KJV: For every kind of beasts, and of birds, and of serpents, and of things in the sea, is tamed, and hath been tamed of mankind:
YLT: For every nature, both of beasts and of fowls, both of creeping things and things of the sea, is subdued, and hath been subdued, by the human nature,
Darby: For every species both of beasts and of birds, both of creeping things and of sea animals, is tamed and has been tamed by the human species;
ASV: For every kind of beasts and birds, of creeping things and things in the sea, is tamed, and hath been tamed by mankind.
| φύσις | kinds |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Feminine Singular Root: φύσις Sense: nature. |
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| θηρίων | of beasts |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Plural Root: θηρίον Sense: an animal. |
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| τε | both |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: τέ Sense: not only … but also. |
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| πετεινῶν | of birds |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Plural Root: πετεινόν Sense: flying, winged. |
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| ἑρπετῶν | of creeping things |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Plural Root: ἑρπετόν Sense: a creeping animal, reptile. |
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| ἐναλίων | things of the sea |
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Parse: Adjective, Genitive Neuter Plural Root: ἐνάλιος Sense: that which is in the sea, marine. |
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| δαμάζεται | is subdued |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: δαμάζω Sense: to tame. |
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| δεδάμασται | has been subdued |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Indicative Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: δαμάζω Sense: to tame. |
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| τῇ | by the |
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Parse: Article, Dative Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| φύσει | race |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Singular Root: φύσις Sense: nature. |
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| τῇ | of the |
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Parse: Article, Dative Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| ἀνθρωπίνῃ | human |
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Parse: Adjective, Dative Feminine Singular Root: ἀνθρώπινος Sense: human. |
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Greek Commentary for James 3:7
Old word from πυω phuō order of nature (Romans 1:26), here of all animals and man, in 2 Peter 1:4 of God and redeemed men. [source]
Old word diminutive from τηρ thēr and so “little beasts” originally, then wild animals in general (Mark 1:13), or quadrupeds as here. These four classes of animals come from Genesis 9:2.Birds (πετεινων peteinōn). Old word for flying animals (from πετομαι petomai to word from ερπω herpō to crawl (Latin serpo), hence serpents.Things in the sea Old adjective Present passive indicative of δεδαμασται damazō old verb kin to Latin dominus and English tame, in N.T. only in this passage and Mark 5:4. The present tense gives the general picture of the continuous process through the ages of man‘s lordship over the animals as stated in Genesis 1:28.Hath been tamed Perfect passive indicative of the same verb, repeated to present the state of conquest in some cases (domestic animals, for instance).By mankind (πυσις tēi phusei tēi anthrōpinēi). Instrumental case with repeated article and repetition also of αντρωπινος phusis “by the nature the human.” For anthrōpinos see Acts 17:25. [source]
Old word for flying animals (from πετομαι petomai to word from ερπω herpō to crawl (Latin serpo), hence serpents. [source]
Old adjective Present passive indicative of δεδαμασται damazō old verb kin to Latin dominus and English tame, in N.T. only in this passage and Mark 5:4. The present tense gives the general picture of the continuous process through the ages of man‘s lordship over the animals as stated in Genesis 1:28.Hath been tamed Perfect passive indicative of the same verb, repeated to present the state of conquest in some cases (domestic animals, for instance).By mankind (πυσις tēi phusei tēi anthrōpinēi). Instrumental case with repeated article and repetition also of αντρωπινος phusis “by the nature the human.” For anthrōpinos see Acts 17:25. [source]
Present passive indicative of δεδαμασται damazō old verb kin to Latin dominus and English tame, in N.T. only in this passage and Mark 5:4. The present tense gives the general picture of the continuous process through the ages of man‘s lordship over the animals as stated in Genesis 1:28. [source]
Perfect passive indicative of the same verb, repeated to present the state of conquest in some cases (domestic animals, for instance).By mankind (πυσις tēi phusei tēi anthrōpinēi). Instrumental case with repeated article and repetition also of αντρωπινος phusis “by the nature the human.” For anthrōpinos see Acts 17:25. [source]
Instrumental case with repeated article and repetition also of αντρωπινος phusis “by the nature the human.” For anthrōpinos see Acts 17:25. [source]
Wrong. James is not speaking of the relation between individual men and individual beasts, but of the relation between the nature of man and that of beasts, which may be different in different beasts. Hence, as Rev., in margin, nature. [source]
Quadrupeds. Not beasts generally, nor wild beasts only. In Acts 28:4, Acts 28:5, the word is used of the viper which fastened on Paul's hand. In Peter's vision (Acts 10:19; Acts 11:6) there is a different classification from the one here; quadrupeds being denoted by a specific term, τετράποδα , four-footed creatures. There θηρία includes fishes, which in this passage are classed as ἐναλίων , things in the sea. [source]
Rather, by the nature of man, φύσις , as before, denoting the generic character. Every nature of beasts is tamed by the nature of man. Compare the fine chorus in the “Antigone” of Sophocles, 343-352:“The thoughtless tribe of birds,The beasts that roam the fields The brood in sea-depths born,-DIVIDER- He takes them all in nets,-DIVIDER- Knotted in snaring mesh,-DIVIDER- Man, wonderful in skill. -DIVIDER- -DIVIDER- And by his subtle arts-DIVIDER- He holds in sway the beasts-DIVIDER- That roam the fields or tread the mountain's height-DIVIDER- And brings the binding yoke-DIVIDER- Upon the neck of horse with shaggy mane,-DIVIDER- Or bull on mountain crest,Untamable in strength.” [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for James 3:7
The word means what belongs to men, human. It occurs mostly in this epistle; once in Romans 6:19, meaning after the manner of men, popularly (see note). See James 3:7; 1 Peter 2:13; 1 Corinthians 2:4, 1 Corinthians 2:13; 1 Corinthians 4:3. It may mean here a temptation which is human, i.e., incident or common to man, as A.V., or, inferentially, a temptation adapted to human strength; such as man can bear, Rev. The words are added as an encouragement, to offset the warning “let him that thinketh,” etc. They are in danger and must watch, but the temptation will not be beyond their strength. [source]
Dative case of old and common word κτισις ktisis (from κτιζω ktizō to create, to found), act of creation (Romans 1:20), a creature or creation (Romans 1:25), all creation (Colossians 1:15), an institution as here (in Pindar so). For αντρωπινος anthrōpinos (human) see James 3:7. Peter here approves no special kind of government, but he supports law and order as Paul does (Romans 13:1-8) unless it steps in between God and man (Acts 4:20).For the Lord‘s sake (δια τον κυριον dia ton kurion). For Jesus‘ sake. That is reason enough for the Christian not to be an anarchist (Matthew 22:21). The heathen were keen to charge the Christians with any crime after Nero set the fashion. “It should not be forgotten that, in spite of the fine language of the philosophers, the really popular religions in Greece and Rome were forms of devil-worship, intimately blended with magic in all its grades” (Bigg).As supreme Dative singular of present active participle of υπερεχω huperechō old verb (intransitive), to stand out above (to have it over), as in Romans 13:1. It is not the divine right of kings, but the fact of the king as the outstanding ruler. [source]