KJV: Men and brethren, this scripture must needs have been fulfilled, which the Holy Ghost by the mouth of David spake before concerning Judas, which was guide to them that took Jesus.
YLT: 'Men, brethren, it behoved this Writing that it be fulfilled that beforehand the Holy Spirit spake through the mouth of David, concerning Judas, who became guide to those who took Jesus,
Darby: Brethren, it was necessary that the scripture should have been fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit spoke before, by the mouth of David, concerning Judas, who became guide to those who took Jesus;
ASV: Brethren, it was needful that the Scripture should be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit spake before by the mouth of David concerning Judas, who was guide to them that took Jesus.
| Ἄνδρες | Men |
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Parse: Noun, Vocative Masculine Plural Root: ἀνήρ Sense: with reference to sex. |
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| ἀδελφοί | brothers |
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Parse: Noun, Vocative Masculine Plural Root: ἀδελφός Sense: a brother, whether born of the same two parents or only of the same father or mother. |
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| ἔδει | it was necessary for |
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Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: δεῖ Sense: it is necessary, there is need of, it behooves, is right and proper. |
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| πληρωθῆναι | to have been fulfilled |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Passive Root: πληρόω Sense: to make full, to fill up, i.e. to fill to the full. |
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| γραφὴν | Scripture |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: γραφή Sense: a writing, thing written. |
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| προεῖπεν | spoke beforehand |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: προλέγω Sense: to say before. |
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| Πνεῦμα | Spirit |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Neuter Singular Root: πνεῦμα Sense: a movement of air (a gentle blast. |
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| τὸ | - |
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Parse: Article, Nominative Neuter Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| Ἅγιον | Holy |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Neuter Singular Root: ἅγιος Sense: most holy thing, a saint. |
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| στόματος | [the] mouth |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Singular Root: στόμα Sense: the mouth, as part of the body: of man, of animals, of fish, etc. |
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| Δαυὶδ | of David |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: Δαβίδ Sense: second king of Israel, and ancestor of Jesus Christ. |
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| περὶ | concerning |
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Parse: Preposition Root: περί Sense: about, concerning, on account of, because of, around, near. |
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| Ἰούδα | Judas |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: Ἰούδας Sense: the fourth son of Jacob. |
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| τοῦ | the [one] |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| γενομένου | having become |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Middle, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: γίνομαι Sense: to become, i. |
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| ὁδηγοῦ | guide |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὁδηγός Sense: a leader of the way, a guide. |
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| τοῖς | to those |
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Parse: Article, Dative Masculine Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| συλλαβοῦσιν | having arrested |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Dative Masculine Plural Root: συλλαμβάνω Sense: to seize, take: one as prisoner. |
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| Ἰησοῦν | Jesus |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: Ἰησοῦς Sense: Joshua was the famous captain of the Israelites, Moses’ successor. |
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Greek Commentary for Acts 1:16
Literally, men, brethren or brother men. More dignified and respectful than just “brethren.” Demosthenes sometimes said Ανδρες Ατηναιοι Andres Athēnaioi Cf. our “gentlemen and fellow-citizens.” Women are included in this address though ανδρες andres refers only to men. [source]
Imperfect tense of the impersonal δει dei with the infinitive clause (first aorist passive) and the accusative of general reference as a loose subject. Peter here assumes that Jesus is the Messiah and finds scripture illustrative of the treachery of Judas. He applies it to Judas and quotes the two passages in Acts 1:20 (Psalm 69:25; Psalm 109:8). The Holy Spirit has not yet come upon them, but Peter feels moved to interpret the situation. He feels that his mind is opened by Jesus (Luke 24:45). It is a logical, not a moral, necessity that Peter points out. Peter here claims the Holy Spirit as speaking in the scriptures as he does in 2 Peter 1:21. His description of Judas as “guide” (οδηγου hodēgou) to those who seized (συλλαβουσιν sullabousin) Jesus is that of the base traitor that he was. This very verb occurs in Luke 22:54 of the arrest of Jesus. [source]
Lit., men, brothers. Brother-men. More dignified and solemn than the simple brethren. [source]
The best texts substitute the. See on Mark 12:10. [source]
Lit., The Spirit,the Holy. [source]
See on lead, Luke 6:39. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Acts 1:16
A passage of scripture: hence frequently this scripture; another scripture; the same scripture. Luke 4:21; John 19:37; Acts 1:16. [source]
This passage of scripture (Luke 4:21; John 19:37; Acts 1:16). It is a quotation from Psalm 118:22. See Matthew 21:42 for discussion. [source]
On this necessity attaching in the divine counsel to the sufferings, death, and resurrection of Jesus, see Matthew 26:54; Mark 8:31; Luke 9:22; Luke 17:25; Luke 22:37; Luke 24:7, Luke 24:26, Luke 24:44; John 3:14; John 12:34; Acts 1:16. [source]
From ὁδός , way, and ἡγέομαι , to lead. The kindred noun, ὁδηγός , guide, leader, occurs Matthew 15:14; Acts 1:16, etc. [source]
Explanatory use of γαρ gar The Scripture Probably Psalm 16:10. Jesus had repeatedly foretold his resurrection, but that was all forgotten in the great sorrow on their hearts. Only the chief priests and Pharisees recalled the words of Jesus (Matthew 27:62.). Must For this use of δει dei concerning Christ‘s death and resurrection see Mark 8:31; Matthew 26:54; Luke 9:22; Luke 17:25; Luke 22:37; Luke 24:7, Luke 24:26, Luke 24:44; John 3:14; John 12:34; Acts 1:16. Jesus had put emphasis on both the fact and the necessity of his resurrection which the disciples slowly perceived. [source]
Note μεν ουν men oun again without a corresponding δε de as in Acts 1:6. Acts 1:18, Acts 1:19 are a long parenthesis of Luke by way of explanation of the fate of Judas. In Acts 1:20 Peter resumes and quotes the scripture to which he referred in Acts 1:16. [source]
Verbal adjective from εκδιδωμι ekdidōmi to give out or over. Old word, but here only in the N.T. Delivered up by Judas, Peter means. By the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God (τηι ωρισμενηι βουληι και προγνωσηι του τεου tēi hōrismenēi boulēi kai prognōsēi tou theou). Instrumental case. Note both purpose (βουλη boulē) and foreknowledge (προγνωσις prognōsis) of God and “determined” (ωρισμενη hōrismenē perfect passive participle, state of completion). God had willed the death of Jesus (John 3:16) and the death of Judas (Acts 1:16), but that fact did not absolve Judas from his responsibility and guilt (Luke 22:22). He acted as a free moral agent. By the hand Luke is fond of these figures (hand, face, etc.) very much like the Hebrew though the vernacular of all languages uses them. Lawless men (ανομων anomōn). Men without law, who recognize no law for their conduct, like men in high and low stations today who defy the laws of God and man. Old word, very common in the lxx. Ye did crucify First aorist active participle of προσπηγνυμι prospēgnumi rare compound word in Dio Cassius and here only in the N.T. One must supply τωι σταυρωι tōi staurōi and so it means “fastened to the cross,” a graphic picture like Paul‘s “nailed to the cross” Second aorist active indicative with first aorist vowel α a instead of ο o as is common in the Koiné. This verb αναιρεω anaireō to take up, is often used for kill as in Acts 12:2. Note Peter‘s boldness now under the power of the Holy Spirit. He charges the people to their faces with the death of Christ. [source]
Instrumental case. Note both purpose God had willed the death of Jesus (John 3:16) and the death of Judas (Acts 1:16), but that fact did not absolve Judas from his responsibility and guilt (Luke 22:22). He acted as a free moral agent. [source]
The genitive, governed by the preceding διὰ byor through. The idea is the same as an apostle by the will of God: 1 Corinthians 1:1; 2 Corinthians 1:1; Ephesians 1:1. Διὰ is used of secondary agency, as Matthew 1:22; Matthew 11:2; Luke 1:70; Acts 1:16; Hebrews 1:2. But we find διὰ θελήματος θεοῦ bythe will of God, Romans 15:32; 1 Corinthians 1:1; 2 Corinthians 1:1, etc., and διὰ θεοῦ byGod, Galatians 4:7. Also δἰ οὗ (God), 1 Corinthians 1:9; Hebrews 2:10. [source]
Comp. 2 Timothy 3:16. To the Jews ἡ γραφή signified the O.T. canon of Scripture; but in most cases ἡ γραφή is used of a particular passage of Scripture which is indicated in the context. See John 7:38, John 7:42; Acts 1:16; Acts 8:32, Acts 8:35; Romans 4:3; Romans 9:17; Romans 10:11; Galatians 3:8. Where the reference is to the sacred writings as a whole, the plural γραφαὶ or αἱ γραφαὶ is used, as Matthew 21:42; Luke 24:32; John 5:39; Romans 15:4. Once γραφαὶ ἅγιαι holyScriptures, Romans 1:2. Ἑτέρα γραφὴ anotheror a different Scripture, John 19:37; ἡ γραφὴ αὕτη this Scripture, Luke 4:21; πᾶσα γραφὴ everyScripture, 2 Timothy 3:16. See on writings, John 2:22. The passage cited here is Deuteronomy 25:4, also by Paul, 1 Corinthians 9:9. [source]
Late adverb, here alone in N.T., from verbal adjective ρητος rētos (from root ρεω reō). The reference is to the Holy Spirit, but whether to O.T. prophecy (Acts 1:16) or to some Christian utterance (2 Thessalonians 2:2; 1 Corinthians 14:1.) we do not know. Parry recalls the words of Jesus in Matthew 24:10, Matthew 24:24. [source]