The Meaning of Numbers 35:30 Explained

Numbers 35:30

KJV: Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be put to death by the mouth of witnesses: but one witness shall not testify against any person to cause him to die.

YLT: whoso smiteth a person, by the mouth of witnesses doth one slay the murderer; and one witness doth not testify against a person -- to die.

Darby: Whoever shall smite a person mortally, at the mouth of witnesses shall the murderer be put to death; but one witness shall not testify against a person to cause him to die.

ASV: Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be slain at the mouth of witnesses: but one witness shall not testify against any person that he die.

KJV Reverse Interlinear

Whoso killeth  any person,  the murderer  shall be put to death  by the mouth  of witnesses:  but one  witness  shall not testify  against any person  [to cause him] to die. 

What does Numbers 35:30 Mean?

Context Summary

Numbers 35:16-34 - The Penalty For The Murderer
For murder the penalty was death, Numbers 35:30-31; but for accidental homicide there was freedom within the city limits until the death of the high priest, when all these refugees might return to their homes with impunity. The institution of the blood-avenger was almost a necessity in those lands of scattered population and without communal organization. Here, without destroying the practice, it has been placed under careful limitations. We are our brethren's keepers, and instead of passing on a slander, we should stand for them against those who have wrongfully maligned them.
What an exquisite promise is contained in Numbers 35:34! To think that Jehovah actually dwelled in the Holy Land! He dwells also in each assembly of His saints and in our hearts. See Ezekiel 48:35; Matthew 18:20; 2 Corinthians 6:16; Revelation 21:3.
For Review Questions, see the e-Sword Book Comments [source]

Chapter Summary: Numbers 35

1  Forty-eight cities for the Levites, with their suburbs, and measure thereof
6  Six of them are to be cities of refuge
9  The laws of murder and manslaughter
31  No satisfaction for murder

What do the individual words in Numbers 35:30 mean?

Whoever kills a person on the testimony of witnesses shall be put to death - the murderer but witness one not is [sufficient] testimony against a person for the death [penalty]
כָּל־ מַ֨כֵּה־ נֶ֔פֶשׁ לְפִ֣י עֵדִ֔ים יִרְצַ֖ח אֶת־ הָרֹצֵ֑חַ וְעֵ֣ד אֶחָ֔ד לֹא־ יַעֲנֶ֥ה בְנֶ֖פֶשׁ לָמֽוּת

כָּל־  Whoever 
Parse: Noun, masculine singular construct
Root: כֹּל  
Sense: all, the whole.
מַ֨כֵּה־  kills 
Parse: Verb, Hifil, Participle, masculine singular construct
Root: נָכָה  
Sense: to strike, smite, hit, beat, slay, kill.
נֶ֔פֶשׁ  a  person 
Parse: Noun, feminine singular
Root: נֶפֶשׁ  
Sense: soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion.
לְפִ֣י  on  the  testimony 
Parse: Preposition-l, Noun, masculine singular construct
Root: פֶּה  
Sense: mouth.
עֵדִ֔ים  of  witnesses 
Parse: Noun, masculine plural
Root: עֵד  
Sense: witness.
יִרְצַ֖ח  shall  be  put  to  death 
Parse: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, third person masculine singular
Root: רָצַח  
Sense: to murder, slay, kill.
אֶת־  - 
Parse: Direct object marker
Root: אֹות 
Sense: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative.
הָרֹצֵ֑חַ  the  murderer 
Parse: Article, Verb, Qal, Participle, masculine singular
Root: רָצַח  
Sense: to murder, slay, kill.
וְעֵ֣ד  but  witness 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Noun, masculine singular
Root: עֵד  
Sense: witness.
אֶחָ֔ד  one 
Parse: Number, masculine singular
Root: אֶחָד  
Sense: one (number).
יַעֲנֶ֥ה  is  [sufficient]  testimony 
Parse: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, third person masculine singular
Root: לְעַנּׄות 
Sense: to answer, respond, testify, speak, shout.
בְנֶ֖פֶשׁ  against  a  person 
Parse: Preposition-b, Noun, feminine singular
Root: נֶפֶשׁ  
Sense: soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion.
לָמֽוּת  for  the  death  [penalty] 
Parse: Preposition-l, Verb, Qal, Infinitive construct
Root: מוּת  
Sense: to die, kill, have one executed.