In this litigation speech, Micah called his audience to hear what Yahweh had told him to say. Yahweh had a case (lawsuit, Heb. rib) to bring against His people. The Lord was summoning Israel to defend herself in a courtroom setting. He addressed the mountains, hills, and foundations of the earth as the jury in this case (cf. Deuteronomy 32:1; Isaiah 1:2). The Lord called this jury, which had observed Israel"s history from its beginning, to hear His indictment against the nation. Compare the function of memorial stones ( Genesis 31:43-50; Joshua 22:21-28). If these jurors could speak, they would witness to the truthfulness of the Lord"s claims. [source][source][source]