The Mosaic Law required the Israelites to tithe grain, wine, and oil ( Deuteronomy 14:22-29). How far they had to take this was a matter of debate. Jesus did not discourage scrupulous observance of this law. He directed His condemnation to the leaders" failure to observe more important "weightier" commands in the Law while dickering over which specific plants, spices, and seeds to tithe. He went back to Micah 6:8 for the three primary duties that God requires. He probably chose the gnat (Gr. qalma) and the camel (Gr. gamla) as examples because of their sizes and their similar sounding names. [source][source][source]
"It is usually the case that legalists are sticklers for details, but blind to great principles. This crowd thought nothing of condemning an innocent Prayer of Manasseh , yet they were afraid to enter Pilate"s judgment hall lest they be defiled ( John 18:28)." [1][source]
This judgment constitutes the center of the chiasm and the most important failure of the scribes and Pharisees. They were distorting the will of God as He had revealed it in Scripture (cf. Matthew 9:9-13; Matthew 12:1-14). This distortion resulted in erroneous doctrine (woes3,5) that resulted in disastrous practice (woes2,6) that resulted in kingdom postponement (woes1,7). [source][source][source]
It is important to recognize that Scripture reveals God"s will and that we should never elevate the authority of human interpretations to the level of Scripture itself. However, it is also important to recognize that within Scripture some commands are more important than others and that we should observe these distinctions and not confuse them. This involves wisdom and balance in interpretation and application. [source][source][source]
Modern teachers and preachers of God"s Word can commit many of the errors that marked the Pharisees. However, we need to remember that the Pharisees did not believe that Jesus was the divine Messiah. [source][source][source]