KJV: But Jesus answered and said, Ye know not what ye ask. Are ye able to drink of the cup that I shall drink of, and to be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with? They say unto him, We are able.
YLT: And Jesus answering said, 'Ye have not known what ye ask for yourselves; are ye able to drink of the cup that I am about to drink? and with the baptism that I am baptized with, to be baptized?' They say to him, 'We are able.'
Darby: And Jesus answering said, Ye know not what ye ask. Can ye drink the cup which I am about to drink? They say to him, We are able.
ASV: But Jesus answered and said, Ye know not what ye ask. Are ye able to drink the cup that I am about to drink? They say unto him, We are able.
| Ἀποκριθεὶς | Answering |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Passive, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ἀποκρίνομαι Sense: to give an answer to a question proposed, to answer. |
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| δὲ | now |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: δέ Sense: but, moreover, and, etc. |
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| ὁ | - |
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Parse: Article, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| Ἰησοῦς | Jesus |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: Ἰησοῦς Sense: Joshua was the famous captain of the Israelites, Moses’ successor. |
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| εἶπεν | said |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: λέγω Sense: to speak, say. |
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| οἴδατε | you know |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Indicative Active, 2nd Person Plural Root: οἶδα Sense: to see. |
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| αἰτεῖσθε | you ask for |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Middle, 2nd Person Plural Root: αἰτέω Sense: to ask, beg, call for, crave, desire, require. |
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| δύνασθε | Are you able |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Middle or Passive, 2nd Person Plural Root: δύναμαι Sense: to be able, have power whether by virtue of one’s own ability and resources, or of a state of mind, or through favourable circumstances, or by permission of law or custom. |
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| πιεῖν | to drink |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active Root: πίνω Sense: to drink. |
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| ποτήριον | cup |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Singular Root: ποτήριον Sense: a cup, a drinking vessel. |
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| μέλλω | am about |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 1st Person Singular Root: μέλλω Sense: to be about. |
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| πίνειν | to drink |
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Parse: Verb, Present Infinitive Active Root: πίνω Sense: to drink. |
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| βάπτισμα | baptism |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Neuter Singular Root: βάπτισμα Sense: immersion, submersion. |
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| βαπτίζομαι | am baptized |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Passive, 1st Person Singular Root: βαπτίζω Sense: to dip repeatedly, to immerse, to submerge (of vessels sunk). |
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| βαπτισθῆναι⧽ | to be baptized [with] |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Passive Root: βαπτίζω Sense: to dip repeatedly, to immerse, to submerge (of vessels sunk). |
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| Λέγουσιν | They say |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: λέγω Sense: to say, to speak. |
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| αὐτῷ | to Him |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Dative Masculine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| Δυνάμεθα | We are able |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Middle or Passive, 1st Person Plural Root: δύναμαι Sense: to be able, have power whether by virtue of one’s own ability and resources, or of a state of mind, or through favourable circumstances, or by permission of law or custom. |
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Greek Commentary for Matthew 20:22
How often that is true. Αιτειστε Aiteisthe is indirect middle voice, “ask for yourselves,” “a selfish request.” [source]
Amazing proof of their ignorance and self-confidence. Ambition had blinded their eyes. They had not caught the martyr spirit. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Matthew 20:22
The figure can mean only the approaching death. Jesus had used it of his coming death when James and John came to him with their ambitious request, “the cup which I am about to drink” (Matthew 20:22). But now the Master is about to taste the bitter dregs in the cup of death for the sin of the world. He was not afraid that he would die before the Cross, though he instinctively shrank from the cup, but instantly surrendered his will to the Father‘s will and drank it to the full. Evidently Satan tempted Christ now to draw back from the Cross. Here Jesus won the power to go on to Calvary. [source]
Cognate accusative with both passive verbs. Matthew 20:22 has only the cup, but Mark has both the cup and the baptism, both referring to death. Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane will refer to his death again as “the cup” (Mark 14:36; Matthew 26:39; Luke 22:42). He had already used baptism as a figure for his death (Luke 12:50). Paul will use it several times (1 Corinthians 15:29; Romans 6:3-6; Colossians 2:12). [source]
Once again Jesus will call his baptism the baptism of blood and will challenge James and John to it (Mark 10:32.; Matthew 20:22.). So here. “Having used the metaphor of fire, Christ now uses the metaphor of water. The one sets forth the result of his coming as it affects the world, the other as it affects himself. The world is lit up with flames and Christ is bathed in blood” (Plummer). [source]
Old word from τιτημι tithēmi to put for box or sheath, only here in N.T. In Matthew 26:52 Christ‘s warning is given. The cup Metaphor for Christ‘s death, used already in reply to request of James and John (Mark 10:39; Matthew 20:22) and in the agony in Gethsemane before Judas came (Mark 14:36; Matthew 26:39; Luke 22:42), which is not given by John. The case of το ποτηριον to potērion is the suspended nominative for note αυτο auto (it) referring to it. Shall I not drink? Second aorist active subjunctive of πινω pinō with the double negative ου μη ou mē in a question expecting the affirmative answer. Abbott takes it as an exclamation and compares John 6:37; Mark 14:25. [source]
Not things suffered for Christ's sake, but Christ's own sufferings as they are shared by His disciples. See Matthew 20:22; Philemon 3:10; Colossians 1:24; 1 Peter 4:13. Note the peculiar phrase abound ( περισσεύει ) in us, by which Christ's sufferings are represented as overflowing upon His followers. See on Colossians 1:24. [source]
Participation in Christ's sufferings. See Matthew 20:22, Matthew 20:23; and on Colossians 1:24. Compare 2 Corinthians 1:5; 1 Peter 4:13. Faith makes a believer one with a suffering Christ. [source]
Declarative again, as in 1 John 5:11.If we ask anything (εαν τι αιτωμετα ean ti aitōmetha). Condition of third class with εαν ean and present middle (indirect) subjunctive (personal interest as in James 4:3, though the point is not to be pressed too far, for see Matthew 20:20, Matthew 20:22; John 16:24, John 16:26).According to his will This is the secret in all prayer, even in the case of Jesus himself. For the phrase see 1 Peter 4:19; Galatians 1:4; Ephesians 1:5, Ephesians 1:11.He heareth us (ακουει ημων akouei hēmōn). Even when God does not give us what we ask, in particular then (Hebrews 5:7.). [source]
Condition of third class with εαν ean and present middle (indirect) subjunctive (personal interest as in James 4:3, though the point is not to be pressed too far, for see Matthew 20:20, Matthew 20:22; John 16:24, John 16:26). [source]