KJV: And because the haven was not commodious to winter in, the more part advised to depart thence also, if by any means they might attain to Phenice, and there to winter; which is an haven of Crete, and lieth toward the south west and north west.
YLT: and the haven being incommodious to winter in, the more part gave counsel to sail thence also, if by any means they might be able, having attained to Phenice, there to winter, which is a haven of Crete, looking to the south-west and north-west,
Darby: And the harbour being ill adapted to winter in, the most counselled to set sail thence, if perhaps they might reach Phoenice to winter in, a port of Crete looking north-east and south-east.
ASV: And because the haven was not commodious to winter in, the more part advised to put to sea from thence, if by any means they could reach Phoenix, and winter there; which is a haven of Crete, looking northeast and south-east.
| ἀνευθέτου | Unsuitable |
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Parse: Adjective, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ἀνεύθετος Sense: not convenient, not commodious, not fit. |
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| δὲ | now |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: δέ Sense: but, moreover, and, etc. |
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| λιμένος | harbor |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: λιμήν Sense: a harbour, haven. |
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| ὑπάρχοντος | being |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὑπάρχω Sense: to begin below, to make a beginning. |
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| παραχειμασίαν | winter in |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: παραχειμασία Sense: a passing the winter, wintering. |
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| πλείονες | majority |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Plural, Comparative Root: πολύς Sense: greater in quantity. |
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| ἔθεντο | reached |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Middle, 3rd Person Plural Root: τίθημι Sense: to set, put, place. |
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| βουλὴν | a decision |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: βουλή Sense: counsel, purpose. |
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| ἀναχθῆναι | to set sail |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Passive Root: ἀνάγω Sense: to lead up, to lead or bring into a higher place. |
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| ἐκεῖθεν | from there |
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Parse: Adverb Root: ἐκεῖθεν Sense: thence, from that place. |
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| πως | somehow |
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Parse: Adverb Root: πῶς Sense: how, in what way. |
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| δύναιντο | they might be able |
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Parse: Verb, Present Optative Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Plural Root: δύναμαι Sense: to be able, have power whether by virtue of one’s own ability and resources, or of a state of mind, or through favourable circumstances, or by permission of law or custom. |
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| καταντήσαντες | having arrived |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: καταντάω Sense: to come to, arrive. |
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| εἰς | at |
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Parse: Preposition Root: εἰς Sense: into, unto, to, towards, for, among. |
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| Φοίνικα | Phoenix |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: Φοῖνιξ2 Sense: the name of a haven in Crete on the south coast. |
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| παραχειμάσαι | to winter [there] |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active Root: παραχειμάζω Sense: to winter, pass the winter, with one or at a place. |
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| λιμένα | a harbor |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: λιμήν Sense: a harbour, haven. |
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| τῆς | - |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| Κρήτης | of Crete |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: Κρήτη Sense: the largest and most fertile island of the Mediterranean archipelago or Aegean Sea, now the modern Candia. |
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| βλέποντα | looking |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: βλέπω Sense: to see, discern, of the bodily eye. |
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| κατὰ | toward |
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Parse: Preposition Root: κατά Sense: down from, through out. |
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| λίβα | [the] southwest |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: λίψ Sense: the south west wind. |
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| χῶρον | [the] northwest |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: χῶρος Sense: the northwest wind. |
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Greek Commentary for Acts 27:12
Genitive absolute again present tense of υπαρχω huparchō “The harbour being unfit (ανευτετου aneuthetou this compound not yet found elsewhere, simplex in Luke 9:62; Luke 14:35; Hebrews 6:7) for wintering” (παραχειμασια paracheimasia only here in N.T., but in Polybius and Diodorus, in an inscription a.d. 48, from παραχειμαζω paracheimazō). [source]
Second aorist middle indicative of τιτημι tithēmi ancient idiom with βουλην boulēn to take counsel, give counsel. Lysias held a council of the officers of the ship on the issue raised by Paul. If by any means they could reach Phoenix and winter there (ει πως δυναιντο καταντησαντες εις Ποινικα παραχειμασαι ei pōs dunainto katantēsantes eis Phoinika paracheimasai). The optative δυναιντο dunainto (present middle of δυναμαι dunamai) here with ει ei is a condition of the fourth class with the notion of purpose implied and indirect discourse (Robertson, Grammar, p. 1021). “We vote for going on the chance that we may be able” (Page). Phoenix is the town of palms (John 12:13), the modern Lutro, the only town in Crete on the southern coast with a harbour fit for wintering, though Wordsworth and Page argue for Phineka which suits Luke‘s description better. The verb παραχειμαζω paracheimazō to winter, is from παρα para and χειμων cheimōn (see also Acts 28:11). Used in several Koiné{[28928]}š writers. Looking northeast and southeast There are two ways of interpreting this language. Λιπς Lips means the southwest wind and χωρος chōros the northwest wind. But what is the effect of κατα kata with these words? Does it mean “facing” the wind? If so, we must read “looking southwest and northwest.” But κατα kata can mean down the line of the wind (the way the wind is blowing). If so, then it is proper to translate “looking northeast and southeast.” This translation suits Lutro, the other suits Phoenike. Ramsay takes it to be Lutro, and suggests that sailors describe the harbour by the way it looks as they go into it (the subjectivity of the sailors) and that Luke so speaks and means Lutro which faces northeast and southeast. On the whole Lutro has the best of the argument. [source]
The optative δυναιντο dunainto (present middle of δυναμαι dunamai) here with ει ei is a condition of the fourth class with the notion of purpose implied and indirect discourse (Robertson, Grammar, p. 1021). “We vote for going on the chance that we may be able” (Page). Phoenix is the town of palms (John 12:13), the modern Lutro, the only town in Crete on the southern coast with a harbour fit for wintering, though Wordsworth and Page argue for Phineka which suits Luke‘s description better. The verb παραχειμαζω paracheimazō to winter, is from παρα para and χειμων cheimōn (see also Acts 28:11). Used in several Koiné{[28928]}š writers. [source]
There are two ways of interpreting this language. Λιπς Lips means the southwest wind and χωρος chōros the northwest wind. But what is the effect of κατα kata with these words? Does it mean “facing” the wind? If so, we must read “looking southwest and northwest.” But κατα kata can mean down the line of the wind (the way the wind is blowing). If so, then it is proper to translate “looking northeast and southeast.” This translation suits Lutro, the other suits Phoenike. Ramsay takes it to be Lutro, and suggests that sailors describe the harbour by the way it looks as they go into it (the subjectivity of the sailors) and that Luke so speaks and means Lutro which faces northeast and southeast. On the whole Lutro has the best of the argument. [source]
Lit., not well situated. [source]
Instead of lieth, Rev., literally and correctly, renders looking. The difference between the Rev. and A. V., as to the points of the compass, turns on the rendering of the preposition κατά . The words southwest and northwest mean, literally, the southwest and northwest winds. According to the A. V., κατά means toward, and has reference to the quarterfrom which these winds blow. According to the Rev., κατά means down: “lookingdown the southwest and northwest winds,” i.e., in the direction toward which they blow, viz., northeast and southeast. This latter view assumes that Phenice and Lutro are the same, which is uncertain. For full discussion of the point, see Smith, “Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul;” Hackett, “Commentary on Acts;” Conybeare and Howson, “Life and Epistles of St. Paul.” [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Acts 27:12
First aorist passive indicative of αναγω anagō an old verb, to lead up, to put out to sea (looked at as going up from the land). This nautical sense of the verb occurs only in Luke in the N.T. and especially in the Acts (Acts 13:13; Acts 16:11; Acts 18:21; Acts 20:3, Acts 20:13; Acts 21:1, Acts 21:2; Acts 27:2, Acts 27:4, Acts 27:12, Acts 27:21; Acts 28:10.). [source]
Second aorist active indicative of λαμβανω lambanō The branches of the palm trees Ποινιχ Phoinix is an old word for palm tree (Revelation 7:9 for the branches) and in Acts 27:12 the name of a city. αιον Baion is apparently a word of Egyptian origin, palm branches, here only in N.T., but in the papyri and 1Macc 13:51. Here we have “the palm branches of the palm trees.” The use in 1Macc 13:51 (cf. 2Macc 10:7) is in the account of Simon‘s triumphal entry into Jerusalem. Bernard notes that to carry palms was a mark of triumphant homage to a victor or a king (Revelation 7:9). Palm trees grew on the Mount of Olives (Mark 11:8) on the road from Bethany to Jerusalem. The crowds (one in front and one behind, Mark 11:9; Matthew 21:9; John 2:18) cut the branches as they came (Matthew 21:8). To meet him Literally, for a meeting It was a scene of growing excitement. And cried out Imperfect active of κραυγαζω kraugazō old and rare verb (from κραυγη kraugē) as in Matthew 12:19; John 19:15. Hosannah Transliteration of the Hebrew word meaning “Save now.” The lxx renders it by Σωσον δη Sōson dē (Save now). Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord Perfect passive participle of ευλογεω eulogeō Quotation from Psalm 118:25., written, some think, for the dedication of the second temple, or, as others think, for the feast of tabernacles after the return (Ezra 3:1.). It was sung in the processional recitation then as a welcome to the worshippers. Here the words are addressed to the Messiah as is made plain by the addition of the words, “even the king of Israel” Jesus is here hailed by the multitudes as the long-looked for Messiah of Jewish hope and he allows them so to greet him (Luke 19:38-40), a thing that he prevented a year before in Galilee (John 6:14.). It is probable that “in the name of the Lord” should be taken with “blessed” as in Deuteronomy 21:5; 2 Samuel 6:18; 1 Kings 22:16; 2 Kings 2:24. The Messiah was recognized by Martha as the Coming One (John 11:27) and is so described by the Baptist (Matthew 11:3). Mark (Mark 11:10) adds “the kingdom that cometh” while Luke (John 19:38) has “the king that cometh.” “It was this public acclamation of Jesus as King of Israel or King of the Jews which was the foundation of the charge made against him before Pilate (John 18:33)” (Bernard). [source]
Old word from προτυμος prothumos Paul expounded the Scriptures daily as in Thessalonica, but the Beroeans, instead of resenting his new interpretation, examined (ει εχοι ταυτα ουτως anakrinō means to sift up and down, make careful and exact research as in legal processes as in Acts 4:9; Acts 12:19, etc.) the Scriptures for themselves. In Scotland people have the Bible open on the preacher as he expounds the passage, a fine habit worth imitating. Whether these things were so Literally, “if these things had it thus.” The present optative in the indirect question represents an original present indicative as in Luke 1:29 (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 1043f.). This use of ei with the optative may be looked at as the condition of the fourth class (undetermined with less likelihood of determination) as in Acts 17:27; Acts 20:16; Acts 24:19; Acts 27:12 (Robertson, Grammar, p. 1021). The Beroeans were eagerly interested in the new message of Paul and Silas but they wanted to see it for themselves. What a noble attitude. Paul‘s preaching made Bible students of them. The duty of private interpretation is thus made plain (Hovey). [source]
Literally, “if these things had it thus.” The present optative in the indirect question represents an original present indicative as in Luke 1:29 (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 1043f.). This use of ei with the optative may be looked at as the condition of the fourth class (undetermined with less likelihood of determination) as in Acts 17:27; Acts 20:16; Acts 24:19; Acts 27:12 (Robertson, Grammar, p. 1021). The Beroeans were eagerly interested in the new message of Paul and Silas but they wanted to see it for themselves. What a noble attitude. Paul‘s preaching made Bible students of them. The duty of private interpretation is thus made plain (Hovey). [source]
Perfect active participle of παραχειμαζω paracheimazō to pass the winter. Old verb, in N.T. only Acts 27:12; Acts 28:11; 1 Corinthians 16:6; Titus 3:12. The locative case agreeing with πλοιωι ploiōi Navigation in the Mediterranean usually opened up in February (always by March), spring beginning on Feb. 9 (Page). [source]
Old word from μεσος mesos and ημερα hēmera midday or noon as in Acts 22:16, the only other example in the N.T. That may be the idea here also, though “towards the South” gets support from the use of κατα λιβα kata liba in Acts 27:12. [source]
A condition of the first class in the form of an indirect question (aim) or elliptical condition like Acts 27:12 (Robertson, Grammar, p. 1024). Note the four particles together to express Paul‘s feelings of emotion that now at length somehow it may really come true. [source]
Either future active indicative or first aorist active subjunctive, see same uncertainty in Philemon 3:10 katantēsō but in Philemon 3:11 katalabō after ei is subjunctive. The future indicative is clear in Romans 1:10 and the optative in Acts 27:12. Doubtful whether future indicative or aorist subjunctive also in sōsō (save). [source]
Future active of late verb παραχειμαζω paracheimazō See note on Acts 27:12; note on Acts 28:11; and note on Titus 3:12. He did stay in Corinth for three months (Acts 20:3), probably the coming winter. Whithersoever I go (ου εαν πορευωμαι hou ean poreuōmai). Indefinite local clause with subjunctive. As a matter of fact, Paul had to flee from a conspiracy in Corinth (Acts 20:3). [source]
Perhaps abbreviation of Artemidorus. Nothing more is known of him. Or Tychicus (η Τυχικον ē Tuchikon). Paul‘s well-known disciple (Colossians 4:7; Ephesians 6:21; 2 Timothy 4:12). To Nicopolis Probably in Epirus, a good place for work in Dalmatia (2 Timothy 4:10). I have determined (κεκρικα kekrika). Perfect active indicative. I have decided. To winter there First aorist active infinitive of παραχειμαζω paracheimazō a literary Koiné{[28928]}š word for which see note on Acts 27:12; note on 1 Corinthians 16:6. [source]
Probably in Epirus, a good place for work in Dalmatia (2 Timothy 4:10). I have determined (κεκρικα kekrika). Perfect active indicative. I have decided. To winter there First aorist active infinitive of παραχειμαζω paracheimazō a literary Koiné{[28928]}š word for which see note on Acts 27:12; note on 1 Corinthians 16:6. [source]
First aorist active infinitive of παραχειμαζω paracheimazō a literary Koiné{[28928]}š word for which see note on Acts 27:12; note on 1 Corinthians 16:6. [source]
Comp. Acts 27:12; Acts 28:11; 1 Corinthians 16:6. The noun παραχειμασία wintering Acts 27:12. [source]