The Meaning of Philippians 1:1 Explained

Philippians 1:1

KJV: Paul and Timotheus, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons:

YLT: Paul and Timotheus, servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus who are in Philippi, with overseers and ministrants;

Darby: Paul and Timotheus, bondmen of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus who are in Philippi, with the overseers and ministers;

ASV: Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus, to all the saints in Christ Jesus that are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons:

KJV Reverse Interlinear

Paul  and  Timotheus,  the servants  of Jesus  Christ,  to all  the saints  in  Christ  Jesus  which are  at  Philippi,  with  the bishops  and  deacons: 

What does Philippians 1:1 Mean?

Study Notes

which are at
Churches (local), Summary: A local church is an assembly of professed believers on the Lord Jesus Christ, living for the most part in one locality, who assemble themselves together in His name for the breaking of bread, worship, praise, prayer, testimony, the ministry of the word, discipline, and the furtherance of the Gospel, Hebrews 10:25 ; Acts 20:7 ; 1 Corinthians 14:26 ; 1 Corinthians 5:4 ; 1 Corinthians 5:5 ; Philippians 4:14-18 ; 1 Thessalonians 1:8 ; Acts 13:1-4 . Such a church exists where two or three are thus gathered Matthew 18:20 . Every such local church has Christ in the midst, is a temple of God, and indwelt by the Holy Spirit 1 Corinthians 3:16 ; 1 Corinthians 3:17 . When perfected in organization a local church consists of "saints, with the bishops elders and deacons."

Verse Meaning

Timothy was an associate of Paul"s and may have served as his secretary as Paul dictated this letter (cf. 2 Thessalonians 3:17), but Timothy was not the co-author of it (cf. Philippians 1:3; Philippians 2:19-23). The Philippians knew him since he had been with Paul when Paul had founded the church in Philippi ( Acts 16:1-12) and on subsequent occasions ( Acts 19:22; Acts 20:3-6). Now Timothy was with Paul in Rome during Paul"s house arrest there.
Paul"s lack of reference to his apostleship is in harmony with the overall emphasis of this epistle (cf1,2Thess. and Phile.). This was a personal letter rather than one giving correction that needed apostolic authority behind it so the recipients would accept it and act on its instructions.
The writer characterized himself and Timothy as bond-servants (Greek douloi) of Christ, a favorite title of early Christian leaders (cf. James 1:1; 2 Peter 1:1; Jude 1:1; Revelation 1:1). It stressed the strong commitment of the Christian to his or her Lord. The Septuagint translators of the Old Testament used doulos (singular) to describe Moses and other dedicated prophets ( Psalm 105:26; Jeremiah 25:4; Amos 3:7) as did John when he described Moses ( Revelation 15:3).
"Undoubtedly the background for the concept of being the Lord"s slave or servant is to be found in the Old Testament scriptures. For a Jew this concept did not connote drudgery, but honor and privilege. It was used of national Israel at times ( Isaiah 43:10), but was especially associated with famous OT personalities ..." [1]
The apostle Paul was fond of addressing his fellow believers as saints (cf. Romans 1:7; 1 Corinthians 1:2; 2 Corinthians 1:1; Ephesians 1:1; Colossians 1:2; 1 Thessalonians 3:13; 2 Thessalonians 1:10; Philemon 1:5; Philemon 1:7). This title reflects the Christian"s present justified standing before God though not necessarily his or her present sanctified standing in the sight of other people.
In no other of his epistles did Paul address the elders (Gr. episkopois) and deacons (diakonois) of the church specifically in the salutation. Perhaps they received special mention because Epaphroditus had come to Paul with money from the Philippian church ( Philippians 2:25) and or because friction existed within this church ( Philippians 4:2-3). These are the two offices of the church that Paul expounded elsewhere ( 1 Timothy 3; Titus 1).
"Even though these titles occur only here and in the Pastoral Epistles in the Pauline corpus, one should not construe this to suggest either that the other Pauline churches did not have such leaders or that this is a later development in his churches." [2]
Normally Paul appointed elders in the churches that he founded ( Acts 14:23). This was an office that carried over from Jewish synagogue life. [3] The elders whom Paul appointed were probably Jewish converts who had good backgrounds in the Old Testament. The terms elder, presbyter, overseer, bishop, and pastor all refer to the same office (cf. 1 Timothy 3:1-2; Titus 1:7; 1 Peter 5:1-2).
The deacons were the official servants of the church who functioned as the elders" assistants. This is the only place in the New Testament, except1Timothy3 , where a New Testament writer mentioned both elders and deacons together as the leaders of the church. Note that in Philippi there was a plurality of both elders and deacons in the church. At this stage in the growth of the church probably there was only one church in Philippi and there was a plurality of both elders and deacons in the one assembly. [4]
This reference to elders and deacons does not prescribe that there must be a plurality of elders and or deacons in every modern church. The verse is descriptive rather than prescriptive. However it does indicate that there was a plurality of official leaders in this church. In this respect the Philippian church was typical of many others in its day (cf. Acts 14:23).
"No evidence exists for a single leader as the "head" of the local assembly in the Pauline churches." [5]

Context Summary

Philippians 1:1-11 - Rejoice In Growth And Seek Increase
It is exceedingly difficult to compress this Epistle, which is the tenderest and most personal of them all. Every word merits consideration; every paragraph is full of linked sweetness long drawn out. In the opening verses we are taught that we may further the gospel, not only by direct efforts, but by helping those who, like the Apostle, are devoted to its spread. From the early beginnings of their friendship, this Church had never faltered in its loving gifts, which Paul sought to repay with prayers on their behalf. He regarded them as comrades fighting the same enemy, on the same field, and sharing in the same grace.
The Apostle's confidence that whatever God begins will have its perfect end, Philippians 1:6, is very reassuring. This is what we need, though we must not take it for granted apart from faith and prayer. Each of the Epistles has its "collect," its comprehensive prayer offered in the name of Christ. This one is especially beautiful. Abounding love will lead to increased knowledge; and this to quicker discrimination between things that differ, however similar they may appear; and this, in turn, to freedom from blame and offense. And all will result in the fruit of a holy life, pleasing to Jesus and bringing glory and praise to God. [source]

Chapter Summary: Philippians 1

1  Paul testifies his thankfulness to God, and his love toward the Philippians,
9  daily praying for their increase in grace;
12  he shows what good the faith of Christ had received by his troubles at Rome;
21  and how ready he is to glorify Christ either by his life or death;
27  exhorting them to unity;
28  and to fortitude in persecution

Greek Commentary for Philippians 1:1

Paul [Παυλος]
He does not mention his apostleship as he usually does. Omitted also in I and II Thess. and Phlippians. [source]
Timothy [Τιμοτεος]
In no sense the author, but associated with Paul because with him here in Rome as in Corinth when I and II Thessalonians written and in Ephesus when I Corinthians sent and in Macedonia when II Corinthians written. Timothy was with Paul when the Philippian church was founded (Acts 16:1, Acts 16:13; Acts 17:14). He had been there twice since (Acts 19:22; Acts 20:3.). To all the saints (πασι τοις αγιοις — pāsi tois hagiois). The word saint (αγιος — hagios) here is used for the professing Christians as in 1 Corinthians 1:2 which see as well as Romans 1:7 for the origin of the word. The word “all” (πασι — pāsi) means that all individual believers are included. Paul employs this word frequently in Philippians. In Christ Jesus The centre for all Christian relations and activities for Paul and for us. In Philippi (εν Πιλιπποις — en Philippois). See note on Acts 16:12 for discussion of this name. With the bishops “Together with bishops,” thus singled out from “all the saints.” See note on Acts 20:17 and note on Acts 20:28 for the use of this most interesting word as equivalent to presbuteros (elder). It is an old word from συν επισκοποις — episkeptomai to look upon or after, to inspect, so the overseer or superintendent. In the second century πρεσβυτερος — episcopos (Ignatius) came to mean one superior to elders, but not so in the N.T. The two New Testament church officers are here mentioned (bishops or elders and deacons). The plural is here employed because there was usually one church in a city with several pastors (bishops, elders). And deacons (επισκεπτομαι — kai diakonois). Technical sense here of the other church officers as in 1 Timothy 3:8-13, not the general use as in Matthew 22:13. The origin of the office is probably seen in Acts 6:1-6. The term is often applied to preachers (1 Corinthians 3:5; 2 Corinthians 3:6). The etymology (επισχοπος — diaκαι διακονοις — konis) suggests raising a dust by hastening. [source]
To all the saints [πασι τοις αγιοις]
The word saint (αγιος — hagios) here is used for the professing Christians as in 1 Corinthians 1:2 which see as well as Romans 1:7 for the origin of the word. The word “all” (πασι — pāsi) means that all individual believers are included. Paul employs this word frequently in Philippians. [source]
In Christ Jesus [εν Χριστωι Ιησου]
The centre for all Christian relations and activities for Paul and for us. In Philippi (εν Πιλιπποις — en Philippois). See note on Acts 16:12 for discussion of this name. With the bishops “Together with bishops,” thus singled out from “all the saints.” See note on Acts 20:17 and note on Acts 20:28 for the use of this most interesting word as equivalent to presbuteros (elder). It is an old word from συν επισκοποις — episkeptomai to look upon or after, to inspect, so the overseer or superintendent. In the second century πρεσβυτερος — episcopos (Ignatius) came to mean one superior to elders, but not so in the N.T. The two New Testament church officers are here mentioned (bishops or elders and deacons). The plural is here employed because there was usually one church in a city with several pastors (bishops, elders). And deacons (επισκεπτομαι — kai diakonois). Technical sense here of the other church officers as in 1 Timothy 3:8-13, not the general use as in Matthew 22:13. The origin of the office is probably seen in Acts 6:1-6. The term is often applied to preachers (1 Corinthians 3:5; 2 Corinthians 3:6). The etymology (επισχοπος — diaκαι διακονοις — konis) suggests raising a dust by hastening. [source]
In Philippi [εν Πιλιπποις]
See note on Acts 16:12 for discussion of this name. [source]
With the bishops [sun episkopois)]
“Together with bishops,” thus singled out from “all the saints.” See note on Acts 20:17 and note on Acts 20:28 for the use of this most interesting word as equivalent to presbuteros (elder). It is an old word from συν επισκοποις — episkeptomai to look upon or after, to inspect, so the overseer or superintendent. In the second century πρεσβυτερος — episcopos (Ignatius) came to mean one superior to elders, but not so in the N.T. The two New Testament church officers are here mentioned (bishops or elders and deacons). The plural is here employed because there was usually one church in a city with several pastors (bishops, elders). And deacons (επισκεπτομαι — kai diakonois). Technical sense here of the other church officers as in 1 Timothy 3:8-13, not the general use as in Matthew 22:13. The origin of the office is probably seen in Acts 6:1-6. The term is often applied to preachers (1 Corinthians 3:5; 2 Corinthians 3:6). The etymology (επισχοπος — diaκαι διακονοις — konis) suggests raising a dust by hastening. [source]
And deacons [επισκεπτομαι]
Technical sense here of the other church officers as in 1 Timothy 3:8-13, not the general use as in Matthew 22:13. The origin of the office is probably seen in Acts 6:1-6. The term is often applied to preachers (1 Corinthians 3:5; 2 Corinthians 3:6). The etymology (επισχοπος — diaκαι διακονοις — konis) suggests raising a dust by hastening. [source]
Paul []
The official designation is omitted, as in 1 and 2Thessalonians and Phlippians. It is not easy to explain the use or omission of the title apostle in all cases. Here, and in Phlippians and 1Thessalonians, its omission may be accounted for by the general, unofficial, personal, affectionate character of the letter. In 2Corinthians and Galatians the reason for its use is apparent from the fact that Paul's official authority had been assailed. But it is also omitted in 2Thessalonians, which has an admonitory and rebuking character. Its use in the epistles to Timothy and Titus, private letters, is explained by the fact that Paul is addressing them not only as friends, but as pastors. In Romans, while there is no evidence of any challenge of his apostolic claims, there is an authoritative exposition of Christian doctrine which appears to warrant the title. [source]
Deacons [διακόνοις]
The word means servant, and is a general term covering both slaves and hired servants. It is thus distinct from δοῦλος bond-servantIt represents a servant, not in his relation, but in his activity. In the epistles it is often used specifically for a minister of the Gospel, 1 Corinthians 3:5; 2 Corinthians 3:6; Ephesians 3:7. Here it refers to a distinct class of officers in the apostolic church. The origin of this office is recorded Acts 6:1-6. It grew out of a complaint of the Hellenistic or Graeco-Jewish members of the Church, that their widows were neglected in the daily distribution of food and alms. The Palestinian Jews prided themselves on their pure nationality and looked upon the Greek Jews as their inferiors. Seven men were chosen to superintend this matter, and generally to care for the bodily wants of the poor. Their function was described by the phrase to serve tables, Acts 6:2, and their appointment left the apostles free to devote themselves to prayer and the ministry of the word. The men selected for the office are supposed to have been Hellenists, from the fact that all their names are Greek, and one is especially described as a proselyte, Acts 6:5; but this cannot be positively asserted, since it was not uncommon for Jews to assume Greek names. See on Romans 16:5. The work of the deacons was, primarily, the relief of the sick and poor; but spiritual ministrations naturally developed in connection with their office. The latter are referred to by the term helps, 1 Corinthians 12:28. Stephen and Philip especially appear in this capacity, Acts href="/desk/?q=ac+6:8-11&sr=1">Acts 6:8-11. Such may also be the meaning of ministering, Romans 12:7. Hence men of faith, piety, and sound judgment were recommended for the office by the apostles, Acts 6:3; 1 Timothy 3:8-13. Women were also chosen as deaconesses, and Phoebe, the bearer of the epistle to the Romans, is commonly supposed to have been one of these. See on Romans 16:1. Ignatius says of deacons: “They are not ministers of food and drink, but servants ( ὐπηρέται , see on Matthew 5:25) of the Church of God” (“Epistle to Tralles,” 2). “Let all pay respect to the deacons as to Jesus Christ” (“Tralles,” 3). “Respect the deacons as the voice of God enjoins you” (“Epistle to Smyrna,” 8). In “The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles” the local churches or individual congregations are ruled by bishops and deacons. “Elect therefore for yourselves bishops and deacons worthy of the Lord; men meek and not lovers of money, and truthful and approved; for they too minister to you the ministry of the prophets and teachers. Therefore despise them not, for they are those that are the honored among you with the prophets and teachers” (xv., 1,2). Deaconesses are not mentioned. -DIVIDER-
-DIVIDER-
[source]

Timothy []
Associated with Paul as in the introductions to 2Corinthians and the two Thessalonian epistles. Timothy assisted Paul in founding the Philippian church Acts 16:1, Acts 16:13; Acts 17:14. Two visits of Timothy to Philippi are recorded, Acts 19:22; Acts 20:3, Acts 20:4. He is evidently preparing for a third visit, see Phlippians 2:19. His only part in this letter is his name in the salutation, and in Phlippians 2:19. [source]
To all the saints [πᾶσιν τοῖς ἀγίοις]
In Paul's personal addresses in this epistle the word all occurs nine times. It is sufficiently accounted for by the expansiveness of grateful christian feeling which marks the entire letter, and it is doubtful whether it has any definite or conscious connection with the social rivalries hinted at in the epistle, and which call forth exhortations to unity, as if Paul were disclaiming all partisan feeling by the use of the term. For saints, see on Colossians 1:2; see on Romans 1:7. The word is transferred from the Old Testament. The Israelites were called ἅγιοι holyseparated and consecrated, Exodus 19:6; Deuteronomy 7:6; Deuteronomy 14:2, Deuteronomy 14:21; Daniel 7:18, Daniel 7:22, etc. The christian Church has inherited the title and the privileges of the Jewish nation. Hence it is ἔθνος ἅγιον aholy nation, 1 Peter 2:9. The term implies, but does not assert, actual, personal sanctity. It is a social, not a personal epithet. See on Acts 26:10. [source]
Philippi []
In Macedonia. Travellers by sea landed at Neapolis, and then travelled ten miles to Philippi along the Via Egnatia, which traversed Macedonia from east to west. The site was originally occupied by a town called Datus or Datum, and was known as Krenides from its numerous springs. It was called Philippi in honor of Philip of Macedon, who enlarged and fortified it. Its situation was important, commanding the great high road between Europe and Asia. This fact led to its fortification by Philip, and made it, later, the scene of the decisive battle which resulted in the defeat of Brutus and Cassius. Its soil was productive and rich in mineral treasures, which had yielded a large revenue, but which, in Paul's time, had apparently become exhausted. Augustus planted at Philippi a colonia. See on Acts 16:12. A variety of national types assembled there - Greek, Roman, and Asiatic - representing different phases of philosophy, religion, and superstition. It was therefore an appropriate starting-point for the Gospel in Europe, a field in which it could demonstrate its power to deal with all differences of nation, faith, sex, and social standing. [source]
Bishops [ἐπισκόποις]
Lit., overseers. See on visitation, 1 Peter 2:12. The word was originally a secular title, designating commissioners appointed to regulate a newly-acquired territory or a colony. It was also applied to magistrates who regulated the sale of provisions under the Romans. In the Septuagint it signifies inspectors, superintendents, taskmasters, see 2 Kings 11:19; 2 Chronicles 34:12, 2 Chronicles 34:17; or captains, presidents, Nehemiah 11:9, Nehemiah 11:14, Nehemiah 11:22. In the apostolic writings it is synonymous with presbyter or elder; and no official distinction of the episcopate as a distinct order of the ministry is recognized. Rev. has overseers in margin. [source]

What do the individual words in Philippians 1:1 mean?

Paul and Timothy servants of Christ Jesus To all the saints in Christ Jesus - being Philippi with [the] overseers deacons
Παῦλος καὶ Τιμόθεος δοῦλοι Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ Πᾶσιν τοῖς ἁγίοις ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τοῖς οὖσιν Φιλίπποις σὺν ἐπισκόποις διακόνοις

Παῦλος  Paul 
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular
Root: Παῦλος  
Sense: Paul was the most famous of the apostles and wrote a good part of the NT, the 4 Pauline epistles.
Τιμόθεος  Timothy 
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular
Root: Τιμόθεος  
Sense: a resident of Lystra, apparently, whose father was a Greek and mother a Jewess; he was Paul’s travelling companion and fellow labourer.
δοῦλοι  servants 
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Plural
Root: δοῦλοσ1 
Sense: a slave, bondman, man of servile condition.
Χριστοῦ  of  Christ 
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular
Root: Χριστός  
Sense: Christ was the Messiah, the Son of God.
Ἰησοῦ  Jesus 
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular
Root: Ἰησοῦς  
Sense: Joshua was the famous captain of the Israelites, Moses’ successor.
Πᾶσιν  To  all 
Parse: Adjective, Dative Masculine Plural
Root: πᾶς  
Sense: individually.
ἁγίοις  saints 
Parse: Adjective, Dative Masculine Plural
Root: ἅγιος  
Sense: most holy thing, a saint.
Χριστῷ  Christ 
Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Singular
Root: Χριστός  
Sense: Christ was the Messiah, the Son of God.
Ἰησοῦ  Jesus 
Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Singular
Root: Ἰησοῦς  
Sense: Joshua was the famous captain of the Israelites, Moses’ successor.
τοῖς  - 
Parse: Article, Dative Masculine Plural
Root:  
Sense: this, that, these, etc.
οὖσιν  being 
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Dative Masculine Plural
Root: εἰμί  
Sense: to be, to exist, to happen, to be present.
Φιλίπποις  Philippi 
Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Plural
Root: Φίλιπποι  
Sense: a city of Macedonia located on or near the northern coast of the Aegean Sea, between the rivers Strymon and Nestus, and the cities Neapolis and Amphipolis.
ἐπισκόποις  [the]  overseers 
Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Plural
Root: ἐπίσκοπος  
Sense: an overseer.
διακόνοις  deacons 
Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Plural
Root: διάκονος  
Sense: one who executes the commands of another, esp. of a master, a servant, attendant, minister.