KJV: That as sin hath reigned unto death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life by Jesus Christ our Lord.
YLT: that even as the sin did reign in the death, so also the grace may reign, through righteousness, to life age-during, through Jesus Christ our Lord.
Darby: in order that, even as sin has reigned in the power of death, so also grace might reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.
ASV: that, as sin reigned in death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.
| ἵνα | so that |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: ἵνα Sense: that, in order that, so that. |
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| ὥσπερ | just as |
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Parse: Adverb Root: ὥσπερ Sense: just as, even as. |
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| ἐβασίλευσεν | reigned |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: βασιλεύω Sense: to be king, to exercise kingly power, to reign. |
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| ἁμαρτία | sin |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Feminine Singular Root: ἁμαρτία Sense: equivalent to 264. |
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| τῷ | - |
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Parse: Article, Dative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| θανάτῳ | death |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Singular Root: θάνατος Sense: the death of the body. |
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| οὕτως | so |
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Parse: Adverb Root: οὕτως Sense: in this manner, thus, so. |
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| καὶ | also |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: καί Sense: and, also, even, indeed, but. |
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| ἡ | - |
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Parse: Article, Nominative Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| χάρις | grace |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Feminine Singular Root: χάρις Sense: grace. |
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| βασιλεύσῃ | might reign |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Subjunctive Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: βασιλεύω Sense: to be king, to exercise kingly power, to reign. |
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| διὰ | through |
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Parse: Preposition Root: διά Sense: through. |
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| δικαιοσύνης | righteousness |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: δικαιοσύνη Sense: in a broad sense: state of him who is as he ought to be, righteousness, the condition acceptable to God. |
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| εἰς | unto |
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Parse: Preposition Root: εἰς Sense: into, unto, to, towards, for, among. |
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| ζωὴν | life |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: ζωή Sense: life. |
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| αἰώνιον | eternal |
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Parse: Adjective, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: αἰώνιος Sense: without beginning and end, that which always has been and always will be. |
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| Ἰησοῦ | Jesus |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: Ἰησοῦς Sense: Joshua was the famous captain of the Israelites, Moses’ successor. |
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| Χριστοῦ | Christ |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: Χριστός Sense: Christ was the Messiah, the Son of God. |
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| Κυρίου | Lord |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: κύριος Sense: he to whom a person or thing belongs, about which he has power of deciding; master, lord. |
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| ἡμῶν | of us |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive 1st Person Plural Root: ἐγώ Sense: I, me, my. |
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Greek Commentary for Romans 5:21
Final ινα hina here, the purpose of God and the goal for us through Christ. Lightfoot notes the force of the aorist indicative (εβασιλευσεν ebasileusen established its throne) and the aorist subjunctive (βασιλευσηι basileusēi might establish its throne), the ingressive aorist both times. “This full rhetorical close has almost the value of a doxology” (Denney). [source]
Wrong. In death, as Rev. As the sphere or dominion of death's tyranny. Compare Romans 5:14, “death reigned.” Some, however, explain the preposition as instrumental, by death. How much is lost by the inaccurate rendering of the prepositions. Ellicott remarks that there are few points more characteristic of the apostle's style than his varied but accurate use of prepositions, especially of two or more in the same or in immediately contiguous clauses. See Romans 3:22; Ephesians 4:6; Colossians 1:16. [source]
“And now - so this last word seems to say - Adam has passed away; Christ alone remains” (Godet). [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Romans 5:21
Paul begins a comparison between the effects of Adam‘s sin and the effects of the redemptive work of Christ, but he does not give the second member of the comparison. Instead of that he discusses some problems about sin and death and starts over again in Romans 5:15. The general point is plain that the effects of Adam‘s sin are transmitted to his descendants, though he does not say how it was done whether by the natural or the federal headship of Adam. It is important to note that Paul does not say that the whole race receives the full benefit of Christ‘s atoning death, but only those who do. Christ is the head of all believers as Adam is the head of the race. In this sense Adam “is a figure of him that was to come.” Sin entered into the world (η αμαρτια εις τον κοσμον εισηλτεν hē hamartia eis ton kosmon eisēlthen). Personification of sin and represented as coming from the outside into the world of humanity. Paul does not discuss the origin of evil beyond this fact. There are some today who deny the fact of sin at all and who call it merely “an error of mortal mind” (a notion) while others regard it as merely an animal inheritance devoid of ethical quality. And so death passed unto all men Note use of διερχομαι dierchomai rather than εισερχομαι eiserchomai just before, second aorist active indicative in both instances. By “death” in Genesis 2:17; Genesis 3:19 physical death is meant, but in Romans 5:17, Romans 5:21 eternal death is Paul‘s idea and that lurks constantly behind physical death with Paul. For that all sinned (επ ωι παντες ημαρτον Ephesians' hōi pantes hēmarton). Constative (summary) aorist active indicative of αμαρτανω hamartanō gathering up in this one tense the history of the race (committed sin). The transmission from Adam became facts of experience. In the old Greek επ ωι Ephesians' hōi usually meant “on condition that,” but “because” in N.T. (Robertson, Grammar, p. 963). [source]
Note use of διερχομαι dierchomai rather than εισερχομαι eiserchomai just before, second aorist active indicative in both instances. By “death” in Genesis 2:17; Genesis 3:19 physical death is meant, but in Romans 5:17, Romans 5:21 eternal death is Paul‘s idea and that lurks constantly behind physical death with Paul. For that all sinned (επ ωι παντες ημαρτον Ephesians' hōi pantes hēmarton). Constative (summary) aorist active indicative of αμαρτανω hamartanō gathering up in this one tense the history of the race (committed sin). The transmission from Adam became facts of experience. In the old Greek επ ωι Ephesians' hōi usually meant “on condition that,” but “because” in N.T. (Robertson, Grammar, p. 963). [source]