KJV: And the kings of the earth, who have committed fornication and lived deliciously with her, shall bewail her, and lament for her, when they shall see the smoke of her burning,
YLT: and weep over her, and smite themselves for her, shall the kings of the earth, who with her did commit whoredom and did revel, when they may see the smoke of her burning,
Darby: And the kings of the earth, who have committed fornication, and lived luxuriously with her, shall weep and wail over her, when they see the smoke of her burning,
ASV: And the kings of the earth, who committed fornication and lived wantonly with her, shall weep and wail over her, when they look upon the smoke of her burning,
| κλαύσουσιν | will weep |
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Parse: Verb, Future Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: κλαίω Sense: to mourn, weep, lament. |
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| κόψονται | will wail |
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Parse: Verb, Future Indicative Middle, 3rd Person Plural Root: κόπτω Sense: to cut, strike, smite. |
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| αὐτὴν | her |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Accusative Feminine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| βασιλεῖς | kings |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: βασιλεύς Sense: leader of the people, prince, commander, lord of the land, king. |
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| τῆς | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| γῆς | earth |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: γῆ Sense: arable land. |
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| οἱ | the [ones] |
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Parse: Article, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| αὐτῆς | her |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Feminine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| πορνεύσαντες | having committed sexual immorality |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: πορνεύω Sense: to prostitute one’s body to the lust of another. |
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| στρηνιάσαντες | having lived luxuriously |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: στρηνιάω Sense: to be wanton, to live luxuriously. |
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| βλέπωσιν | they see |
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Parse: Verb, Present Subjunctive Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: βλέπω Sense: to see, discern, of the bodily eye. |
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| καπνὸν | smoke |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: καπνός Sense: smoke. |
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| πυρώσεως | burning |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: πύρωσις Sense: a burning. |
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| αὐτῆς | of her |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Feminine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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Greek Commentary for Revelation 18:9
Future active of κλαιω klaiō middle κλαυσονται klausontai in Attic, as in John 16:20. [source]
Future direct middle of κοπτω koptō old verb, to beat, to cut, middle to beat oneself (Revelation 1:7). For combination with κλαιω klaiō as here see Luke 8:52. See Revelation 17:2; Revelation 18:3, Revelation 18:7 for οι πορνευσαντες και στρηνιασαντες hoi porneusantes kai strēniasantes).When they look upon (οταν βλεπωσιν hotan blepōsin). Indefinite temporal clause with οταν hotan and the present active subjunctive of βλεπω blepō smoke of her burning (τον καπνον της πυρωσεως αυτης ton kapnon tēs purōseōs autēs). Πυρωσις Purōsis is an old word (from πυροω puroō to burn), in N.T. only 1 Peter 4:12; Revelation 18:9, Revelation 18:18. See Revelation 18:8 for other plagues on Rome, but fire seems to be the worst (Revelation 17:16; Revelation 18:8, Revelation 18:9, Revelation 18:17; Revelation 19:3). [source]
Indefinite temporal clause with οταν hotan and the present active subjunctive of βλεπω blepō smoke of her burning Πυρωσις Purōsis is an old word (from πυροω puroō to burn), in N.T. only 1 Peter 4:12; Revelation 18:9, Revelation 18:18. See Revelation 18:8 for other plagues on Rome, but fire seems to be the worst (Revelation 17:16; Revelation 18:8, Revelation 18:9, Revelation 18:17; Revelation 19:3). [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Revelation 18:9
Not, have begun, but rather, whenever they shall come to wax wanton. Comp. 2 Thessalonians 1:10. The compound verb, signifying to feel the sexual impulse, only here, and not in lxx or Class. The simple verb, στρηνιᾶν torun riot, Revelation 18:7, Revelation 18:9and the kindred στρῆνος luxury Revelation 18:3. See note. [source]
First aorist (ingressive) active subjunctive of καταστρηνιαω katastrēniaō late compound (only here and Ignatius), to feel the impulse of sexual desire, but simplex στρηνιαω strēniaō (Revelation 18:7, Revelation 18:9). Souter renders it here “exercise youthful vigour against Christ” (του Χριστου tou Christou genitive case after κατα kata in composition). [source]
Instrumental case, “by the among you burning,” metaphorical sense of old word (since Aristotle), from πυροω puroō to burn See 1 Peter 1:7 for the metaphor. See Revelation 18:9, Revelation 18:18 only other N.T. examples. It occurs in Proverbs 27:21 for the smelting of gold and silver and so in Psalm 56:10 (lxx 65:10): “Thou didst smelt us as silver is smelted” Present middle participle of γινομαι ginomai (already coming) with dative case υμιν humin prove you (προς πειρασμον pros peirasmon). “For testing.”As though a strange thing happened unto you Genitive absolute with ως hōs giving the alleged reason, and υμιν humin dative case with συμβαινοντος sumbainontos (present active participle of συμβαινω sumbainō to go together, to happen (Mark 10:32), agreeing with χενου xenou (strange, Hebrews 13:9). [source]
Lit., as Rev., the power of her luxury. Στρῆνος is akin to στερεός firmhard, stubborn (see on steadfast, 1 Peter 5:9). Hence over-strength, luxury, wantonness. Only here in the New Testament. The kindred verb στρηνιάω tolive deliciously occurs Revelation 18:7, Revelation 18:9. [source]
Future middle of οραω horaō a reminiscence of Zechariah 12:10 according to the text of Theodotion (Aquila and Symmachus) rather than the lxx and like that of Matthew 24:30 (similar combination of Daniel and Zechariah) and Matthew 26:64. This picture of the victorious Christ in his return occurs also in Revelation 14:14, Revelation 14:18-20; Revelation 19:11-21; Revelation 20:7-10.And they which (και οιτινες kai hoitines). “And the very ones who,” Romans and Jews, all who shared in this act.Pierced First aorist active indicative of εκκεντεω ekkenteō late compound (Aristotle, Polybius, lxx), from εκ ek and κεντεω kenteō (to stab, to pierce), in N.T., only here and John 19:37, in both cases from Zechariah 12:10, but not the lxx text (apparently proof that John used the original Hebrew or the translation of Theodotion and Aquila).Shall mourn (κοπσονται kopsontai). Future middle (direct) of κοπτω koptō old verb, to cut, “they shall cut themselves,” as was common for mourners (Matthew 11:17; Luke 8:52; Luke 23:27). From Zechariah 12:12. See also Revelation 18:9.Tribes Not just the Jewish tribes, but the spiritual Israel of Jews and Gentiles as in Revelation 7:4-8. No nation had then accepted Christ as Lord and Saviour, nor has any yet done so. [source]
First aorist active indicative of εκκεντεω ekkenteō late compound (Aristotle, Polybius, lxx), from εκ ek and κεντεω kenteō (to stab, to pierce), in N.T., only here and John 19:37, in both cases from Zechariah 12:10, but not the lxx text (apparently proof that John used the original Hebrew or the translation of Theodotion and Aquila).Shall mourn (κοπσονται kopsontai). Future middle (direct) of κοπτω koptō old verb, to cut, “they shall cut themselves,” as was common for mourners (Matthew 11:17; Luke 8:52; Luke 23:27). From Zechariah 12:12. See also Revelation 18:9.Tribes Not just the Jewish tribes, but the spiritual Israel of Jews and Gentiles as in Revelation 7:4-8. No nation had then accepted Christ as Lord and Saviour, nor has any yet done so. [source]
Future middle (direct) of κοπτω koptō old verb, to cut, “they shall cut themselves,” as was common for mourners (Matthew 11:17; Luke 8:52; Luke 23:27). From Zechariah 12:12. See also Revelation 18:9. [source]
See Revelation 9:5 for βασανισμος basanismos only there it was a limited penalty, here it is “for ever and ever” See also Revelation 18:9; Revelation 19:3; Revelation 20:10. [source]
Repeated in Revelation 1:5; Revelation 6:15; Revelation 17:18; Revelation 18:3, Revelation 18:9; Revelation 19:19; Revelation 21:24 and “the kings of the inhabited earth” (Revelation 16:14) either for human rulers in general or the vassal kings absorbed by the Roman Empire. [source]
First ingressive aorist active indicative of του στρηνους αυτης plouteō to be rich (cf. Revelation 3:17). Here alone in the N.T. do we catch a glimpse of the vast traffic between east and west that made Rome rich.Of her wantonness (στρηνιαω tou strēnous autēs). Late word for arrogance, luxury, here alone in N.T. See strēniaō in Revelation 18:7, Revelation 18:9, to live wantonly. [source]
Late word for arrogance, luxury, here alone in N.T. See strēniaō in Revelation 18:7, Revelation 18:9, to live wantonly. [source]
Indefinite temporal clause with οταν hotan and the present active subjunctive of βλεπω blepō smoke of her burning Πυρωσις Purōsis is an old word (from πυροω puroō to burn), in N.T. only 1 Peter 4:12; Revelation 18:9, Revelation 18:18. See Revelation 18:8 for other plagues on Rome, but fire seems to be the worst (Revelation 17:16; Revelation 18:8, Revelation 18:9, Revelation 18:17; Revelation 19:3). [source]
Old word, in N.T. only Acts 2:19; Revelation 8:4; Revelation 9:2., Revelation 9:17.; Revelation 14:11; Revelation 15:8; Revelation 18:9, Revelation 18:18; Revelation 19:3. Here from the incense in the angel‘s hand. [source]
Perfect active third personal of πιπτω piptō for usual πεπτωκασι peptōkasi Some MSS. read πεπωκαν pepōkan (have drunk), from πινω pinō like the metaphor in Revelation 14:8, Revelation 14:10; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 17:2. See Revelation 17:2 for the same charge about the kings of the earth.The merchants of the earth (οι εμποροι της γης hoi emporoi tēs gēs). Old word for one on a journey for trade (from εν πορος enεμποριον poros), like drummers, in N.T. only Matthew 13:45; Revelation 18:3, Revelation 18:11, Revelation 18:15, Revelation 18:23. Like εμπορευομαι emporion (John 2:16) and επλουτησαν emporeuomai (James 4:13).Waxed rich First ingressive aorist active indicative of του στρηνους αυτης plouteō to be rich (cf. Revelation 3:17). Here alone in the N.T. do we catch a glimpse of the vast traffic between east and west that made Rome rich.Of her wantonness (στρηνιαω tou strēnous autēs). Late word for arrogance, luxury, here alone in N.T. See strēniaō in Revelation 18:7, Revelation 18:9, to live wantonly. [source]
Future direct middle of κοπτω koptō old verb, to beat, to cut, middle to beat oneself (Revelation 1:7). For combination with κλαιω klaiō as here see Luke 8:52. See Revelation 17:2; Revelation 18:3, Revelation 18:7 for οι πορνευσαντες και στρηνιασαντες hoi porneusantes kai strēniasantes).When they look upon (οταν βλεπωσιν hotan blepōsin). Indefinite temporal clause with οταν hotan and the present active subjunctive of βλεπω blepō smoke of her burning (τον καπνον της πυρωσεως αυτης ton kapnon tēs purōseōs autēs). Πυρωσις Purōsis is an old word (from πυροω puroō to burn), in N.T. only 1 Peter 4:12; Revelation 18:9, Revelation 18:18. See Revelation 18:8 for other plagues on Rome, but fire seems to be the worst (Revelation 17:16; Revelation 18:8, Revelation 18:9, Revelation 18:17; Revelation 19:3). [source]
Present active indicatives of κλαιω klaiō and πεντεω pentheō as in Revelation 18:9 (for κλαιω klaiō), Revelation 18:15, and Revelation 18:19.For no man buyeth their merchandise any more (οτι τον γομον αυτων ουδεις αγοραζει ουκετι hoti ton gomon autōn oudeis agorazei ouketi). Reason enough for their sorrow over Rome‘s fall. Γομος Gomos is old word (from γεμω gemō to be full) for a ship‘s cargo (Acts 21:3) and then any merchandise (Revelation 18:11.). Galen, Pliny, Aristides tell of the vastness of the commerce and luxury of Rome, the world‘s chief market. Many of the items here are like those in the picture of the destruction of Tyre in Ezek 26; 27. There are twenty-nine items singled out in Revelation 18:12, Revelation 18:13 of this merchandise or cargo (γομον gomon), imports into the port of Rome. Only a few need any comment. [source]