The Meaning of 1 Samuel 8:1 Explained

1 Samuel 8:1

KJV: And it came to pass, when Samuel was old, that he made his sons judges over Israel.

YLT: And it cometh to pass, when Samuel is aged, that he maketh his sons judges over Israel.

Darby: And it came to pass when Samuel was old, that he made his sons judges over Israel.

ASV: And it came to pass, when Samuel was old, that he made his sons judges over Israel.

KJV Reverse Interlinear

And it came to pass, when Samuel  was old,  that he made  his sons  judges  over Israel. 

What does 1 Samuel 8:1 Mean?

Context Summary

1Sa 8:1-9 - Seeking A King Like Other Nations
The sin that Samuel, as a lad, rebuked in Eli, reappeared in his own family and undermined his influence. The names of Samuel's sons are suggestive of his own piety-"Jehovah is God" and "Jehovah is my Father"-but, alas, they failed to walk in His steps! It was a mistake to delegate authority to men whose character was corrupt, and this precipitated the desire of Israel for a king. They failed to value the glory and strength of their position as a theocracy-a nation directly ruled by God-and craved to be as other nations. This finally led to their undoing. Be not conformed to the world; or you will share in its condemnation as well as in its penalty, Hosea 13:9-11.
Samuel felt the rebuff keenly, but ultimately he took the one wise step of laying the whole matter before the Lord. It is a good example! When the heart is overwhelmed; when we are hemmed in by difficulty; when men rise up and breathe out cruelty against us, let us roll back our trouble on our Lord and Savior, who has identified Himself with our life. Tell Him all, though your heart is almost too broken for utterance. "He will be very gracious unto thee at the voice of thy cry," Isaiah 30:19. [source]

Chapter Summary: 1Sa 8

1  By occasion of the ill government of Samuel's sons, the Israelites ask a king
6  Samuel praying in grief is comforted by God
10  He tells the manner of a king
19  God wills Samuel to yield unto the importunity of the people

What do the individual words in 1 Samuel 8:1 mean?

And it came to pass when was old Samuel that he made - his sons judges over Israel
וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר זָקֵ֖ן שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל וַיָּ֧שֶׂם אֶת־ בָּנָ֛יו שֹׁפְטִ֖ים לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל

וַיְהִ֕י  And  it  came  to  pass 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Consecutive imperfect, third person masculine singular
Root: אֶהְיֶה 
Sense: to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out.
זָקֵ֖ן  was  old 
Parse: Verb, Qal, Perfect, third person masculine singular
Root: זָקֵן  
Sense: to be old, become old.
שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל  Samuel 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: שְׁמוּאֵל  
Sense: son of Elkanah by his wife Hannah and judge or prophet of Israel during the days of Saul and David.
וַיָּ֧שֶׂם  that  he  made 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Consecutive imperfect, third person masculine singular
Root: שׂוּמָה 
Sense: to put, place, set, appoint, make.
אֶת־  - 
Parse: Direct object marker
Root: אֹות 
Sense: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative.
בָּנָ֛יו  his  sons 
Parse: Noun, masculine plural construct, third person masculine singular
Root: בֵּן 
Sense: son, grandson, child, member of a group.
שֹׁפְטִ֖ים  judges 
Parse: Verb, Qal, Participle, masculine plural
Root: שָׁפַט  
Sense: to judge, govern, vindicate, punish.
לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל  over  Israel 
Parse: Preposition-l, Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: יִשְׂרָאֵל  
Sense: the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel.