KJV: He saith unto them, Moses because of the hardness of your hearts suffered you to put away your wives: but from the beginning it was not so.
YLT: He saith to them -- 'Moses for your stiffness of heart did suffer you to put away your wives, but from the beginning it hath not been so.
Darby: He says to them, Moses, in view of your hardheartedness, allowed you to put away your wives; but from the beginning it was not thus.
ASV: He saith unto them, Moses for your hardness of heart suffered you to put away your wives: but from the beginning it hath not been so.
Λέγει | He says |
Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: λέγω Sense: to say, to speak. |
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αὐτοῖς | to them |
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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Ὅτι | - |
Parse: Conjunction Root: ὅτι Sense: that, because, since. |
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Μωϋσῆς | Moses |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: Μωσεύς Sense: the legislator of the Jewish people and in a certain sense the founder of the Jewish religion. |
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πρὸς | in view of |
Parse: Preposition Root: πρός Sense: to the advantage of. |
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σκληροκαρδίαν | hardness of heart |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: σκληροκαρδία Sense: hardness of heart. |
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ὑμῶν | of you |
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive 2nd Person Plural Root: σύ Sense: you. |
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ἐπέτρεψεν | allowed |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἐπιτρέπω Sense: to turn to, transfer, commit, instruct. |
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ἀπολῦσαι | to divorce |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active Root: ἀπολύω Sense: to set free. |
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γυναῖκας | wives |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Plural Root: γυνή Sense: a woman of any age, whether a virgin, or married, or a widow. |
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ἀπ’ | from [the] |
Parse: Preposition Root: ἀπό Sense: of separation. |
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ἀρχῆς | beginning |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ἀρχή Sense: beginning, origin. |
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δὲ | however |
Parse: Conjunction Root: δέ Sense: but, moreover, and, etc. |
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γέγονεν | was [it] |
Parse: Verb, Perfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: γίνομαι Sense: to become, i. |
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οὕτως | this way |
Parse: Adverb Root: οὕτως Sense: in this manner, thus, so. |
Greek Commentary for Matthew 19:8
The word is apparently one of the few Biblical words (lxx and the N.T.). It is a heart dried up (σκληρος sklēros), hard and tough. [source]
The present perfect active of γινομαι ginomai to emphasize the permanence of the divine ideal. “The original ordinance has never been abrogated nor superseded, but continues in force” (Vincent). “How small the Pharisaic disputants must have felt in presence of such holy teaching, which soars above the partisan view of controversialists into the serene region of ideal, universal, eternal truth” (Bruce). [source]
Rev., for: having regard to. [source]
The A. V. is commonly understood to mean, it was not so in the beginning. But that is not Christ's meaning. The verb is in the perfect tense (denoting the continuance of past action or its results down to the present). He means: Notwithstanding Moses' permission, the case has not been so from the beginning until now. The original ordinance has never been abrogated nor superseded, but continues in force. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Matthew 19:8
The word for “bill” Wycliff has it here “a libel of forsaking.” This same point the Pharisees raise in Matthew 19:7, showing probably that they held to the liberal view of Hillel, easy divorce for almost any cause. That was the popular view as now. See note on Matthew 19:8 for this and for discussion of “for your hardness of heart” Jesus expounds the purpose of marriage (Genesis 2:24) and takes the stricter view of divorce, that of the school of Shammai. See notes on Matthew 19:3-11 for discussion. Mark 10:10 notes that the disciples asked Jesus about this problem “in the house” after they had gone away from the crowd. [source]
In N.T. mostly in this epistle. Comp. Acts 19:9; Romans 9:18, see note. The group of kindred words consists of σκληρός hard(see on Matthew 25:24; see on Judges 1:14); σκλψρότης hardness(Romans 2:5); σκληρύνειν toharden (Acts 19:9; Romans 9:18); and the compounds σκληροκαρδία hardnessof heart (Matthew 19:8; Mark 10:5), and σκληροτράχηλος stiff-necked(Acts 7:5). All occur in lxx, with the addition of σκληρῶς hardlypainfully (not in N.T.). [source]