KJV: And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.
YLT: And another messenger did follow, saying, 'Fall, fall, did Babylon, the great city, because of the wine of the wrath of her whoredom she hath given to all nations to drink.'
Darby: And another, a second, angel followed, saying, Great Babylon has fallen, has fallen, which of the wine of the fury of her fornication has made all nations drink.
ASV: And another, a second angel, followed, saying, Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, that hath made all the nations to drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.
| ἄλλος | another |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ἄλλος Sense: another, other. |
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| ἄγγελος | angel |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ἄγγελος Sense: a messenger, envoy, one who is sent, an angel, a messenger from God. |
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| δεύτερος | a second |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: δεύτερον Sense: the second, the other of two. |
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| ἠκολούθησεν | followed |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἀκολουθέω Sense: to follow one who precedes, join him as his attendant, accompany him. |
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| λέγων | saying |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: λέγω Sense: to say, to speak. |
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| Ἔπεσεν | Fallen |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: πίπτω Sense: to descend from a higher place to a lower. |
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| ἔπεσεν | Fallen is |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: πίπτω Sense: to descend from a higher place to a lower. |
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| Βαβυλὼν | Babylon |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Feminine Singular Root: Βαβυλών Sense: a very large and famous city, the residence of the Babylonian kings, situated on both banks of the Euphrates. |
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| μεγάλη | great |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Feminine Singular Root: μέγας Sense: great. |
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| οἴνου | wine |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: οἶνος Sense: wine. |
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| τοῦ | - |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| θυμοῦ | of wrath |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: θυμός Sense: passion, angry, heat, anger forthwith boiling up and soon subsiding again. |
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| τῆς | for the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| πορνείας | immorality |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: πορνεία Sense: illicit sexual intercourse. |
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| αὐτῆς | of her |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Feminine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| πεπότικεν | she has given to drink |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ποτίζω Sense: to give to drink, to furnish drink. |
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| ἔθνη | Gentiles |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Plural Root: ἔθνος Sense: a multitude (whether of men or of beasts) associated or living together. |
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Greek Commentary for Revelation 14:8
This second angel “followed” (ηκολουτησεν ēkolouthēsen first aorist active indicative of ακολουτεω akoloutheō) and interpreted in part the first one. [source]
Prophetic aorist active indicative of πεπτωκεν πεπτωκεν piptō repeated as a solemn dirge announcing the certainty of the fall. The English participle “fallen, fallen” is more musical and rhythmical than the literal rendering “fell, fell.” The language is an echo of Isaiah 21:9, though B in the lxx has αβυλων η μαγαλη peptōkenμεγαλη peptōken (perfect).Babylon the great (αβυλων Babulōn hē magalē). The adjective πεποτικεν megalē occurs with ποτιζω Babulōn each time in the Apocalypse (Revelation 14:8; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 17:5; Revelation 18:2, Revelation 18:10, Revelation 18:21) as a reminder of Nebuchadrezzar. There is no doubt that Rome is meant by Babylon, as is probably seen already in 1 Peter 5:13. As a prisoner in Patmos John can speak his mind by this symbolism.Hath made to drink Perfect active indicative of potizō old causative verb (from potos drinking, 1 Peter 4:3), as in Matthew 25:35. The remarkable phrase that follows seems based on Jeremiah 51:8 (Jeremiah 25:15). It is a combination also of Revelation 14:10 (the wine of God‘s wrath, also in Revelation 16:19; Revelation 19:15) and Revelation 17:2. There is no doubt of the dissoluteness of the old Babylon of Jeremiah‘s day as of the Rome of John‘s time. Rome is pictured as the great courtesan who intoxicates and beguiles the nations to fornication (Revelation 17:2, Revelation 17:4, Revelation 17:6), but the cup of God‘s wrath for her and her paramours is full (Revelation 14:10; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 18:2). [source]
The adjective πεποτικεν megalē occurs with ποτιζω Babulōn each time in the Apocalypse (Revelation 14:8; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 17:5; Revelation 18:2, Revelation 18:10, Revelation 18:21) as a reminder of Nebuchadrezzar. There is no doubt that Rome is meant by Babylon, as is probably seen already in 1 Peter 5:13. As a prisoner in Patmos John can speak his mind by this symbolism. [source]
Perfect active indicative of potizō old causative verb (from potos drinking, 1 Peter 4:3), as in Matthew 25:35. The remarkable phrase that follows seems based on Jeremiah 51:8 (Jeremiah 25:15). It is a combination also of Revelation 14:10 (the wine of God‘s wrath, also in Revelation 16:19; Revelation 19:15) and Revelation 17:2. There is no doubt of the dissoluteness of the old Babylon of Jeremiah‘s day as of the Rome of John‘s time. Rome is pictured as the great courtesan who intoxicates and beguiles the nations to fornication (Revelation 17:2, Revelation 17:4, Revelation 17:6), but the cup of God‘s wrath for her and her paramours is full (Revelation 14:10; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 18:2). [source]
Add δεύτερος asecond. [source]
Lit., fell. The prophetic aorist expressing the certainty of the fall. Compare Isaiah 21:9; Jeremiah 51:7, Jeremiah 51:8. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Revelation 14:8
Some understand in a figurative sense, as meaning Rome; others, literally, of Babylon on the Euphrates. In favor of the former view are the drift of ancient opinion and the Roman Catholic interpreters, with Luther and several noted modern expositors, as Ewald and Hoffmann. This, too, is the view of Canon Cook in the “Speaker's Commentary.” In favor of the literal interpretation are the weighty names of Alford, Huther, Calvin, Neander, Weiss, and Reuss. Professor Salmond, in his admirable commentary on this epistle, has so forcibly summed up the testimony that we cannot do better than to give his comment entire: “In favor of this allegorical interpretation it is urged that there are other occurrences of Babylon in the New Testament as a mystical name for Rome (Revelation 14:8; Revelation 18:2, Revelation 18:10); that it is in the highest degree unlikely that Peter should have made the Assyrian Babylon his residence or missionary centre, especially in view of a statement by Josephus indicating that the Emperor Claudius had expelled the Jews from that city and neighborhood; and that tradition connects Peter with Rome, but not with Babylon. The fact, however, that the word is mystically used in a mystical book like the Apocalypse - a book, too, which is steeped in the spirit and terminology of the Old Testament - is no argument for the mystical use of the word in writings of a different type. The allegorical interpretation becomes still less likely when it is observed that other geographical designations in this epistle (1 Peter 1:1) have undoubtedly the literal meaning. The tradition itself, too, is uncertain. The statement in Josephus does not bear all that it is made to bear. There is no reason to suppose that, at the time when this epistle was written, the city of Rome was currently known among Christians as Babylon. On the contrary, wherever it is mentioned in the New Testament, with the single exception of the Apocalypse (and even there it is distinguished as 'Babylon, the great ')it gets its usual name, Rome. So far, too, from the Assyrian Babylon being practically in a deserted state at this date, there is very good ground for believing that the Jewish population (not to speak of the heathen) of the city and vicinity was very considerable. For these and other reasons a succession of distinguished interpreters and historians, from Erasmus and Calvin, on to Neander, Weiss, Reuss, Huther, etc., have rightly held by the literal sense.” [source]
“Upon,” as in Revelation 11:6, with genitive Clearly Jerusalem in view of the closing clause (οπουεσταυρωτη hopou- ητις estaurōthē), though not here called “the holy city” as in Revelation 11:2, and though elsewhere in the Apocalypse Babylon (Rome) is so described (Revelation 14:8; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 17:5; Revelation 18:2, Revelation 18:10, Revelation 18:16, Revelation 18:18, Revelation 18:19, Revelation 18:21).Which Which very city, not “whichever.”Spiritually (πνευματικος pneumatikōs). This late adverb from πνευματικος pneumatikos (spiritual) occurs in the N.T. only twice, in 1 Corinthians 2:14 for the help of the Holy Spirit in interpreting God‘s message and here in a hidden or mystical (allegorical sense). For this use of οπου και ο κυριος αυτων εσταυρωτη pneumatikos see 1 Corinthians 10:3. Judah is called Sodom in Isaiah 1:9.; Ezekiel 16:46, Ezekiel 16:55. See also Matthew 10:15; Matthew 11:23. Egypt is not applied to Israel in the O.T., but is “an obvious symbol of oppression and slavery” (Swete).Where also their Lord was crucified First aorist passive indicative of stauroō to crucify, a reference to the fact of Christ‘s crucifixion in Jerusalem. This item is one of the sins of Jerusalem and the disciple is not greater than the Master (John 15:20). [source]
Clearly Jerusalem in view of the closing clause (οπουεσταυρωτη hopou- ητις estaurōthē), though not here called “the holy city” as in Revelation 11:2, and though elsewhere in the Apocalypse Babylon (Rome) is so described (Revelation 14:8; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 17:5; Revelation 18:2, Revelation 18:10, Revelation 18:16, Revelation 18:18, Revelation 18:19, Revelation 18:21). [source]
Prophetic aorist active indicative of πεπτωκεν πεπτωκεν piptō repeated as a solemn dirge announcing the certainty of the fall. The English participle “fallen, fallen” is more musical and rhythmical than the literal rendering “fell, fell.” The language is an echo of Isaiah 21:9, though B in the lxx has αβυλων η μαγαλη peptōkenμεγαλη peptōken (perfect).Babylon the great (αβυλων Babulōn hē magalē). The adjective πεποτικεν megalē occurs with ποτιζω Babulōn each time in the Apocalypse (Revelation 14:8; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 17:5; Revelation 18:2, Revelation 18:10, Revelation 18:21) as a reminder of Nebuchadrezzar. There is no doubt that Rome is meant by Babylon, as is probably seen already in 1 Peter 5:13. As a prisoner in Patmos John can speak his mind by this symbolism.Hath made to drink Perfect active indicative of potizō old causative verb (from potos drinking, 1 Peter 4:3), as in Matthew 25:35. The remarkable phrase that follows seems based on Jeremiah 51:8 (Jeremiah 25:15). It is a combination also of Revelation 14:10 (the wine of God‘s wrath, also in Revelation 16:19; Revelation 19:15) and Revelation 17:2. There is no doubt of the dissoluteness of the old Babylon of Jeremiah‘s day as of the Rome of John‘s time. Rome is pictured as the great courtesan who intoxicates and beguiles the nations to fornication (Revelation 17:2, Revelation 17:4, Revelation 17:6), but the cup of God‘s wrath for her and her paramours is full (Revelation 14:10; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 18:2). [source]
The adjective πεποτικεν megalē occurs with ποτιζω Babulōn each time in the Apocalypse (Revelation 14:8; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 17:5; Revelation 18:2, Revelation 18:10, Revelation 18:21) as a reminder of Nebuchadrezzar. There is no doubt that Rome is meant by Babylon, as is probably seen already in 1 Peter 5:13. As a prisoner in Patmos John can speak his mind by this symbolism. [source]
Future active of δεικνυμι deiknumi It is fitting that one of the seven angels that had the seven bowls should explain the judgment on Babylon (Revelation 16:19) already pronounced (Revelation 14:8). That is now done in chapters Rev 17; 18. [source]
First aorist active indicative of πορνευω porneuō “In purchasing the favour of Rome by accepting her suzerainty and with it her vices and idolatries” (Swete).Were made drunken (εμετυστησαν emethusthēsan). First aorist passive indicative of μετυσκω methuskō old verb (from μετυ methu), as in Luke 12:45, here only in the Apocalypse. Cf. Isaiah 51:7 and πεποτικεν pepotiken in Revelation 14:8. See Revelation 18:3. [source]
The word κριμα krima is the one used about the doom of Babylon in Jeremiah 51:9. Already in Revelation 14:8 Babylon is called the harlot. Πορνης Pornēs is the objective genitive, “the judgment on the great harlot.”That sitteth upon many waters (της κατημενης επι υδατων πολλων tēs kathēmenēs epi hudatōn pollōn). Note triple use of the article της tēs In Jeremiah 51:13 we have επ υδασι πολλοις eph' hudasi pollois (locative in place of genitive as here). Babylon got its wealth by means of the Euphrates and the numerous canals for irrigation. Rome does not have such a system of canals, but this item is taken and applied to the New Babylon in Revelation 17:15. Nahum (Nahum 3:4) calls Nineveh a harlot, as Isaiah (Isaiah 23:16.) does Tyre. [source]
First aorist passive indicative of μετυσκω methuskō old verb (from μετυ methu), as in Luke 12:45, here only in the Apocalypse. Cf. Isaiah 51:7 and πεποτικεν pepotiken in Revelation 14:8. See Revelation 18:3. [source]
The very words of Revelation 14:8: “Did fall, did fall Babylon the great.” Prophetic aorists of εγενετο piptō repeated like a solemn dirge of the damned. [source]
Perfect active third personal of πιπτω piptō for usual πεπτωκασι peptōkasi Some MSS. read πεπωκαν pepōkan (have drunk), from πινω pinō like the metaphor in Revelation 14:8, Revelation 14:10; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 17:2. See Revelation 17:2 for the same charge about the kings of the earth.The merchants of the earth (οι εμποροι της γης hoi emporoi tēs gēs). Old word for one on a journey for trade (from εν πορος enεμποριον poros), like drummers, in N.T. only Matthew 13:45; Revelation 18:3, Revelation 18:11, Revelation 18:15, Revelation 18:23. Like εμπορευομαι emporion (John 2:16) and επλουτησαν emporeuomai (James 4:13).Waxed rich First ingressive aorist active indicative of του στρηνους αυτης plouteō to be rich (cf. Revelation 3:17). Here alone in the N.T. do we catch a glimpse of the vast traffic between east and west that made Rome rich.Of her wantonness (στρηνιαω tou strēnous autēs). Late word for arrogance, luxury, here alone in N.T. See strēniaō in Revelation 18:7, Revelation 18:9, to live wantonly. [source]
First aorist imperative of διπλοω diploō old verb (from διπλοος diploos double, Matthew 23:15), here only in N.T. Διπλα Diplā is simply the neuter plural accusative (cognate) contract form for διπλοα diploa (not διπλω diplō). Requite here in double measure, a full requital (Exodus 22:4, Exodus 22:7, Exodus 22:9; Isaiah 40:2; Jeremiah 16:18; Jeremiah 17:18; Zechariah 9:12). The double recompense was according to the Levitical law.Which she mingled (ωι εκερασεν hōi ekerasen). First aorist active indicative of κεραννυμι kerannumi The relative ωι hōi is attracted to the locative case of its antecedent ποτηριωι potēriōi (cup), for which see Revelation 14:8, Revelation 14:10; Revelation 17:4; Revelation 18:3.Mingle unto her double First aorist active imperative of the same verb κεραννυμι kerannumi with the same idea of double punishment. [source]
First aorist active indicative of κεραννυμι kerannumi The relative ωι hōi is attracted to the locative case of its antecedent ποτηριωι potēriōi (cup), for which see Revelation 14:8, Revelation 14:10; Revelation 17:4; Revelation 18:3. [source]
Second use of οτι hoti explaining the first.He hath judged (εκρινεν ekrinen). First aorist (prophetic and climacteric, effective) active indicative of κρινω krinō (ητις hētis). The very one which.Did corrupt This is the terrible fact. First aorist active indicative of πτειρω phtheirō Cf. Revelation 11:18; Revelation 14:8; Revelation 17:2; Revelation 18:3.And he hath avenged (και εχεδικησεν kai exedikēsen). God has exacted vengeance for the blood of his servants from (εκ ek) her. Prophetic aorist again of εκδικεω ekdikeō with accusative and εκ ek with ablative as in Revelation 6:10. [source]
This is the terrible fact. First aorist active indicative of πτειρω phtheirō Cf. Revelation 11:18; Revelation 14:8; Revelation 17:2; Revelation 18:3.And he hath avenged (και εχεδικησεν kai exedikēsen). God has exacted vengeance for the blood of his servants from (εκ ek) her. Prophetic aorist again of εκδικεω ekdikeō with accusative and εκ ek with ablative as in Revelation 6:10. [source]
Change to present tense of πατεω pateō to tread (here transitive), with solemn repetition of και αυτος kai autos winepress of the fierceness of the wrath of Almighty God Literally, “the winepress of the wine of the wrath of the anger of God the Almighty” (four genitives dependent on one another and on ληνον lēnon). These images are here combined from Revelation 14:8, Revelation 14:10, Revelation 14:19.; Revelation 16:19. The fact is already in Revelation 19:13 after Isaiah 63:1. [source]
Purpose clause with ινα hina and the first aorist active subjunctive of πατασσω patassō old verb already in Revelation 11:6 and like Isaiah 11:4, a figure here for forensic and judicial condemnation.And he shall rule them (και αυτος ποιμανει kai autos poimanei). Emphatic use of αυτος autos twice (he himself). Future active of ποιμαινω poimainō to shepherd as in Revelation 2:27; Revelation 12:5 “with a rod of iron” (εν ραβδωι σιδηραι en rabdōi sidērāi) as there. See 1 Peter 2:25; Hebrews 13:20 for Christ as Shepherd.And he treadeth Change to present tense of πατεω pateō to tread (here transitive), with solemn repetition of και αυτος kai autos winepress of the fierceness of the wrath of Almighty God Literally, “the winepress of the wine of the wrath of the anger of God the Almighty” (four genitives dependent on one another and on ληνον lēnon). These images are here combined from Revelation 14:8, Revelation 14:10, Revelation 14:19.; Revelation 16:19. The fact is already in Revelation 19:13 after Isaiah 63:1. [source]