KJV: Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone;
YLT: wherefore? because -- not by faith, but as by works of law; for they did stumble at the stone of stumbling,
Darby: Wherefore? Because it was not on the principle of faith, but as of works. They have stumbled at the stumblingstone,
ASV: Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by works. They stumbled at the stone of stumbling;
διὰ | Because of |
Parse: Preposition Root: διά Sense: through. |
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τί | why |
Parse: Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun, Accusative Neuter Singular Root: τίς Sense: who, which, what. |
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ὅτι | Because [it was] |
Parse: Conjunction Root: ὅτι Sense: that, because, since. |
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πίστεως | faith |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: πίστις Sense: conviction of the truth of anything, belief; in the NT of a conviction or belief respecting man’s relationship to God and divine things, generally with the included idea of trust and holy fervour born of faith and joined with it. |
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ἔργων | works |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Plural Root: ἔργον Sense: business, employment, that which any one is occupied. |
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προσέκοψαν | They stumbled |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: προσκόπτω Sense: to strike against. |
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τῷ | over the |
Parse: Article, Dative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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λίθῳ | stone |
Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Singular Root: λίθος Sense: a stone. |
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τοῦ | - |
Parse: Article, Genitive Neuter Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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προσκόμματος | of stumbling |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Singular Root: πρόσκομμα Sense: a stumbling block. |
Greek Commentary for Romans 9:32
The quotation is from Isaiah 8:14. Προσκοπτω Proskoptō means to cut (κοπτω koptō) against (προς pros) as in Matthew 4:6; John 11:9. The Jews found Christ a σκανδαλον skandalon (1 Corinthians 1:23). [source]
A.V. and Rev. supply the ellipsis, they sought it not. [source]
“In their foolish course Israel thought they were advancing on a clear path, and lo! all at once there was found in this way an obstacle upon which they were broken; and this obstacle was the very Messiah whom they had so long invoked in all their prayers” (Godet). [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Romans 9:32
Compare Romans 9:32, Romans 9:33; Romans 14:20. Σκάνδαλον occasionof falling is also rendered stumbling-block in other passages. Some regard the two as synonymous, others as related to different results in the case of the injured brother. So Godet, who refers stumbling-block to that which results in a wound, and cause of stumbling to that which causes a fall or sin. [source]
Articular present active infinitive of τιτημι tithēmi in apposition with τουτο touto accusative case after κρινατε krinate “Judge this rather, the not putting a stumbling block (see note on Romans 9:32 for προσκομμα proskomma) or a trap (σκανδαλον skandalon Romans 9:33) for his brother” (αδελπωι adelphōi dative of disadvantage). [source]
See on perceived, Acts 4:13, and see on taketh, Mark 9:18; see on John 1:5. Compare attained ( ἔφθασεν , Romans 9:31). Rev., arrive at. See on Matthew 12:28. The meaning is substantially the same, only the imagery in the two words differs; the former being that of laying hold of a prize, and the latter of arriving at a goal. The latter is appropriate to following after, and is carried out in stumbling (Romans 9:32). [source]
Lit. out of the works, etc. Comp. Romans 3:20. Works are characteristic of a legal dispensation. Paul often puts “works” alone as representing legal righteousness. See Romans 4:2, Romans 4:6; Romans 9:11, Romans 9:32; Romans 11:6; Ephesians 2:9. [source]
Peter now quotes Isaiah 8:14 and gives a new turn to the previous quotation. To the disbelieving, Christ was indeed “a stone of stumbling (λιτος προσκομματος lithos proskommatos) and rock of offence (πετρα σκανδαλου petra skandalou),” quoted also by Paul in Romans 9:32. See note on Romans 9:32 for discussion. Προσκομμα Proskomma (from προσκοπτω proskoptō to cut against) is an obstacle against which one strikes by accident, while σκανδαλον skandalon is a trap set to trip one, but both make one fall. Too much distinction need not be made between λιτος lithos (a loose stone in the path) and πετρα petra (a ledge rising out of the ground). [source]