יֵצֵ֔א  shall  come  forth 
Parse: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, third person masculine singular
Root: יׄוצֵאת 
Sense: to go out, come out, exit, go forth.
לִֽהְי֥וֹת  the  one  to  be 
Parse: Preposition-l, Verb, Qal, Infinitive construct
Root: אֶהְיֶה 
Sense: to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out.
מוֹשֵׁ֖ל  Ruler 
Parse: Verb, Qal, Participle, masculine singular
Root: מָשַׁל  
Sense: to rule, have dominion, reign.
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל  in  Israel 
Parse: Preposition-b, Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: יִשְׂרָאֵל  
Sense: the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel.
וּמוֹצָאֹתָ֥יו  and  Whose  goings  forth  [are] 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Noun, feminine plural construct, third person masculine singular
Root: מֹוצָאָה  
Sense: origin, place of going out from.
מִקֶּ֖דֶם  from  of  old 
Parse: Preposition-m, Noun, masculine singular
Root: קֶדֶם 
Sense: east, antiquity, front, that which is before, aforetime.
עוֹלָֽם  everlasting 
Parse: Noun, masculine singular
Root: עֹולָם  
Sense: long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world.