KJV: Now all this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying,
YLT: And all this hath come to pass, that it may be fulfilled that was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying,
Darby: Now all this came to pass that that might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord, through the prophet, saying,
ASV: Now all this is come to pass, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying,
| Τοῦτο | This |
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Parse: Demonstrative Pronoun, Nominative Neuter Singular Root: οὗτος Sense: this. |
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| γέγονεν | has come to pass |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: γίνομαι Sense: to become, i. |
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| ἵνα | that |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: ἵνα Sense: that, in order that, so that. |
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| πληρωθῇ | may be fulfilled |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Subjunctive Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: πληρόω Sense: to make full, to fill up, i.e. to fill to the full. |
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| τὸ | that |
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Parse: Article, Nominative Neuter Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| ῥηθὲν | having been spoken |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Passive, Nominative Neuter Singular Root: λέγω Sense: to utter, speak, say. |
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| Κυρίου | the Lord |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: κύριος Sense: he to whom a person or thing belongs, about which he has power of deciding; master, lord. |
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| διὰ | through |
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Parse: Preposition Root: διά Sense: through. |
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| προφήτου | prophet |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: προφήτης Sense: in Greek writings, an interpreter of oracles or of other hidden things. |
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| λέγοντος | saying |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: λέγω Sense: to say, to speak. |
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Greek Commentary for Matthew 1:22
Alford says that “it is impossible to interpret ινα hina in any other sense than in order that.” That was the old notion, but modern grammarians recognize the non-final use of this particle in the Koiné and even the consecutive like the Latin ut. Some even argue for a causal use. If the context called for result, one need not hesitate to say so as in Mark 11:28; John 9:36; 1 John 1:9; Revelation 9:20; Revelation 13:13. See discussion in my Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research, pp. 997-9. All the same it is purpose here, God‘s purpose, Matthew reports the angel as saying, spoken “by (υπο hupo immediate agent) the Lord through (δια dia intermediate agent) the prophet.” [source]
The Hebrew word for young woman is translated by virgin See note on Matthew 2:15, Matthew 2:23; Matthew 4:14-17; Matthew 8:17; Matthew 12:17-21; Matthew 13:35; Matthew 21:4.; John 12:38.; John 13:18; John 19:24, John 19:28, John 19:36. [source]
So the Rev. rightly, instead of by. In quotations from the Old Testament, the writers habitually use the preposition διὰ (through ) to denote the instrumentality through which God works or speaks, while they reserve ὑπὸ (by ) to express the primary agency of God himself. So here the prophecy in Matthew 1:23was spoken by the Lord, but was communicated to men through his prophet. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Matthew 1:22
From κῦρος , supreme power, authority. Hence κύριος , one having authority, lord, owner, ruler. In classical Greek, used of the gods, and in inscriptions applied to different gods, as Hermes, Zeus, etc.; also of the head of the family, who is lord ( κύριος ) of the wife and children (1 Timothy 6:1, 1 Timothy 6:2; Titus 2:9; 1 Peter 2:18), and κύριος (Ephesians 6:9; Colossians 4:1). In the Septuagint it is used by Sarah of her husband (Genesis 3:6). Joseph is called lord of the country (Genesis 18:27; Exodus 4:10). In the New Testament it is a name for God (Matthew 1:20, Matthew 1:22, Matthew 1:24; Matthew 2:15; Acts 11:16; Acts 12:11, Acts 12:17; Revelation 1:8). As applied to Christ, it does not express his divine nature and power. These are indicated by some accompanying word or phrase, as my God (John 20:28); of all (Acts 10:36); to the glory of God the Father (Philemon 2:11); of glory (1 Corinthians 2:8); so that, as a title of Christ, Lord is used in the sense of Master or Ruler, or in address, Sir (Matthew 22:43, Matthew 22:45; Luke 2:11; Luke 6:46; John 13:13, John 13:14; 1 Corinthians 8:6). Ὁ κύριος , the Lord, is used of Christ by Matthew only once (Matthew 21:3) until after the resurrection (Matthew 28:6). In the other gospels and in the Acts it occurs far oftener. Nevertheless, in the progress of Christian thought in the New Testament, the meaning develops toward a specific designation of the divine Saviour, as may be seen in the phrases Jesus, Christ our Lord, Our Lord Jesus Christ, Our Lord, Jesus our Lord. -DIVIDER- -DIVIDER- [source]
Literally, through him. The preposition διά is generally used to denote the working of God through some secondary agency, as διὰ τοῦ προφήτου , through the prophet (Matthew 1:22, on which see note). It is the preposition by which the relation of Christ to creation is usually expressed (see 1 Corinthians 8:6; Colossians 1:16; Hebrews 1:2), though it is occasionally used of the Father (Hebrews 2:10; Romans 11:36, and Galatians 1:1, where it is used of both). Hence, as Godet remarks, it “does not lower the Word to the rank of a simple instrument,” but merely implies a different relation to creation on the part of the Father and the Son. [source]
The verb is used in the following senses: 1. To give a name, with ὄνομα name Matthew 1:21, Matthew 1:22, Matthew 1:25; Luke 1:13, Luke 1:31; without ὄνομα Luke 1:59, Luke 1:60. To salute by a name, Matthew 23:9; Matthew 22:43, Matthew 22:45. -DIVIDER- -DIVIDER- 2. Passive. To bear a name or title among men, Luke 1:35; Luke 22:25; 1 Corinthians 15:9. To be acknowledged or to pass as, Matthew 5:9, Matthew 5:19; James 2:23. -DIVIDER- -DIVIDER- 3. To invite, Matthew 22:3, Matthew 22:9; John 2:2; 1 Corinthians 10:27. To summon, Matthew 4:21; Acts 4:18; Acts 24:2. To call out from, Matthew 2:15; Hebrews 11:8; 1 Peter 2:9. -DIVIDER- -DIVIDER- 4. To appoint. Select for an office, Galatians 1:15; Hebrews 5:4; to salvation, Romans 9:11; Romans 8:30. -DIVIDER- -DIVIDER- 5. Of God's creative decree. To call forth from nothing, Isaiah 41:4; 2 Kings 8:1. -DIVIDER- -DIVIDER- In this last sense some explain the word here; but it can scarcely be said that God creates things that are not as actually existing. Others explain, God's disposing decree. He disposes of things that are not as though existing. The simplest explanation appears to be to give καλεῖν the sense of nameth, speaketh of. Compare Romans 9:7; Acts 7:5. The seed of Abraham “which were at present in the category of things which were not, and the nations which should spring physically or spiritually from him, God spoke of as having an existence, which word Abraham believed” (Alford). In this case there may properly be added the idea of the summons to the high destiny ordained for Abraham's seed. -DIVIDER- -DIVIDER- [source]
Through, by means of, intermediate agency like Matthew 1:22 which see. In the holy scriptures (εν γραπαις αγιαις en graphais hagiais). No article, yet definite. Perhaps the earliest use of the phrase (Sanday and Headlam). Paul definitely finds God‘s gospel in the Holy Scriptures. [source]
The genitive, governed by the preceding διὰ byor through. The idea is the same as an apostle by the will of God: 1 Corinthians 1:1; 2 Corinthians 1:1; Ephesians 1:1. Διὰ is used of secondary agency, as Matthew 1:22; Matthew 11:2; Luke 1:70; Acts 1:16; Hebrews 1:2. But we find διὰ θελήματος θεοῦ bythe will of God, Romans 15:32; 1 Corinthians 1:1; 2 Corinthians 1:1, etc., and διὰ θεοῦ byGod, Galatians 4:7. Also δἰ οὗ (God), 1 Corinthians 1:9; Hebrews 2:10. [source]