The Meaning of Acts 27:1 Explained

Acts 27:1

KJV: And when it was determined that we should sail into Italy, they delivered Paul and certain other prisoners unto one named Julius, a centurion of Augustus' band.

YLT: And when our sailing to Italy was determined, they were delivering up both Paul and certain others, prisoners, to a centurion, by name Julius, of the band of Sebastus,

Darby: But when it had been determined that we should sail to Italy, they delivered up Paul and certain other prisoners to a centurion, by name Julius, of Augustus' company.

ASV: And when it was determined that we should sail for Italy, they delivered Paul and certain other prisoners to a centurion named Julius, of the Augustan band.

KJV Reverse Interlinear

And  when  it was determined  that we  should sail  into  Italy,  they delivered  Paul  and  certain  other  prisoners  unto [one] named  Julius,  a centurion  of Augustus'  band. 

What does Acts 27:1 Mean?

Study Notes

centurion
Commander of 100 soldiers.

Verse Meaning

Luke appears to have remained with Paul from the time he left Philippi on his third missionary journey ( Acts 20:5). He may have ministered to him during his entire two-year detention at Caesarea. We know he travelled with Paul to Rome ( Acts 28:16). Here begins the longest of the four "we" sections of Acts , Acts 27:1 to Acts 28:16 (cf. Acts 16:10-17; Acts 20:5-15; Acts 21:1-18).
"For the sake of the credibility of his work as a piece of Greek history writing, at some point Luke needed to be able not merely to claim but demonstrate that he had participated in at least some of the events he chronicled." [1]
Scholars have not been able to identify the Augustan Cohort (a battalion of1 ,000 soldiers, cf. Acts 21:31) with certainty. Some of them believe this was the cohort responsible for communications and service between the emperor and his provincial armies. [2] However this group may not have been in existence this early in Roman history. [3] Since "Augustan" was a title of honor that the government gave to several cohorts, this simply may have been one of the Augustan cohorts that was based in the Syrian province. [4] These Augustan cohorts served various police and judicial functions. [2]
Since he was a Roman citizen who had appealed to Caesar, Paul would have enjoyed greater privileges than the other regular prisoners. Julius was another centurion (cf. Cornelius, ch10; Acts 22:26; Acts 24:23) who demonstrated fairness, consideration, and mercy, as this story will show. Adramyttium was a seaport of Mysia, opposite the island of Lesbos, 110 miles north of Ephesus. Sidon stood on the Mediterranean seacoast about70 miles north of Caesarea.

Context Summary

Acts 27:1-13 - On A Dangerous Voyage
The we indicates that the good physician, Luke, had rejoined the party. Separated from Paul by the Apostle's imprisonment, he now accompanied him on the ship to Rome. The centurion was indulgently disposed toward Paul. He may have been one of the brilliant crowd who had listened to Paul's last address. It was a most merciful Providence that placed the Apostle with such a man. He showed exceptional kindness in releasing Paul on parole at Sidon, that he might visit his friends, and, no doubt, provide himself with necessaries against the stormy and hazardous winter voyage.
The travelers were fortunate enough to find at Myra a large vessel carrying wheat from Egypt to Rome. There was room for the centurion, his soldiers, and prisoners, as well as such others as chose to accompany them. It was toward the close of September, and perhaps at Fair Havens the Apostle and any Jewish Christians on board may have observed the great Day of Atonement, the one fast of the Jewish calendar. The season for navigation with sailing vessels was drawing to a close, and Paul counseled delay, but his words were unheeded. The man who knew God was wiser than the men who knew the sea. [source]

Chapter Summary: Acts 27

1  Paul shipping toward Rome,
10  foretells of the danger of the voyage,
11  but is not believed
14  They are tossed to and fro by a storm;
41  and suffer shipwreck;
44  yet all come safe to land

Greek Commentary for Acts 27:1

That we should sail [του αποπλειν ημας]
This genitive articular infinitive with εκριτη — ekrithē like the lxx construction translating the Hebrew infinitive construct is awkward in Greek. Several similar examples in Luke 17:1; Acts 10:25; Acts 20:3 (Robertson, Grammar, p. 1068). Luke alone uses this old verb in N.T. He uses nine compounds of πλεω — pleō to sail. Note the reappearance of “we” in the narrative. It is possible, of course, that Luke was not with Paul during the series of trials at Caesarea, or at least, not all the time. But it is natural for Luke to use “we” again because he and Aristarchus are travelling with Paul. In Caesarea Paul was the centre of the action all the time whether Luke was present or not. The great detail and minute accuracy of Luke‘s account of this voyage and shipwreck throw more light upon ancient seafaring than everything else put together. Smith‘s Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul is still a classic on the subject. Though so accurate in his use of sea terms, yet Luke writes like a landsman, not like a sailor. Besides, the character of Paul is here revealed in a remarkable fashion. [source]
They delivered [παρεδιδουν]
Imperfect active ωμεγα — ōmega form rather than the old μι — ̇mi form παρεδιδοσαν — paredidosan as in Acts 4:33, from παραδιδωμι — paradidōmi Perhaps the imperfect notes the continuance of the handing over. Certain other prisoners (τινας ετερους δεσμωτας — tinas heterous desmōtas). Bound (δεσμωτας — desmōtas) like Paul, but not necessarily appellants to Caesar, perhaps some of them condemned criminals to amuse the Roman populace in the gladiatorial shows, most likely pagans though ετερους — heterous does not have to mean different kind of prisoners from Paul. Of the Augustan band Note Ionic genitive σπειρης — speirēs not σπειρας — speiras See note on Matthew 27:27 and note on Acts 10:1. Χοορτις Αυγυσταε — Cohortis Augustae We do not really know why this cohort is called “Augustan.” It may be that it is part of the imperial commissariat (frumentarii) since Julius assumes chief authority in the grain ship (Acts 27:11). These legionary centurions when in Rome were called peregrini (foreigners) because their work was chiefly in the provinces. This man Julius may have been one of them. [source]
Certain other prisoners [τινας ετερους δεσμωτας]
Bound (δεσμωτας — desmōtas) like Paul, but not necessarily appellants to Caesar, perhaps some of them condemned criminals to amuse the Roman populace in the gladiatorial shows, most likely pagans though ετερους — heterous does not have to mean different kind of prisoners from Paul. [source]
Of the Augustan band [σπειρης Σεβαστης]
Note Ionic genitive σπειρης — speirēs not σπειρας — speiras See note on Matthew 27:27 and note on Acts 10:1. Χοορτις Αυγυσταε — Cohortis Augustae We do not really know why this cohort is called “Augustan.” It may be that it is part of the imperial commissariat (frumentarii) since Julius assumes chief authority in the grain ship (Acts 27:11). These legionary centurions when in Rome were called peregrini (foreigners) because their work was chiefly in the provinces. This man Julius may have been one of them. [source]
Sail [ἀποπλεῖν]
Lit., sail away. [source]
Band []
See on Mark 15:16. [source]

Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Acts 27:1

Matthew 12:29 Goods [σκεύη]
The word originally means a vessel, and so mostly in the New Testament. See Mark 11:16; John 19:29. But also the entire equipment of a house, collectively: chattels, house-gear. Also the baggage of an army. Here in the sense of house-gear. Compare Luke 17:31; Acts 27:17, of the gear or tackling of the ship. Rev., lowered the gear. [source]
Matthew 12:25 Knowing their thoughts [ειδως δε τας εντυμησεις αυτων]
What they were revolving in their minds. They now find out what a powerful opponent Jesus is. By parables, by a series of conditions (first class), by sarcasm, by rhetorical question, by merciless logic, he lays bare their hollow insincerity and the futility of their arguments. Satan does not cast out Satan. Note timeless aorist passive εμεριστη — emeristhē in Matthew 12:26, επτασεν — ephthasen in Matthew 12:28 (simple sense of arriving as in Philemon 3:16 from πτανω — phthanō). Christ is engaged in deathless conflict with Satan the strong man (Matthew 12:29). “Goods” (σκευη — skeuē) means house-gear, house furniture, or equipment as in Luke 17:36 and Acts 27:17, the tackling of the ship. [source]
Luke 8:29 It had seized [συνηρπάκει]
Used by Luke only. See Acts 6:12; Acts 27:15. The verb literally means to snatch and carry away with ( σύν )He was kept bound ( ἐδεσμεύετο φυλασσόμενος )Lit., he was bound, being guarded. Rev., was kept under guard and bound. The A. V. does not sufficiently bring out the vigilance with which he was attended. [source]
Luke 5:4 Let down [χαλάσατε]
The plural, addressed to the whole of the boat's crew. Originally, to slacken or loosen, as a bowstring or the reins of horses; hence to let sink as a net. Also of unbarring a door. Metaphorically, to be indulgent, to pardon. The word occurs in the New Testament seven times, and five of these in Luke. He uses it of letting down Paul in a basket at Damascus (Acts 9:25); of striking a ship's sails, and of letting down a boat into the sea (Acts 27:17, Acts 27:30). Matthew, Mark, and John use βάλλω , or ἀμφιβάλλω , for casting a net (Matthew 4:18; Matthew 13:47; Mark 1:16; John 21:6), which appears also in the compound noun for a casting-net ( ἀμφίβληστρον , see on Matthew 4:18). The word used by Luke was in common use in medical writings, to denote relaxation of the limbs; loosening of bandages; abatement of sickness; letting herbs down into a vessel to be steeped. [source]
Luke 5:4 Put out into the deep [επαναγαγε εις το βατος]
The same double compound verb as in Luke 5:3, only here second aorist active imperative second person singular.Let down (χαλασατε — chalasate). Peter was master of the craft and so he was addressed first. First aorist active imperative second person plural. Here the whole crew are addressed. The verb is the regular nautical term for lowering cargo or boats (Acts 27:17, Acts 27:30). But it was used for lowering anything from a higher place (Mark 2:4; Acts 9:25; 2 Corinthians 11:33). For a catch (εις αγραν — eis agran). This purpose was the startling thing that stirred up Simon. [source]
Luke 5:4 Let down [χαλασατε]
Peter was master of the craft and so he was addressed first. First aorist active imperative second person plural. Here the whole crew are addressed. The verb is the regular nautical term for lowering cargo or boats (Acts 27:17, Acts 27:30). But it was used for lowering anything from a higher place (Mark 2:4; Acts 9:25; 2 Corinthians 11:33). For a catch This purpose was the startling thing that stirred up Simon. [source]
Luke 8:22 And they launched forth [και ανηχτησαν]
First aorist passive indicative of αναγω — anagō an old verb, to lead up, to put out to sea (looked at as going up from the land). This nautical sense of the verb occurs only in Luke in the N.T. and especially in the Acts (Acts 13:13; Acts 16:11; Acts 18:21; Acts 20:3, Acts 20:13; Acts 21:1, Acts 21:2; Acts 27:2, Acts 27:4, Acts 27:12, Acts 27:21; Acts 28:10.). [source]
Luke 8:29 It had seized [συνηρπακει]
Past perfect active of συναρπαζω — sunarpazō to lay hold by force. An old verb, but only in Luke in the N.T. (Luke 8:29; Acts 6:12; Acts 19:29; Acts 27:15). [source]
Luke 8:29 Often times [πολλοις χρονοις]
Or “for a long time” like χρονωι πολλωι — chronōi pollōi of Luke 8:27 (see Robertson, Grammar, p. 537, for the plural here).It had seized (συνηρπακει — sunērpakei). Past perfect active of συναρπαζω — sunarpazō to lay hold by force. An old verb, but only in Luke in the N.T. (Luke 8:29; Acts 6:12; Acts 19:29; Acts 27:15).Was kept under guard Imperfect passive of δεσμευω — desmeuō to put in chains, from δεσμος — desmos bond, and that from δεω — deō to bind. Old, but rather rare verb. Only here and Acts 22:4 in this sense. In Matthew 23:4 it means to bind together. Some MSS. read δεσμεω — desmeō in Luke 8:29.Breaking the bands asunder (διαρησσων τα δεσμα — diarēssōn ta desma). Old verb, the preposition δια — dia (in two) intensifying the meaning of the simple verb ρησσω — rēssō or ρηγνυμι — rēgnumi to rend.Was driven Imperfect passive of ελαυνω — elaunō to drive, to row, to march (Xenophon). Only five times in the N.T. Here alone in Luke and peculiar to Luke in this incident. [source]
John 12:13 Took [ελαβον]
Second aorist active indicative of λαμβανω — lambanō The branches of the palm trees Ποινιχ — Phoinix is an old word for palm tree (Revelation 7:9 for the branches) and in Acts 27:12 the name of a city. αιον — Baion is apparently a word of Egyptian origin, palm branches, here only in N.T., but in the papyri and 1Macc 13:51. Here we have “the palm branches of the palm trees.” The use in 1Macc 13:51 (cf. 2Macc 10:7) is in the account of Simon‘s triumphal entry into Jerusalem. Bernard notes that to carry palms was a mark of triumphant homage to a victor or a king (Revelation 7:9). Palm trees grew on the Mount of Olives (Mark 11:8) on the road from Bethany to Jerusalem. The crowds (one in front and one behind, Mark 11:9; Matthew 21:9; John 2:18) cut the branches as they came (Matthew 21:8). To meet him Literally, for a meeting It was a scene of growing excitement. And cried out Imperfect active of κραυγαζω — kraugazō old and rare verb (from κραυγη — kraugē) as in Matthew 12:19; John 19:15. Hosannah Transliteration of the Hebrew word meaning “Save now.” The lxx renders it by Σωσον δη — Sōson dē (Save now). Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord Perfect passive participle of ευλογεω — eulogeō Quotation from Psalm 118:25., written, some think, for the dedication of the second temple, or, as others think, for the feast of tabernacles after the return (Ezra 3:1.). It was sung in the processional recitation then as a welcome to the worshippers. Here the words are addressed to the Messiah as is made plain by the addition of the words, “even the king of Israel” Jesus is here hailed by the multitudes as the long-looked for Messiah of Jewish hope and he allows them so to greet him (Luke 19:38-40), a thing that he prevented a year before in Galilee (John 6:14.). It is probable that “in the name of the Lord” should be taken with “blessed” as in Deuteronomy 21:5; 2 Samuel 6:18; 1 Kings 22:16; 2 Kings 2:24. The Messiah was recognized by Martha as the Coming One (John 11:27) and is so described by the Baptist (Matthew 11:3). Mark (Mark 11:10) adds “the kingdom that cometh” while Luke (John 19:38) has “the king that cometh.” “It was this public acclamation of Jesus as King of Israel or King of the Jews which was the foundation of the charge made against him before Pilate (John 18:33)” (Bernard). [source]
Acts 27:21 Harm [ὕβριν]
See on Acts 27:10. [source]
Acts 11:23 He exhorted [παρεκαλει]
Imperfect active, picturing the continuous encouragement from Barnabas. With purpose of heart (τηι προτεσει της καρδιας — tēi prothesei tēs kardias). Placing before (from προτιτημι — prȯtithēmi), old word for set plan as in Acts 27:13; Romans 8:28. The glow of the first enthusiasm might pass as often happens after a revival. Barnabas had a special gift (Acts 4:36) for work like this. Cleave unto the Lord Dative case (locative if εν — en is genuine) of κυριος — kurios (here Jesus again) after προσεμενειν — prosemenein to keep on remaining loyal to (present active infinitive). Persistence was needed in such a pagan city. [source]
Acts 11:23 With purpose of heart [τηι προτεσει της καρδιας]
Placing before (from προτιτημι — prȯtithēmi), old word for set plan as in Acts 27:13; Romans 8:28. The glow of the first enthusiasm might pass as often happens after a revival. Barnabas had a special gift (Acts 4:36) for work like this. [source]
Acts 11:28 Should be [μελλειν εσεσται]
Μελλω — Mellō occurs either with the present infinitive (Acts 16:27), the aorist infinitive (Acts 12:6), or the future as here and Acts 24:15; Acts 27:10. Over all the world (επ ολην την οικουμενην — eph' holēn tēn oikoumenēn). Over all the inhabited earth (γην — gēn understood). Probably a common hyperbole for the Roman empire as in Luke 2:1. Josephus (Ant. VIII. 13, 4) appears to restrict it to Palestine. In the days of Claudius He was Roman Emperor a.d. 41-44. The Roman writers (Suetonius, Dio Cassius, Tacitus) all tell of dearths (assiduae sterilitates) during the brief reign of Claudius who was preceded by Caligula and followed by Nero. [source]
Acts 13:4 Sent forth [εκπεμπτεντες]
Old verb from εκπεμπω — ekpempō and first aorist passive participle, but in the N.T. only here and Acts 17:10. Sailed (απεπλευσαν — apepleusan). Effective aorist active indicative of αποπλεω — apopleō old verb to sail away, depart from. In the N.T. only here and Acts 14:26; Acts 20:15; Acts 27:1. Barnabas was from Cyprus where there were many Jews. [source]
Acts 13:4 Sailed [απεπλευσαν]
Effective aorist active indicative of αποπλεω — apopleō old verb to sail away, depart from. In the N.T. only here and Acts 14:26; Acts 20:15; Acts 27:1. Barnabas was from Cyprus where there were many Jews. [source]
Acts 10:25 That Peter entered [tou eiselthein ton Petron)]
This is a difficult construction, for the subject of egeneto (it happened) has to be the articular genitive infinitive tou eiselthein with the accusative of general reference ton Petron Most commentators consider it inexplicable. It is probably an extension of the ordinary articular infinitive under the influence of the Hebrew infinitive construct without regard to the case, regarding it as a fixed case form and so using it as nominative. Precisely this construction of tou and the infinitive as the subject of a verb occurs in the lxx (2 Chronicles 6:7, etc.). See Robertson, Grammar, pp. 1067f. for full discussion of this obvious Hebraism. Somewhat similar examples appear in Acts 20:3; Acts 27:1. But the Codex Bezae avoids this awkward idiom by the genitive absolute (proseggizontos tou Petrou) and some additional details (one of the servants ran forward and announced that he was come). [source]
Acts 17:11 With all readiness of mind [μετα πασης προτυμιας]
Old word from προτυμος — prothumos Paul expounded the Scriptures daily as in Thessalonica, but the Beroeans, instead of resenting his new interpretation, examined (ει εχοι ταυτα ουτως — anakrinō means to sift up and down, make careful and exact research as in legal processes as in Acts 4:9; Acts 12:19, etc.) the Scriptures for themselves. In Scotland people have the Bible open on the preacher as he expounds the passage, a fine habit worth imitating. Whether these things were so Literally, “if these things had it thus.” The present optative in the indirect question represents an original present indicative as in Luke 1:29 (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 1043f.). This use of ei with the optative may be looked at as the condition of the fourth class (undetermined with less likelihood of determination) as in Acts 17:27; Acts 20:16; Acts 24:19; Acts 27:12 (Robertson, Grammar, p. 1021). The Beroeans were eagerly interested in the new message of Paul and Silas but they wanted to see it for themselves. What a noble attitude. Paul‘s preaching made Bible students of them. The duty of private interpretation is thus made plain (Hovey). [source]
Acts 17:11 Whether these things were so [ει]
Literally, “if these things had it thus.” The present optative in the indirect question represents an original present indicative as in Luke 1:29 (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 1043f.). This use of ei with the optative may be looked at as the condition of the fourth class (undetermined with less likelihood of determination) as in Acts 17:27; Acts 20:16; Acts 24:19; Acts 27:12 (Robertson, Grammar, p. 1021). The Beroeans were eagerly interested in the new message of Paul and Silas but they wanted to see it for themselves. What a noble attitude. Paul‘s preaching made Bible students of them. The duty of private interpretation is thus made plain (Hovey). [source]
Acts 21:31 To the chief captain [τωι χιλιαρχωι]
Commander of a thousand men or cohort (Mark 15:16). His name was Claudius Lysias. Of the band (της σπειρης — tēs speirēs). Each legion had six tribunes and so each tribune (chiliarch) had a thousand if the cohort had its full quota. See note on Acts 10:1; and note on Acts 27:1. The word is the Latin spira (anything rolled up). Note the genitive σπειρης — speirēs instead of σπειρας — speiras (Attic). Was in confusion Present passive indicative of συνχυννω — sunchunnō (see Acts 21:27, συνεχεον — sunecheon). This is what the conspirators had desired. [source]
Acts 21:31 Of the band [της σπειρης]
Each legion had six tribunes and so each tribune (chiliarch) had a thousand if the cohort had its full quota. See note on Acts 10:1; and note on Acts 27:1. The word is the Latin spira (anything rolled up). Note the genitive σπειρης — speirēs instead of σπειρας — speiras (Attic). [source]
Acts 27:1 Of the Augustan band [σπειρης Σεβαστης]
Note Ionic genitive σπειρης — speirēs not σπειρας — speiras See note on Matthew 27:27 and note on Acts 10:1. Χοορτις Αυγυσταε — Cohortis Augustae We do not really know why this cohort is called “Augustan.” It may be that it is part of the imperial commissariat (frumentarii) since Julius assumes chief authority in the grain ship (Acts 27:11). These legionary centurions when in Rome were called peregrini (foreigners) because their work was chiefly in the provinces. This man Julius may have been one of them. [source]
Acts 21:18 Went in [εισηιει]
Imperfect active of εισειμι — eiseimi old classic verb used only four times in the N.T. (Acts 3:3; Acts 21:18, Acts 21:26; Hebrews 9:6), a mark of the literary style rather than the colloquial Koiné{[28928]}š use of εισερχομαι — eiserchomai Together with us to James So then Luke is present. The next use of “we” is in Acts 27:1 when they leave Caesarea for Rome, but it is not likely that Luke was away from Paul in Jerusalem and Caesarea. The reports of what was done and said in both places is so full and minute that it seems reasonable that Luke got first hand information here whatever his motive was for so full an account of these legal proceedings to be discussed later. There are many details that read like an eye witness‘s story (Acts 21:30, Acts 21:35, Acts 21:40; Acts 22:2, Acts 22:3; Acts 23:12, etc.). It was probably the house of James And all the elders were present (παντες τε παρεγενοντο οι πρεσβυτεροι — pantes te paregenonto hoi presbuteroi). Clearly James is the leading elder and the others are his guests in a formal reception to Paul. It is noticeable that the apostles are not mentioned, though both elders and apostles are named at the Conference in Acts chapter 15. It would seem that the apostles are away on preaching tours. The whole church was not called together probably because of the known prejudice against Paul created by the Judaizers. [source]
Acts 21:31 Tidings [πασις]
From παινω — phainō to show. Old word for the work of informers and then the exposure of secret crime. In lxx. Here only in the N.T. Came up (ανεβη — anebē). Naturally in the wild uproar. The Roman guard during festivals was kept stationed in the Tower of Antonia at the northwest corner of the temple overlooking the temple and connected by stairs (Acts 21:35). To the chief captain Commander of a thousand men or cohort (Mark 15:16). His name was Claudius Lysias. Of the band (της σπειρης — tēs speirēs). Each legion had six tribunes and so each tribune (chiliarch) had a thousand if the cohort had its full quota. See note on Acts 10:1; and note on Acts 27:1. The word is the Latin spira (anything rolled up). Note the genitive σπειρης — speirēs instead of σπειρας — speiras (Attic). Was in confusion Present passive indicative of συνχυννω — sunchunnō (see Acts 21:27, συνεχεον — sunecheon). This is what the conspirators had desired. [source]
Acts 25:21 For the decision of the emperor [εις την του Σεβαστου διαγνωσιν]
Διαγνωσιν — Diagnōsin (cf. διαγνωσομαι — diagnōsomai Acts 24:22, I will determine) is the regular word for a legal examination In the N.T. only here, Acts 25:25; Acts 27:1 (of the legion). It was more imposing than “Caesar” which was originally a family name (always official in the N.T.) and it fell in with the tendency toward emperor-worship which later played such a large part in Roman life and which Christians opposed so bitterly. China is having a revival of this idea in the insistence on bowing three times to the picture of Sun-Yat-Sen. Till I should send him to Caesar (εως αν αναπεμπσω αυτον προς Καισαρα — heōs an anapempsō auton pros Kaisara). Here αναπεμπσω — anapempsō can be either future indicative or first aorist subjunctive (identical in first person singular), aorist subjunctive the usual construction with εως — heōs for future time (Robertson, Grammar, p. 876). Literally, “send up” (ανα — ana) to a superior (the emperor). Common in this sense in the papyri and Koiné{[28928]}š writers. Here “Caesar” is used as the title of Nero instead of “Augustus” as Κυριος — Kurios (Lord) occurs in Acts 25:26. [source]
Acts 27:1 They delivered [παρεδιδουν]
Imperfect active ωμεγα — ōmega form rather than the old μι — ̇mi form παρεδιδοσαν — paredidosan as in Acts 4:33, from παραδιδωμι — paradidōmi Perhaps the imperfect notes the continuance of the handing over. Certain other prisoners (τινας ετερους δεσμωτας — tinas heterous desmōtas). Bound (δεσμωτας — desmōtas) like Paul, but not necessarily appellants to Caesar, perhaps some of them condemned criminals to amuse the Roman populace in the gladiatorial shows, most likely pagans though ετερους — heterous does not have to mean different kind of prisoners from Paul. Of the Augustan band Note Ionic genitive σπειρης — speirēs not σπειρας — speiras See note on Matthew 27:27 and note on Acts 10:1. Χοορτις Αυγυσταε — Cohortis Augustae We do not really know why this cohort is called “Augustan.” It may be that it is part of the imperial commissariat (frumentarii) since Julius assumes chief authority in the grain ship (Acts 27:11). These legionary centurions when in Rome were called peregrini (foreigners) because their work was chiefly in the provinces. This man Julius may have been one of them. [source]
Acts 27:8 Coasting along [παραλεγομενοι]
Present middle participle of παραλεγω — paralegō to lay beside, not from λεγω — legō to collect or λεγω — legō to say. Diodorus Siculus uses παραλεγομαι — paralegomai in precisely this sense of coasting along, like Latin legere oram. In N.T. only here and Acts 27:13. [source]
Acts 27:13 When the south wind blew softly [υποπνευσαντος νοτου]
Genitive absolute with aorist active participle of υποπνεω — hupopneō old verb to blow under, then to blow gently, here only in N.T. “A south wind having blown gently,” in marked contrast to the violent northwest wind that they had faced so long. They were so sure of the wisdom of their decision that they did not even draw up the small boat attached by a rope to the vessel‘s stern (Acts 27:16). It was only some forty miles to Lutro. [source]
Acts 27:22 No loss of life [αποβολη πσυχης ουδεμια]
Old word from αποβαλλω — apoballō to throw away, only twice in N.T. Romans 11:15 (rejection) and here. He had foretold such loss of life as likely (Acts 27:10), but he now gives his reason for his changed view. [source]
Acts 27:38 They lightened [εκουπιζον]
Inchoative imperfect active, began to lighten. Old verb from κουπος — kouphos and originally to be light, but transitive to lighten, as here, from Hippocrates on. Throwing out the wheat (εκβαλλομενοι τον σιτον — ekballomenoi ton siton). The cargo of wheat. The second εκβολη — ekbolē (Acts 27:18) or casting out and overboard which was only partially done at first. [source]
Acts 27:38 Throwing out the wheat [εκβαλλομενοι τον σιτον]
The cargo of wheat. The second εκβολη — ekbolē (Acts 27:18) or casting out and overboard which was only partially done at first. [source]
Acts 28:11 Which had wintered [παρακεχειμακοτι]
Perfect active participle of παραχειμαζω — paracheimazō to pass the winter. Old verb, in N.T. only Acts 27:12; Acts 28:11; 1 Corinthians 16:6; Titus 3:12. The locative case agreeing with πλοιωι — ploiōi Navigation in the Mediterranean usually opened up in February (always by March), spring beginning on Feb. 9 (Page). [source]
Acts 27:16 To secure the boat [περικρατεις γενεσται της σκαπης]
“To become masters The smooth water behind the little island enabled them to do this. When they had hoisted it up (ην αραντες — hēn ārantes). “Which (the little boat) having hoisted up (αραντες — arantes Acts 27:13).” Even so it was “with difficulty” (μολις — molis). Perhaps the little boat was waterlogged. Used helps Imperfect middle of χραομαι — chraomai with instrumental case. The “helps” were ropes or chains, no doubt. Under-girding the ship (υποζωννυντες το πλοιον — hupozōnnuntes to ploion). Present active participle of υποζωννυμι — hupozōnnumi Old verb, here only in N.T. Probably cables (υποζωματα — hupozōmata) or ropes were used under the hull of the ship laterally or even longitudinally, tightly secured on deck. This “frapping” was more necessary for ancient vessels because of the heavy mast. The little island made it possible to do this also. Lest we be cast upon the Syrtis Final clause after verb of fearing The Syrtis was the name for two quicksands between Carthage and Cyrenaica, this clearly being the Syrtis Major most dangerous because of the sandbanks The wind would drive the ship right into this peril if something were not done. They lowered the gear (χαλασαντες το σκευος — chalasantes to skeuos). First aorist active participle of χαλαω — chalaō (cf. Luke 5:4 for lowering the nets). Σκευος — Skeuos means vessel or gear. They slackened or reduced sail, especially the mainsail, but leaving enough to keep the ship‘s head as close to the wind as was practicable. So were driven Imperfect passive indicative again as in Acts 27:15 with the addition of ουτως — houtōs (thus). The ship was now fixed as near to the wind (E N E) as possible (seven points). That would enable the ship to go actually W by N and so avoid the quicksands. J. Smith has shown that, a day being lost around Cauda, the ship going 36 miles in 24 hours in 13 days would make 468 miles. The Island of Malta (Melita) is precisely in that direction (W by N) from Cauda and is 480 miles. Page sees a difficulty about this explanation of the steady drift of the ship in the word διαπερομενον — diapheromenon in Acts 27:27, but that was at the end of the drifting and the varied winds could have come then and not before. The whole narrative as explained carefully in Smith‘s Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul is a masterpiece of precise and accurate scholarship. A resume of his results appears in my Luke the Historian in the Light of Research. [source]
Acts 27:16 Used helps [βοητειαις εχρωντο]
Imperfect middle of χραομαι — chraomai with instrumental case. The “helps” were ropes or chains, no doubt. Under-girding the ship (υποζωννυντες το πλοιον — hupozōnnuntes to ploion). Present active participle of υποζωννυμι — hupozōnnumi Old verb, here only in N.T. Probably cables (υποζωματα — hupozōmata) or ropes were used under the hull of the ship laterally or even longitudinally, tightly secured on deck. This “frapping” was more necessary for ancient vessels because of the heavy mast. The little island made it possible to do this also. Lest we be cast upon the Syrtis Final clause after verb of fearing The Syrtis was the name for two quicksands between Carthage and Cyrenaica, this clearly being the Syrtis Major most dangerous because of the sandbanks The wind would drive the ship right into this peril if something were not done. They lowered the gear (χαλασαντες το σκευος — chalasantes to skeuos). First aorist active participle of χαλαω — chalaō (cf. Luke 5:4 for lowering the nets). Σκευος — Skeuos means vessel or gear. They slackened or reduced sail, especially the mainsail, but leaving enough to keep the ship‘s head as close to the wind as was practicable. So were driven Imperfect passive indicative again as in Acts 27:15 with the addition of ουτως — houtōs (thus). The ship was now fixed as near to the wind (E N E) as possible (seven points). That would enable the ship to go actually W by N and so avoid the quicksands. J. Smith has shown that, a day being lost around Cauda, the ship going 36 miles in 24 hours in 13 days would make 468 miles. The Island of Malta (Melita) is precisely in that direction (W by N) from Cauda and is 480 miles. Page sees a difficulty about this explanation of the steady drift of the ship in the word διαπερομενον — diapheromenon in Acts 27:27, but that was at the end of the drifting and the varied winds could have come then and not before. The whole narrative as explained carefully in Smith‘s Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul is a masterpiece of precise and accurate scholarship. A resume of his results appears in my Luke the Historian in the Light of Research. [source]
Acts 28:13 Rhegium [ηγιον]
Genitive absolute again, and for all the world like that fatal south wind in Acts 27:13, but with no bad results this time, though the weather was plainly treacherous at this early season. On the second day This is the classical use of the predicate adjective, “We second day men” as in Luke 24:22; John 11:39; Philemon 3:5 instead of the adverb (Robertson, Grammar, p. 657). To Puteoli (εις Ποτιολους — eis Potiolous). It was 182 miles from Rhegium and would require 26 hours (Page). It was eight miles northwest from Neapolis (Naples) and the chief port of Rome, the regular harbour for the Alexandrian ships from Rome. Portions of the great mole are said to be still visible. [source]
Acts 28:13 A south wind sprang up [επιγενομενου νοτου]
Genitive absolute again, and for all the world like that fatal south wind in Acts 27:13, but with no bad results this time, though the weather was plainly treacherous at this early season. [source]
Acts 8:26 Toward the South [κατα μεσημβριαν]
Old word from μεσος — mesos and ημερα — hēmera midday or noon as in Acts 22:16, the only other example in the N.T. That may be the idea here also, though “towards the South” gets support from the use of κατα λιβα — kata liba in Acts 27:12. [source]
Acts 27:16 Lest we be cast upon the Syrtis [μη εις την Συρτιν εκπεσωσιν]
Final clause after verb of fearing The Syrtis was the name for two quicksands between Carthage and Cyrenaica, this clearly being the Syrtis Major most dangerous because of the sandbanks The wind would drive the ship right into this peril if something were not done. They lowered the gear (χαλασαντες το σκευος — chalasantes to skeuos). First aorist active participle of χαλαω — chalaō (cf. Luke 5:4 for lowering the nets). Σκευος — Skeuos means vessel or gear. They slackened or reduced sail, especially the mainsail, but leaving enough to keep the ship‘s head as close to the wind as was practicable. So were driven Imperfect passive indicative again as in Acts 27:15 with the addition of ουτως — houtōs (thus). The ship was now fixed as near to the wind (E N E) as possible (seven points). That would enable the ship to go actually W by N and so avoid the quicksands. J. Smith has shown that, a day being lost around Cauda, the ship going 36 miles in 24 hours in 13 days would make 468 miles. The Island of Malta (Melita) is precisely in that direction (W by N) from Cauda and is 480 miles. Page sees a difficulty about this explanation of the steady drift of the ship in the word διαπερομενον — diapheromenon in Acts 27:27, but that was at the end of the drifting and the varied winds could have come then and not before. The whole narrative as explained carefully in Smith‘s Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul is a masterpiece of precise and accurate scholarship. A resume of his results appears in my Luke the Historian in the Light of Research. [source]
Acts 27:16 So were driven [ουτως επεροντο]
Imperfect passive indicative again as in Acts 27:15 with the addition of ουτως — houtōs (thus). The ship was now fixed as near to the wind (E N E) as possible (seven points). That would enable the ship to go actually W by N and so avoid the quicksands. J. Smith has shown that, a day being lost around Cauda, the ship going 36 miles in 24 hours in 13 days would make 468 miles. The Island of Malta (Melita) is precisely in that direction (W by N) from Cauda and is 480 miles. Page sees a difficulty about this explanation of the steady drift of the ship in the word διαπερομενον — diapheromenon in Acts 27:27, but that was at the end of the drifting and the varied winds could have come then and not before. The whole narrative as explained carefully in Smith‘s Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul is a masterpiece of precise and accurate scholarship. A resume of his results appears in my Luke the Historian in the Light of Research. [source]
Acts 3:10 Were filled [επληστησαν]
Effective first aorist passive. At that which had happened (τωι συμβεβηκοτι — tōi sumbebēkoti). Perfect active participle of συμβαινω — sumbainō Acts 3:11 The Codex Bezae adds “as Peter and John went out.” As he held Genitive absolute of krateō to hold fast, with accusative rather than genitive to get hold of (Acts 27:13). Old and common verb from kratos (strength, force). Perhaps out of gratitude and partly from fear (Luke 8:38). In the porch that is called Solomon‘s (epi tēi stoāi tēi kaloumenēi Solomōntos). The adjective Stoic (stoikos) is from this word stoa (porch). It was on the east side of the court of the Gentiles (Josephus, Ant. XX. 9, 7) and was so called because it was built on a remnant of the foundations of the ancient temple. Jesus had once taught here (John 10:23). Greatly wondering Wondering out of Late adjective. Construction according to sense (plural, though laos singular) as in Acts 5:16; Acts 6:7; Acts 11:1, etc. [source]
Acts 3:10 As he held [kratountos autou)]
Genitive absolute of krateō to hold fast, with accusative rather than genitive to get hold of (Acts 27:13). Old and common verb from kratos (strength, force). Perhaps out of gratitude and partly from fear (Luke 8:38). In the porch that is called Solomon‘s (epi tēi stoāi tēi kaloumenēi Solomōntos). The adjective Stoic (stoikos) is from this word stoa (porch). It was on the east side of the court of the Gentiles (Josephus, Ant. XX. 9, 7) and was so called because it was built on a remnant of the foundations of the ancient temple. Jesus had once taught here (John 10:23). Greatly wondering Wondering out of Late adjective. Construction according to sense (plural, though laos singular) as in Acts 5:16; Acts 6:7; Acts 11:1, etc. [source]
Acts 9:25 Lowering him [αυτον χαλασαντες]
First aorist active participle of χαλαω — chalaō old and common verb in a nautical sense (Acts 27:17, Acts 27:30) as well as otherwise as here. Same verb used by Paul of this experience (2 Corinthians 11:33). In a basket (εν σπυριδι — en sphuridi). The word used when the four thousand were fed (Mark 8:8; Matthew 15:37). A large basket plaited of reeds and distinguished in Mark 8:19. (Matthew 16:9.) from the smaller κοπινος — kophinos Paul uses σαργανη — sarganē a basket made of ropes. This escape by night by the help of the men whom he had come to destroy was a shameful memory to Paul (2 Corinthians 11:33). Wendt thinks that the coincidences in language here prove that Luke had read II Corinthians. That, of course, is quite possible. [source]
Romans 1:10 If by any means now at length [ει πως ηδη ποτε]
A condition of the first class in the form of an indirect question (aim) or elliptical condition like Acts 27:12 (Robertson, Grammar, p. 1024). Note the four particles together to express Paul‘s feelings of emotion that now at length somehow it may really come true. [source]
Romans 11:14 I may provoke [parazēlōsō)]
Either future active indicative or first aorist active subjunctive, see same uncertainty in Philemon 3:10 katantēsō but in Philemon 3:11 katalabō after ei is subjunctive. The future indicative is clear in Romans 1:10 and the optative in Acts 27:12. Doubtful whether future indicative or aorist subjunctive also in sōsō (save). [source]
Romans 8:28 According to his purpose [κατα προτεσιν]
Old word, seen already in Acts 27:13 and for “shewbread” in Matthew 12:4. The verb προτιτημι — protithēmi Paul uses in Romans 3:24 for God‘s purpose. Paul accepts fully human free agency but behind it all and through it all runs God‘s sovereignty as here and on its gracious side (Romans 9:11; Romans 3:11; 2 Timothy 1:9). [source]
1 Corinthians 12:28 Governments [κυβερνήσεις]
Only here in the New Testament. From κυβερνάω tosteer. The kindred κυβερνήτης shipmasteror steersman, occurs Acts 27:11; Revelation 18:17. Referring probably to administrators of church government, as presbyters. The marginal wise counsels (Rev.) is based on Septuagint usage, as Proverbs 1:5; Proverbs 20:21. Compare Proverbs 11:14; Proverbs 24:6. Ignatius, in his letter to Polycarp says: “The occasion demands thee, as pilots ( κυβερνῆται ) the winds.” The reading is disputed, but the sense seems to be that the crisis demands Polycarp as a pilot. Lightfoot says that this is the earliest example of a simile which was afterward used largely by christian writers - the comparison of the Church to a ship. Hippolytus represents the mast as the cross; the two rudders the two covenants; the undergirding ropes the love of Christ. The ship is one of the ornaments which Clement of Alexandria allows a Christian to wear (“Apostolic Fathers,” Part II., Ignatius to Polycarp, 2). [source]
1 Corinthians 12:28 Governments [επισχοποι]
Old word from πρεσβυτεροι — kubernaō (cf. οι προισταμενοι — Kubernētēs in Acts 27:11) like Latin gubernare, our govern. So a governing. Probably Paul has in mind bishops Curiously enough, these two offices (pastors and deacons) which are not named specifically are the two that survive today. See note on Philemon 1:1 for both officers. [source]
1 Corinthians 16:6 Or even winter [η και παραχειμασω]
Future active of late verb παραχειμαζω — paracheimazō See note on Acts 27:12; note on Acts 28:11; and note on Titus 3:12. He did stay in Corinth for three months (Acts 20:3), probably the coming winter. Whithersoever I go (ου εαν πορευωμαι — hou ean poreuōmai). Indefinite local clause with subjunctive. As a matter of fact, Paul had to flee from a conspiracy in Corinth (Acts 20:3). [source]
1 Corinthians 12:28 In the church [en tēi ekklēsiāi)]
The general sense of αποστολους — ekklēsia as in Matthew 16:18 and later in Colossians 1:18, Colossians 1:24; Ephesians 5:23, Ephesians 5:32; Hebrews 12:23. See list also in Ephesians 4:11. See note on Matthew 10:2 for προπητας — apostolous the official title given the twelve by Jesus, and claimed by Paul though not one of the twelve. Prophets (διδασκαλους — prophētas). For-speakers for God and Christ. See the list of prophets and teachers in Acts 13:1 with Barnabas first and Saul last. Prophets are needed today if men will let God‘s Spirit use them, men moved to utter the deep things of God. Teachers Old word from αποστολος — didaskō to teach. Used to the Baptist (Luke 3:12), to Jesus (John 3:10; John 13:13), and of Paul by himself along with επειτα δυναμεις — apostolos (1 Timothy 2:7). It is a calamity when the preacher is no longer a teacher, but only an exhorter. See note on Ephesians 4:11. Then miracles (δυναμεισ ιαμητων γλωσσων — epeita dunameis). Here a change is made from the concrete to the abstract. See the reverse in Romans 12:7. See these words (γλωσσων — dunameisαντιλημπσεις — iamētōnαντιλαμβανομαι — glōssōn) in 1 Corinthians 12:9, 1 Corinthians 12:10 with κυβερνησεις — glōssōn last again. But these two new terms (helps, governments). Helps Old word, from Κυβερνητης — antilambanomai to lay hold of. In lxx, common in papyri, here only in N.T. Probably refers to the work of the deacons, help rendered to the poor and the sick. Governments (επισχοποι — kubernēseis). Old word from πρεσβυτεροι — kubernaō (cf. οι προισταμενοι — Kubernētēs in Acts 27:11) like Latin gubernare, our govern. So a governing. Probably Paul has in mind bishops (οι ηγουμενοι — episcopoi) or elders (presbuteroi), the outstanding leaders (hoi proistamenoi in 1 Thessalonians 5:12; Romans 12:8; hoi hēgoumenoi in Acts 15:22; Hebrews 13:7, Hebrews 13:17, Hebrews 13:24). Curiously enough, these two offices (pastors and deacons) which are not named specifically are the two that survive today. See note on Philemon 1:1 for both officers. [source]
1 Corinthians 12:28 Teachers [διδασκω]
Old word from αποστολος — didaskō to teach. Used to the Baptist (Luke 3:12), to Jesus (John 3:10; John 13:13), and of Paul by himself along with επειτα δυναμεις — apostolos (1 Timothy 2:7). It is a calamity when the preacher is no longer a teacher, but only an exhorter. See note on Ephesians 4:11. Then miracles (δυναμεισ ιαμητων γλωσσων — epeita dunameis). Here a change is made from the concrete to the abstract. See the reverse in Romans 12:7. See these words (γλωσσων — dunameisαντιλημπσεις — iamētōnαντιλαμβανομαι — glōssōn) in 1 Corinthians 12:9, 1 Corinthians 12:10 with κυβερνησεις — glōssōn last again. But these two new terms (helps, governments). Helps Old word, from Κυβερνητης — antilambanomai to lay hold of. In lxx, common in papyri, here only in N.T. Probably refers to the work of the deacons, help rendered to the poor and the sick. Governments (επισχοποι — kubernēseis). Old word from πρεσβυτεροι — kubernaō (cf. οι προισταμενοι — Kubernētēs in Acts 27:11) like Latin gubernare, our govern. So a governing. Probably Paul has in mind bishops (οι ηγουμενοι — episcopoi) or elders (presbuteroi), the outstanding leaders (hoi proistamenoi in 1 Thessalonians 5:12; Romans 12:8; hoi hēgoumenoi in Acts 15:22; Hebrews 13:7, Hebrews 13:17, Hebrews 13:24). Curiously enough, these two offices (pastors and deacons) which are not named specifically are the two that survive today. See note on Philemon 1:1 for both officers. [source]
1 Corinthians 12:28 Helps [κυβερναω]
Old word, from Κυβερνητης — antilambanomai to lay hold of. In lxx, common in papyri, here only in N.T. Probably refers to the work of the deacons, help rendered to the poor and the sick. Governments (επισχοποι — kubernēseis). Old word from πρεσβυτεροι — kubernaō (cf. οι προισταμενοι — Kubernētēs in Acts 27:11) like Latin gubernare, our govern. So a governing. Probably Paul has in mind bishops (οι ηγουμενοι — episcopoi) or elders (presbuteroi), the outstanding leaders (hoi proistamenoi in 1 Thessalonians 5:12; Romans 12:8; hoi hēgoumenoi in Acts 15:22; Hebrews 13:7, Hebrews 13:17, Hebrews 13:24). Curiously enough, these two offices (pastors and deacons) which are not named specifically are the two that survive today. See note on Philemon 1:1 for both officers. [source]
Galatians 6:5 His own burden [τὸ ἴδιον φορτίον]
For ἴδιον ownsee on 1 Timothy 6:1. With φορτίον burdencomp. βάρη burdens Galatians 6:2. It is doubtful whether any different shade of meaning is intended. Originally βάρη emphasizes the weight of the burden, φορτίον simply notes the fact that it is something to be born ( φέρειν ), which may be either light or heavy. See Matthew 11:30; Matthew 23:4; Psalm 37:4; Luke 11:46. Comp. Acts 27:10, the lading of a ship. [source]
Galatians 6:5 Each shall bear his own burden [το ιδιον πορτιον βαστασει]
Πορτιον — Phortion is old word for ship‘s cargo (Acts 27:10). Christ calls his πορτιον — phortion light, though he terms those of the Pharisees heavy (Matthew 23:4), meant for other people. The terms are thus not always kept distinct, though Paul does make a distinction here from the βαρη — barē in Galatians 6:2. [source]
Ephesians 3:18 May be able [ἐξισχύσητε]
Rev., may be strong. This compound verb occurs only here. The preposition ἐξ has the force of fully or eminently. Ἱσχύς is strength embodied; inhering in organized power. Hence it is an advance on δυνάμει mightin Ephesians 3:16(see note). Paul prays that the inward might or virtue may issue in ability to grasp. Compare Luke 14:30(note); Luke 16:3(note); Acts 27:16(note); James 5:16(note). [source]
Ephesians 1:11 We were made a heritage [εκληρωτημεν]
First aorist passive of κληροω — klēroō an old word, to assign by lot Purpose (προτεσιν — prothesin). Common substantive from προτιτημι — protithēmi a setting before as in Acts 11:23; Acts 27:13. [source]
Ephesians 1:11 Purpose [προτεσιν]
Common substantive from προτιτημι — protithēmi a setting before as in Acts 11:23; Acts 27:13. [source]
Philippians 3:7 Have I counted [ηγημαι]
Perfect middle indicative, state of completion and still true. Loss (ζημιαν — zēmian). Old word for damage, loss. In N.T. only in Phil. and Acts 27:10, Acts 27:21. Debit side of the ledger, not credit. [source]
Philippians 3:7 Loss [ζημιαν]
Old word for damage, loss. In N.T. only in Phil. and Acts 27:10, Acts 27:21. Debit side of the ledger, not credit. [source]
1 Thessalonians 4:4 That every one of you should know how to possess his vessel, etc. [εἰδέναι ἕκαστον ὑμῶν τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος κτᾶσθαι]
The interpretation of 1 Thessalonians 4:3-6usually varies between two explanations: 1. making the whole passage refer to fornication and adultery: 2. limiting this reference to 1 Thessalonians 4:3-5, and making 1 Thessalonians 4:6refer to honesty in business. Both are wrong. The entire passage exhibits two groups of parallel clauses; the one concerning sexual, and the other business relations. Thus: 1. Abstain from fornication: deal honorably with your wives. 2. Pursue your business as holy men, not with covetous greed as the heathen: do not overreach or defraud. A comma should be placed after σκεῦος vesseland κτᾶσθαι procureor acquire, instead of being made dependent on εἰδέναι knowshould begin a new clause. Render, that every one of you treat his own wife honorably. Εἰδέναι isused Hebraistically in the sense of have a care for, regard, as 1 Thessalonians 5:12, “Know them that labor,” etc.: recognize their claim to respect, and hold them in due regard. Comp. Genesis 39:6: Potiphar οὐκ ᾔδει τῶν καθ ' αὑτὸν οὐδὲν “gave himself no concern about anything that he had.” 1 Samuel 2:12: the sons of Eli οὐκ εἰδότες τὸν κύριον “paying no respect to the Lord.” Exodus 1:8: Another King arose ὃς οὐκ ᾔδει τὸν Ἱωσήφ “who did not recognize or regard Joseph”: did not remember his services and the respect in which he had been held. Σκεῦος is sometimes explained as body, for which there is no evidence in N.T. In 2 Corinthians 4:7the sense is metaphorical. Neither in lxx nor Class. does it mean body. In lxx very often of the sacred vessels of worship: sometimes, as in Class., of the accoutrements of war. In N.T. occasionally, both in singular and plural, in the general sense of appliances, furniture, tackling. See Matthew 12:29; Luke 17:31; Acts 27:17; Hebrews 9:21. For the meaning vessel, see Luke 8:16; John 19:20; 2 Corinthians 4:7; Revelation 2:27. Here, metaphorically, for wife; comp. 1 Peter 3:7. It was used for wife in the coarse and literal sense by Rabbinical writers. The admonition aptly follows the charge to abstain from fornication. On the contrary, let each one treat honorably his own wife. The common interpretation is, “as a safeguard against fornication let every one know how to procure his own wife.” It is quite safe to say that such a sentence could never have proceeded from Paul. He never would have offset a charge to abstain from fornication with a counsel to be well informed in the way of obtaining a wife. When he does touch this subject, as he does in 1 Corinthians 7:2, he says, very simply, “to avoid fornication let every man have ( ἐχέτω ) his own wife”; not, know how to get one. Εἰδέναι knowas usually interpreted, is both superfluous and absurd. Besides, the question was not of procuring a wife, but of living honorably and decently with her, paying her the respect which was her right, and therefore avoiding illicit connections. [source]
2 Timothy 2:20 Vessels [σκεύη]
See on Matthew 12:29; see on Mark 3:27; see on Acts 9:15; see on Acts 27:17; see on 1 Peter 3:7. [source]
Titus 3:12 Artemas [Αρτεμαν]
Perhaps abbreviation of Artemidorus. Nothing more is known of him. Or Tychicus (η Τυχικον — ē Tuchikon). Paul‘s well-known disciple (Colossians 4:7; Ephesians 6:21; 2 Timothy 4:12). To Nicopolis Probably in Epirus, a good place for work in Dalmatia (2 Timothy 4:10). I have determined (κεκρικα — kekrika). Perfect active indicative. I have decided. To winter there First aorist active infinitive of παραχειμαζω — paracheimazō a literary Koiné{[28928]}š word for which see note on Acts 27:12; note on 1 Corinthians 16:6. [source]
Titus 3:12 To Nicopolis [εις Νικοπολιν]
Probably in Epirus, a good place for work in Dalmatia (2 Timothy 4:10). I have determined (κεκρικα — kekrika). Perfect active indicative. I have decided. To winter there First aorist active infinitive of παραχειμαζω — paracheimazō a literary Koiné{[28928]}š word for which see note on Acts 27:12; note on 1 Corinthians 16:6. [source]
Titus 3:12 To winter there [εκει παραχειμασαι]
First aorist active infinitive of παραχειμαζω — paracheimazō a literary Koiné{[28928]}š word for which see note on Acts 27:12; note on 1 Corinthians 16:6. [source]
Titus 3:12 To winter [παραχειμάσαι]
Comp. Acts 27:12; Acts 28:11; 1 Corinthians 16:6. The noun παραχειμασία wintering Acts 27:12. [source]
Hebrews 4:16 Let us therefore draw near [προσερχωμετα ουν]
Present active middle volitive subjunctive of προσερχομαι — proserchomai “Let us keep on coming to” our high priest, this sympathizing and great high priest. Instead of deserting him, let us make daily use of him. This verb in Hebrews means reverent approach for worship (Hebrews 7:25; Hebrews 10:1, Hebrews 10:22; Hebrews 11:6). Unto the throne of grace This old word Hence we should come “with boldness” Telling Jesus the whole story of our shortcomings. That we may receive mercy Purpose clause with ινα — hina and second aorist active subjunctive of λαμβανω — lambanō And find grace Second aorist active subjunctive of ευρισκω — heuriskō We are sure to gain both of these aims because Jesus is our high priest on the throne. To help us in time of need οητεια — Boētheia is old word (from βοητεω — boētheō Hebrews 2:18 which see), in N.T. only here and Acts 27:17. Ευκαιρος — Eukairos is an old word also (ευ — eu well, καιρος — kairos opportunity), only here in N.T. “For well-timed help,” “for help in the nick of time,” before too late. [source]
1 Peter 3:7 Vessel [σκεύει]
Compare 1 Thessalonians 4:4. The primary idea of vessel, which is formed from the Latin vasellum, the diminutive of vas, a vase, is that of the receptacle which covers and contains; the case or protecting cover. Hence it is allied, etymologically, with vest, vestment, and wear. It is used in the New Testament (1) in the sense of a cup or dish (Luke 8:16; John 19:29; 2 Timothy 2:20; Revelation 2:27; Revelation 18:12). (2) Of the man, as containing the divine energy, or as a subject of divine mercy or wrath, and hence becoming a divine instrument. Thus Paul is a chosen vessel to bear God's name (Acts 9:15). Vessels of wrath (Romans 9:22); of mercy (Romans 9:23). So of the woman, as God's instrument, along with man, for his service in the family and in society. (3) Collectively, in the plural, of all the implements of any particular economy, as a house, or a ship. Matthew 12:29, goods; Acts 27:17, the tackling orgear of a ship. [source]
Revelation 18:17 Shipmaster [κυβερνήτης]
From κυβερνάω togovern. Strictly, steersman. Only here and Acts 27:11. [source]
Revelation 18:12 Vessel [σκεῦος]
See on 1 Peter 3:7, and see on Acts 9:15. Also see on goods, Matthew 12:29; see on Mark 3:27; and see on strake sail, Acts 27:17. [source]
Revelation 18:17 Shipmaster [κυβερνητης]
Old word (from κυβερναω — kubernaō to steer), helmsman, sailing-master, in N.T. only here and Acts 27:11. Subordinate to the ναυκληρος — nauklēros (supreme commander). [source]
Revelation 7:1 Standing [εστωτας]
Second perfect predicate participle of ιστημι — histēmi intransitive and followed by επι — epi and the accusative case γωνιας — gōnias as already in Revelation 3:20 Old word for angle (Matthew 6:5), also in Revelation 20:8.Holding Present active participle of κρατεω — krateō to hold fast (Mark 7:3; John 20:23). The four winds (cf. Matthew 24:31) are held prisoner by angels at each of the four corners. Some Jews held the winds from due north, south, east, west to be favourable, while those from the angles (see Acts 27:14) were unfavourable (Charles). There is an angel of the fire (Revelation 14:18) and an angel of the waters (Revelation 16:5).That no wind should blow (ινα μη πνεηι ανεμος — hina mē pneēi anemos). Negative purpose clause with ινα μη — hina mē and the present active subjunctive, “lest a wind keep on blowing.”Upon any tree Accusative case here with επι — epi rather than the preceding genitives (γησ ταλασσης — gēsthalassēs), “upon the land or upon the sea,” but “against any tree” (picture of attack on the tree like a tornado‘s path). [source]
Revelation 7:1 Holding [κρατουντας]
Present active participle of κρατεω — krateō to hold fast (Mark 7:3; John 20:23). The four winds (cf. Matthew 24:31) are held prisoner by angels at each of the four corners. Some Jews held the winds from due north, south, east, west to be favourable, while those from the angles (see Acts 27:14) were unfavourable (Charles). There is an angel of the fire (Revelation 14:18) and an angel of the waters (Revelation 16:5).That no wind should blow (ινα μη πνεηι ανεμος — hina mē pneēi anemos). Negative purpose clause with ινα μη — hina mē and the present active subjunctive, “lest a wind keep on blowing.”Upon any tree Accusative case here with επι — epi rather than the preceding genitives (γησ ταλασσης — gēsthalassēs), “upon the land or upon the sea,” but “against any tree” (picture of attack on the tree like a tornado‘s path). [source]

What do the individual words in Acts 27:1 mean?

When now was determined - sailing our to - Italy they delivered - both Paul and certain other prisoners to a centurion named Julius of the cohort of Augustus
Ὡς δὲ ἐκρίθη τοῦ ἀποπλεῖν ἡμᾶς εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν παρεδίδουν τόν τε Παῦλον καί τινας ἑτέρους δεσμώτας ἑκατοντάρχῃ ὀνόματι Ἰουλίῳ σπείρης Σεβαστῆς

δὲ  now 
Parse: Conjunction
Root: δέ  
Sense: but, moreover, and, etc.
ἐκρίθη  was  determined 
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Passive, 3rd Person Singular
Root: κρίνω  
Sense: to separate, put asunder, to pick out, select, choose.
τοῦ  - 
Parse: Article, Genitive Neuter Singular
Root:  
Sense: this, that, these, etc.
ἀποπλεῖν  sailing 
Parse: Verb, Present Infinitive Active
Root: ἀποπλέω  
Sense: to sail away, depart by ship, set sail.
ἡμᾶς  our 
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Accusative 1st Person Plural
Root: ἐγώ  
Sense: I, me, my.
τὴν  - 
Parse: Article, Accusative Feminine Singular
Root:  
Sense: this, that, these, etc.
Ἰταλίαν  Italy 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular
Root: Ἰταλία  
Sense: the whole peninsula between the Alps and the Straits of Messina.
παρεδίδουν  they  delivered 
Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural
Root: παραδίδωμι  
Sense: to give into the hands (of another).
τόν  - 
Parse: Article, Accusative Masculine Singular
Root:  
Sense: this, that, these, etc.
τε  both 
Parse: Conjunction
Root: τέ  
Sense: not only … but also.
Παῦλον  Paul 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular
Root: Παῦλος  
Sense: Paul was the most famous of the apostles and wrote a good part of the NT, the 4 Pauline epistles.
τινας  certain 
Parse: Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun, Accusative Masculine Plural
Root: τὶς  
Sense: a certain, a certain one.
ἑτέρους  other 
Parse: Adjective, Accusative Masculine Plural
Root: ἀλλοιόω 
Sense: the other, another, other.
δεσμώτας  prisoners 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Plural
Root: δεσμώτης  
Sense: one bound, a prisoner.
ἑκατοντάρχῃ  to  a  centurion 
Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Singular
Root: ἑκατοντάρχης 
Sense: an officer in the Roman army.
ὀνόματι  named 
Parse: Noun, Dative Neuter Singular
Root: ὄνομα  
Sense: name: univ.
Ἰουλίῳ  Julius 
Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Singular
Root: Ἰούλιος  
Sense: the centurion of “Augustus Band”, to whose charge Paul was delivered when he was sent prisoner from Caesarea to Rome.
σπείρης  of  the  cohort 
Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular
Root: σπεῖρα  
Sense: anything rolled into a circle or ball, anything wound, rolled up, folded together.
Σεβαστῆς  of  Augustus 
Parse: Adjective, Genitive Feminine Singular
Root: σεβαστός  
Sense: reverend, venerable.