The Meaning of Jeremiah 51:11 Explained

Jeremiah 51:11

KJV: Make bright the arrows; gather the shields: the LORD hath raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes: for his device is against Babylon, to destroy it; because it is the vengeance of the LORD, the vengeance of his temple.

YLT: Cleanse ye the arrows, fill the shields, Stirred up hath Jehovah the spirit of the kings of Madia, For against Babylon His device is to destroy it, For the vengeance of Jehovah it is, The vengeance of His temple.

Darby: Sharpen the arrows; take the shields. Jehovah hath stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes; for his purpose is against Babylon, to destroy it; for this is the vengeance of Jehovah, the vengeance of his temple.

ASV: Make sharp the arrows; hold firm the shields: Jehovah hath stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes; because his purpose is against Babylon, to destroy it: for it is the vengeance of Jehovah, the vengeance of his temple.

KJV Reverse Interlinear

Make bright  the arrows;  gather  the shields:  the LORD  hath raised up  the spirit  of the kings  of the Medes:  for his device  [is] against Babylon,  to destroy  it; because it [is] the vengeance  of the LORD,  the vengeance  of his temple. 

What does Jeremiah 51:11 Mean?

Verse Meaning

This oracle names the "Medes" as God"s instrument to destroy Babylon, as punishment for their destroying His temple. The fall of Babylon to the Medes was a fulfillment of this prophecy, but it did not fulfill all the prophecies about the fall of Babylon in these chapters. The Medes lived north of Babylon (in modern northwest Iran, Iranian Kurdistan). The Medes had been allies of the Babylonians in the destruction of Nineveh, the capital of the Assyrian Empire, in612 B.C. Seventy-three years later, they joined with the Persians to defeat Babylon, in539 B.C. (cf. Daniel 5:28; Daniel 5:31; Daniel 8:20).
"In550 B.C. Cyrus the Persian ruler invaded the region [1] and subjugated it.... There is some evidence that about561-560 B.C. an invasion of Babylon by the Medes was expected. We have no historical evidence of any outcome. [2] On the other hand the term Medes may be a general one. It is known that the mother of Cyrus the Persian was a Mede, and the Medes and Persians were linked together several times in the book of Daniel (e.g, Daniel 5:28; Daniel 6:8; Daniel 6:12; Daniel 6:15). In that case the reference here may be to Cyrus, but the matter is still open to debate (cf. Isaiah 13:17)." [3]

Chapter Summary: Jeremiah 51

1  The severe judgment of God against Babylon, in revenge of Israel
59  Jeremiah delivers the book of this prophecy to Seraiah, to be cast into Euphrates,
64  in token of the perpetual sinking of Babylon

What do the individual words in Jeremiah 51:11 mean?

Make bright the arrows Gather the shields has raised up Yahweh - the spirit of the kings of the Medes for against Babylon His plan [is] to destroy it because the vengeance of Yahweh it [is] the vengeance for His temple
הָבֵ֣רוּ הַחִצִּים֮ מִלְא֣וּ ! הַשְּׁלָטִים֒ הֵעִ֣יר יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־ ר֙וּחַ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י כִּֽי־ עַל־ בָּבֶ֥ל מְזִמָּת֖וֹ לְהַשְׁחִיתָ֑הּ כִּֽי־ נִקְמַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ הִ֔יא נִקְמַ֖ת הֵיכָלֽוֹ

הָבֵ֣רוּ  Make  bright 
Parse: Verb, Hifil, Imperative, masculine plural
Root: בָּרוּר 
Sense: to purify, select, polish, choose, purge, cleanse or make bright, test or prove.
הַחִצִּים֮  the  arrows 
Parse: Article, Noun, masculine plural
Root: חֵץ  
Sense: arrow.
מִלְא֣וּ  Gather 
Parse: Verb, Qal, Imperative, masculine plural
Root: מָלֵא 
Sense: to fill, be full.
! הַשְּׁלָטִים֒  the  shields 
Parse: Article, Noun, masculine plural
Root: שֶׁלֶט  
Sense: shield.
הֵעִ֣יר  has  raised  up 
Parse: Verb, Hifil, Perfect, third person masculine singular
Root: עוּר 
Sense: to rouse oneself, awake, awaken, incite.
יְהוָ֗ה  Yahweh 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: יהוה 
Sense: the proper name of the one true God.
אֶת־  - 
Parse: Direct object marker
Root: אֹות 
Sense: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative.
ר֙וּחַ֙  the  spirit 
Parse: Noun, common singular construct
Root: רוּחַ  
Sense: wind, breath, mind, spirit.
מַלְכֵ֣י  of  the  kings 
Parse: Noun, masculine plural construct
Root: מֶלֶךְ 
Sense: king.
מָדַ֔י  of  the  Medes 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: מָדַי  
Sense: a people descended from the son of Japheth and who inhabited the territory of Media.
עַל־  against 
Parse: Preposition
Root: עַל 
Sense: upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against.
בָּבֶ֥ל  Babylon 
Parse: Proper Noun, feminine singular
Root: בָּבֶל  
Sense: Babel or Babylon, the ancient site and/or capital of Babylonia (modern Hillah) situated on the Euphrates.
מְזִמָּת֖וֹ  His  plan  [is] 
Parse: Noun, feminine singular construct, third person masculine singular
Root: מְזִמָּה  
Sense: purpose, discretion, device, plot.
לְהַשְׁחִיתָ֑הּ  to  destroy  it 
Parse: Preposition-l, Verb, Hifil, Infinitive construct, third person feminine singular
Root: שָׁחַת  
Sense: to destroy, corrupt, go to ruin, decay.
כִּֽי־  because 
Parse: Conjunction
Root: כִּי 
Sense: that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since.
נִקְמַ֤ת  the  vengeance 
Parse: Noun, feminine singular construct
Root: נְקָמָה  
Sense: vengeance.
יְהוָה֙  of  Yahweh 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: יהוה 
Sense: the proper name of the one true God.
הִ֔יא  it  [is] 
Parse: Pronoun, third person feminine singular
Root: הוּא 
Sense: he, she, it.
נִקְמַ֖ת  the  vengeance  for 
Parse: Noun, feminine singular construct
Root: נְקָמָה  
Sense: vengeance.
הֵיכָלֽוֹ  His  temple 
Parse: Noun, masculine singular construct, third person masculine singular
Root: הֵיכָל  
Sense: palace, temple, nave, sanctuary.