KJV: And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to bear his cross.
YLT: And coming forth, they found a man, a Cyrenian, by name Simon: him they impressed that he might bear his cross;
Darby: And as they went forth they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name; him they compelled to go with them that he might bear his cross.
ASV: And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to go with them , that he might bear his cross.
Ἐξερχόμενοι | Going forth |
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: ἐξέρχομαι Sense: to go or come forth of. |
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δὲ | now |
Parse: Conjunction Root: δέ Sense: but, moreover, and, etc. |
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εὗρον | they found |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: εὑρίσκω Sense: to come upon, hit upon, to meet with. |
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ἄνθρωπον | a man |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: ἄνθρωπος Sense: a human being, whether male or female. |
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Κυρηναῖον | of Cyrene |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: Κυρεῖνος Sense: a native of Cyrene. |
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ὀνόματι | named |
Parse: Noun, Dative Neuter Singular Root: ὄνομα Sense: name: univ. |
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Σίμωνα | Simon |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: Σίμων Sense: Peter was one of the apostles. |
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ἠγγάρευσαν | they compelled |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἀγγαρεύω Sense: to employ a courier, dispatch a mounted messenger, press into public service, compel to go. |
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ἵνα | that |
Parse: Conjunction Root: ἵνα Sense: that, in order that, so that. |
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ἄρῃ | he might carry |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Subjunctive Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: αἴρω Sense: to raise up, elevate, lift up. |
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σταυρὸν | cross |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: σταυρός Sense: an upright stake, esp. |
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αὐτοῦ | of Him |
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
Greek Commentary for Matthew 27:32
This word of Persian origin was used in Matthew 5:41, which see. There are numerous papyri examples of Ptolemaic date and it survives in modern Greek vernacular. So the soldiers treat Simon of Cyrene (a town of Libya) as a Persian courier Yes, and the burden of sin of the world that was breaking his heart. [source]
Jesus had used the term cross about himself (Matthew 16:24). It was a familiar enough picture under Roman rule. Jesus had long foreseen and foretold this horrible form of death for himself (Matthew 20:19; Matthew 23:24; Matthew 26:2). He had heard the cry of the mob to Pilate that he be crucified (Matthew 27:22) and Pilate‘s surrender (Matthew 27:26) and he was on the way to the Cross (Matthew 27:31). There were various kinds of crosses and we do not know precisely the shape of the Cross on which Jesus was crucified, though probably the one usually presented is correct. Usually the victim was nailed (hands and feet) to the cross before it was raised and it was not very high. The crucifixion was done by the soldiers (Matthew 27:35) in charge and two robbers were crucified on each side of Jesus, three crosses standing in a row (Matthew 27:38). [source]
See on Matthew 5:41. Rev. has impressed in margin. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Matthew 27:32
The Vulgate has angariaverit. The word is of Persian origin and means public couriers or mounted messengers (αγγαροι aggaroi) who were stationed by the King of Persia at fixed localities, with horses ready for use, to send royal messages from one to another. So if a man is passing such a post-station, an official may rush out and compel him to go back to another station to do an errand for the king. This was called impressment into service. This very thing was done to Simon of Cyrene who was thus compelled to carry the cross of Christ (Matthew 27:32, ηγγαρευσαν ēggareusan). [source]
Dramatic present indicative again where Matthew 27:32 has the aorist. For this Persian word see Matthew 5:41; Matthew 27:32. [source]
Hence Simon met the procession. Mark adds that he was “the father of Alexander and Rufus.” Paul mentions a Rufus in Romans 16:13, but it was a common name and proves nothing. See note on Matthew 27:32 for discussion of cross-bearing by criminals. Luke adds “after Jesus” But Jesus bore his own cross till he was relieved of it, and he walked in front of his own cross for the rest of the way. [source]
Second aorist middle participle of the common verb επιλαμβανω epilambanō The soldiers had no scruples about taking hold of any one of themselves (middle voice). Mark 15:21; Matthew 27:32 use the technical word for this process αγγαρευω aggareuō which see note for discussion and also about Cyrene. [source]
The best texts read αὑτῷ or ἑαυτῷ , “bearing the cross for Himself.” John does not mention the impressment of Simon of Cyrene for this service. Compare Matthew 27:32; Mark 15:21; Luke 23:26. [source]
Cf. Luke 14:27 for this very picture in the words of Jesus. The dative case of the reflexive pronoun αυτωι hautōi “for himself” is in strict accord with Roman custom. “A criminal condemned to be crucified was required to carry his own cross” (Bernard). But apparently Jesus under the strain of the night before and the anguish of heart within him gave out so that Simon of Cyrene was impressed to carry it for Jesus (Mark 15:21.; Matthew 27:32.; Luke 23:26). See Mark 15:22.; Matthew 27:33.; Luke 23:33 for the meaning of “place of a skull” or Calvary and Golgotha in Hebrew (Aramaic). Luke has simply Κρανιον Kranion (Skull), a skull-looking place. [source]