KJV: For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope.
YLT: for, as many things as were written before, for our instruction were written before, that through the endurance, and the exhortation of the Writings, we might have the hope.
Darby: For as many things as have been written before have been written for our instruction, that through endurance and through encouragement of the scriptures we might have hope.
ASV: For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that through patience and through comfort of the scriptures we might have hope.
| ὅσα | Whatever |
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Parse: Personal / Relative Pronoun, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: ὅσος Sense: as great as, as far as, how much, how many, whoever. |
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| προεγράφη | was written in the past |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: προγράφω Sense: to write before (of time). |
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| τὴν | - |
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Parse: Article, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| ἡμετέραν | our |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Accusative Feminine 1st Person Plural Root: ἡμέτερος Sense: our, your. |
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| διδασκαλίαν | instruction |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: διδασκαλία Sense: teaching, instruction. |
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| ἐγράφη | was written |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: γράφω Sense: to write, with reference to the form of the letters. |
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| ἵνα | so that |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: ἵνα Sense: that, in order that, so that. |
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| διὰ | through |
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Parse: Preposition Root: διά Sense: through. |
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| τῆς | - |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| ὑπομονῆς | endurance |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ὑπομονή Sense: steadfastness, constancy, endurance. |
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| παρακλήσεως | encouragement |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: παράκλησις Sense: a calling near, summons, (esp. |
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| τῶν | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Feminine Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| γραφῶν | Scriptures |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Plural Root: γραφή Sense: a writing, thing written. |
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| ἐλπίδα | hope |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: ἐλπίς Sense: expectation of evil, fear. |
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| ἔχωμεν | we might have |
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Parse: Verb, Present Subjunctive Active, 1st Person Plural Root: ἔχω Sense: to have, i.e. to hold. |
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Greek Commentary for Romans 15:4
Second aorist passive indicative of προγραπω prographō old verb, in N.T. only here, Galatians 3:1 (which see); Ephesians 3:3; Judges 1:4. [source]
“For the instruction of us.” Objective sense of possessive pronoun ημετερος hēmeteros See Matthew 15:9 and note on 2 Timothy 3:16 for διδασκαλιαν didaskalian (from διδασκω didaskō to teach). We might have hope (την ελπιδα εχωμεν tēn elpida echōmen). Present active subjunctive of εχω echō with ινα hina in final clause, “that we might keep on having hope.” One of the blessed uses of the Scriptures. [source]
Present active subjunctive of εχω echō with ινα hina in final clause, “that we might keep on having hope.” One of the blessed uses of the Scriptures. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Romans 15:4
Genitive case of the two words in Romans 15:4 used to describe God who uses the Scriptures to reveal himself to us. See note on 2 Corinthians 1:3 for this idea; Romans 15:13 for “the God of hope”; Romans 15:33 for “the God of peace.” [source]
Taking up the idea in Romans 15:12 as in Romans 15:5 from Romans 15:4. [source]
The different explanations turn on the meaning assigned to προ : either formerly, or openly, publicly. Thus openly portrayed. The use of προγράφειν in this sense is more than doubtful. Previously written. In favor of this is the plain meaning in two of the three other N.T. passages where it occurs: Romans 15:4; Ephesians 3:3. Was posted up, placarded. It is the usual word to describe public notices or proclamations. The more probable sense combines the first and third interpretations. Rend. openly set forth. This suits before whose eyes, and illustrates the suggestion of the evil eye in bewitched. Who could have succeeded in bringing you under the spell of an evil eye, when directly before your own eyes stood revealed the crucified Christ? [source]
First aorist active indicative of προγραπω prographō as in Romans 15:4, not picture forth as Galatians 3:1. But when and where? Epistolary aorist for this Epistle? That is possible. A previous and lost Epistle as in 1 Corinthians 5:9 ? That also is abstractly possible. To the preceding discussion of the Gentiles? Possible and also probable. In few words (εν ολιγωι en oligōi). Not = προ ολιγου pro oligou shortly before, but as in Acts 26:28 “in brief space or time” = συντονως suntonōs (Acts 24:4), “briefly.” [source]
Ἔργον workmay mean either the act, the simple transaction, or the process of dealing with anything, or the result of the dealing, - as a book or a picture is called a work. Κόπος laborfrom κόπτειν tostrike or hew; hence, laborious, painful exertion. Ὑπομονὴ patiencepatient endurance and faithful persistence in toil and suffering. See on 2 Peter 1:6; see on James 5:7. The genitives, of faith, love, hope, mark the generating principles of the work and labor and patience, which set their stamp upon each; thus, work which springs from faith, and is characteristic of faith. The phrase patience of hope is found only here; but see Romans 5:4; Romans 8:25; Romans 15:4; 1 Corinthians 8:7; Hebrews 7:11, Hebrews 7:12. ὑπομονὴ in lxx, see 1 Chronicles 29:15; Job 14:19; Psalm 9:18; Psalm 38:7; Jeremiah href="/desk/?q=jer+4:8&sr=1">Jeremiah 4:8. We have here the great triad of Christian graces, corresponding to 1 Corinthians 8:1-13. Hope is prominent throughout the two Epistles. The triad appears, 1 Thessalonians 5:8; Galatians 5:5, Galatians 5:6; 1 Corinthians 8:13; Ephesians 4:2-5; Colossians 1:4, Colossians 1:5; Hebrews 10:22-24; 1 Peter 1:21-22. Comp. 1 Thessalonians 2:9; 1 Thessalonians 5:8; 2 Thessalonians 3:5, 2 Thessalonians 3:8; 1 Corinthians 15:10, 1 Corinthians 15:58; 2 Corinthians 11:27; Revelation 2:2. [source]
Comp. 2 Timothy 3:16. To the Jews ἡ γραφή signified the O.T. canon of Scripture; but in most cases ἡ γραφή is used of a particular passage of Scripture which is indicated in the context. See John 7:38, John 7:42; Acts 1:16; Acts 8:32, Acts 8:35; Romans 4:3; Romans 9:17; Romans 10:11; Galatians 3:8. Where the reference is to the sacred writings as a whole, the plural γραφαὶ or αἱ γραφαὶ is used, as Matthew 21:42; Luke 24:32; John 5:39; Romans 15:4. Once γραφαὶ ἅγιαι holyScriptures, Romans 1:2. Ἑτέρα γραφὴ anotheror a different Scripture, John 19:37; ἡ γραφὴ αὕτη this Scripture, Luke 4:21; πᾶσα γραφὴ everyScripture, 2 Timothy 3:16. See on writings, John 2:22. The passage cited here is Deuteronomy 25:4, also by Paul, 1 Corinthians 9:9. [source]
“God-breathed.” Late word (Plutarch) here only in N.T. Perhaps in contrast to the commandments of men in Titus 1:14. Profitable (ωπελιμος ōphelimos). See note on 1 Timothy 4:8. See Romans 15:4. Four examples of προς pros (facing, with a view to, for): διδασκαλιαν didaskalian teaching; ελεγμον elegmon reproof, in lxx and here only in N.T.; επανορτωσιν epanorthōsin correction, old word, from επανορτοω epanorthoō to set up straight in addition, here only in N.T., with which compare επιδιορτοω epidiorthoō in Titus 1:5; παιδειαν paideian instruction, with which compare Ephesians 6:4. [source]
See note on 1 Timothy 4:8. See Romans 15:4. Four examples of προς pros (facing, with a view to, for): διδασκαλιαν didaskalian teaching; ελεγμον elegmon reproof, in lxx and here only in N.T.; επανορτωσιν epanorthōsin correction, old word, from επανορτοω epanorthoō to set up straight in addition, here only in N.T., with which compare επιδιορτοω epidiorthoō in Titus 1:5; παιδειαν paideian instruction, with which compare Ephesians 6:4. [source]
The meaning is in dispute. The word occurs four times in New Testament. In two of these instances πρό has clearly the temporal sense before (Romans 15:4; Ephesians 3:3). In Galatians 3:1, it is taken by some in the sense of openly, publicly (see note there). It seems better, on the whole, to take it here in the temporal sense, and to render written of beforehand, i.e., in prophecy as referred to in Judges 1:14, Judges 1:15. So the American Rev. [source]
Perfect passive participle of προγραπω prographō to write of beforehand, for which verb see Galatians 3:1; Romans 15:4.Unto this condemnation (εις τουτο το κριμα eis touto to krima). See 2 Peter 2:3 for κριμα krima and εκπαλαι ekpalai Παλαι Palai here apparently alludes to Judges 1:14, Judges 1:15 (Enoch).Ungodly men Keynote of the Epistle (Mayor), in Judges 1:15 again as in 2 Peter 2:5; 2 Peter 3:7.Turning (μετατιτεντες metatithentes). Present active participle of μετατιτημι metatithēmi to change, for which verb see Galatians 1:6. For the change of “grace” (χαριτα charita) into “lasciviousness” (εις ασελγειαν eis aselgeian) see 1 Peter 2:16; 1 Peter 4:3; 2 Peter 2:19; 2 Peter 3:16.Our only Master and Lord For the force of the one article for one person see note on 2 Peter 1:1. For δεσποτην despotēn of Christ see 2 Peter 2:1.Denying (αρνουμενοι arnoumenoi). So 2 Peter 2:1. See also Matthew 10:33; 1 Timothy 5:8; Titus 1:16; 1 John 2:22. [source]