KJV: And, behold, there was a man which had his hand withered. And they asked him, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath days? that they might accuse him.
YLT: and lo, there was a man having the hand withered, and they questioned him, saying, 'Is it lawful to heal on the sabbaths?' that they might accuse him.
Darby: And behold, there was a man having his hand withered. And they asked him, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath? that they might accuse him.
ASV: and behold, a man having a withered hand. And they asked him, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath day? that they might accuse him.
| ἰδοὺ | behold |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Imperative Active, 2nd Person Singular Root: ἰδού Sense: behold, see, lo. |
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| ἄνθρωπος | a man |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ἄνθρωπος Sense: a human being, whether male or female. |
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| χεῖρα | a hand |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: χείρ Sense: by the help or agency of any one, by means of any one. |
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| ξηράν | withered |
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Parse: Adjective, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: ξηρός Sense: dry. |
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| ἐπηρώτησαν | they asked |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἐπερωτάω Sense: to accost one with an enquiry, put a question to, enquiry of, ask, interrogate. |
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| λέγοντες | saying |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: λέγω Sense: to say, to speak. |
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| ἔξεστιν | it lawful |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἔξεστι Sense: it is lawful. |
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| τοῖς | on the |
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Parse: Article, Dative Neuter Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| σάββασιν | Sabbaths |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Neuter Plural Root: σάββατον Sense: the seventh day of each week which was a sacred festival on which the Israelites were required to abstain from all work. |
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| θεραπεῦσαι | to heal |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active Root: θεραπεύω Sense: to serve, do service. |
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| ἵνα | so that |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: ἵνα Sense: that, in order that, so that. |
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| κατηγορήσωσιν | they might accuse |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Subjunctive Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: κατηγορέω Sense: to accuse. |
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Greek Commentary for Matthew 12:10
The use of ει ei in direct questions is really elliptical and seems an imitation of the Hebrew (Robertson, Grammar, p. 916). See also Matthew 19:3. It is not translated in English. [source]
The εἰ can hardly be rendered into English. It gives an indeterminate, hesitating character to the question: I would like to know if, etc. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Matthew 12:10
So Matthew 12:10. Luke has it “that they might find how to accuse him” They were determined to accuse him. The sabbath controversy offered the best opening. So here they are ready for business. [source]
In these five porches. Lay Imperfect middle of κατακειμαι katakeimai to lie down, singular number because πλητος plēthos (multitude) is a collective substantive. Withered Old adjective χηρος xēros for dry, wasted as the hand (Matthew 12:10). The oldest and best manuscripts omit what the Textus Receptus adds here “waiting for the moving of the water” (εκδεχομενον την του υδατος κινησιν ekdechomenon tēn tou hudatos kinēsin), a Western and Syrian addition to throw light on the word ταραχτηι tarachthēi (is troubled) in John 5:7. [source]
Evil sense of this present active participle of πειραζω peirazō as so often (Mark 8:11; Mark 10:2, etc.). That they might have whereof to accuse him Purpose clause with ινα hina and present active subjunctive of εχω echō This laying of traps for Jesus was a common practice of his enemies (Luke 11:16, etc.). Note present active infinitive of κατηγορεω katēgoreō (see Matthew 12:10 for the verb) to go on accusing (with genitive αυτου autou). It was now a habit with these rabbis. Stooped down First aorist active participle of κυπτω kuptō old verb to bow the head, to bend forward, in N.T. only here and John 8:8; Mark 1:7. The use of κατω katō (down) gives a vivid touch to the picture. With his finger Instrumental case of δακτυλος daktulos for which see Matthew 23:4. Wrote on the ground Imperfect active of καταγραπω katagraphō old compound, here only in N.T., to draw, to delineate, to write down, apparently inchoative, began to write on the sand as every one has done sometimes. The only mention of writing by Jesus and the use of καταγραπω katagraphō leaves it uncertain whether he was writing words or drawing pictures or making signs. If we only knew what he wrote! Certainly Jesus knew how to write. And yet more books have been written about this one who wrote nothing that is preserved than any other person or subject in human history. There is a tradition that Jesus wrote down the names and sins of these accusers. That is not likely. They were written on their hearts. Jesus alone on this occasion showed embarrassment over this woman‘s sin. [source]
Imperfect active, repeatedly asked before Jesus answered. Lord (κυριε kurie). Here not in the sense of “sir” (Matthew 21:30), but to Jesus as Lord and Master as often in Acts (Acts 19:5, Acts 19:10, etc.) and in prayer to Jesus (Acts 7:59). Dost thou restore The use of ει ei in an indirect question is common. We have already seen its use in direct questions (Matthew 12:10; Luke 13:23 which see note for discussion), possibly in imitation of the Hebrew (frequent in the lxx) or as a partial condition without conclusion. See also Acts 7:1; Acts 19:2; Acts 21:37; Acts 22:25. The form of the verb αποκατιστανω apokathistanō is late (also αποκατισταω apokathistaō) omega form for the old and common αποκατιστημι apokathistēmi double compound, to restore to its former state. As a matter of fact the Messianic kingdom for which they are asking is a political kingdom that would throw off the hated Roman yoke. It is a futuristic present and they are uneasy that Jesus may yet fail to fulfil their hopes. Surely here is proof that the eleven apostles needed the promise of the Father before they began to spread the message of the Risen Christ. They still yearn for a political kingdom for Israel even after faith and hope have come back. They need the enlightenment of the Holy Spirit (John 14-16) and the power of the Holy Spirit (Acts 1:4.). [source]
The use of ει ei in an indirect question is common. We have already seen its use in direct questions (Matthew 12:10; Luke 13:23 which see note for discussion), possibly in imitation of the Hebrew (frequent in the lxx) or as a partial condition without conclusion. See also Acts 7:1; Acts 19:2; Acts 21:37; Acts 22:25. The form of the verb αποκατιστανω apokathistanō is late (also αποκατισταω apokathistaō) omega form for the old and common αποκατιστημι apokathistēmi double compound, to restore to its former state. As a matter of fact the Messianic kingdom for which they are asking is a political kingdom that would throw off the hated Roman yoke. It is a futuristic present and they are uneasy that Jesus may yet fail to fulfil their hopes. Surely here is proof that the eleven apostles needed the promise of the Father before they began to spread the message of the Risen Christ. They still yearn for a political kingdom for Israel even after faith and hope have come back. They need the enlightenment of the Holy Spirit (John 14-16) and the power of the Holy Spirit (Acts 1:4.). [source]
Associative instrumental case with συν sun In the lxx this late word (from καυσος kausos) is usually the sirocco, the dry east wind from the desert (Job 1:19). In Matthew 20:12; Luke 12:55 it is the burning heat of the sun. Either makes sense here.Withereth (εχηρανεν exēranen). Another gnomic aorist active indicative (Robertson, Grammar, p. 837) of χηραινω xērainō old verb (from χηρος xēros dry or withered, Matthew 12:10), to dry up. Grass and flowers are often used to picture the transitoriness of human life.Falleth Another gnomic aorist (second aorist active indicative) of εκπιπτω ekpiptō to fall out (off).The grace (η ευπρεπεια hē euprepeia). Old word (from ευπρεπης euprepēs well-looking, not in the N.T.), only here in N.T. Goodly appearance, beauty.Of the fashion of it “Of the face of it.” The flower is pictured as having a “face,” like a rose or lily.Perisheth (απωλετο apōleto). Another gnomic aorist (second aorist middle indicative of απολλυμι apollumi to destroy, but intransitive here, to perish). The beautiful rose is pitiful when withered.Shall fade away Future passive indicative of μαραινω marainō old verb, to extinguish a flame, a light. Used of roses in Wisdom 2:8.Goings (πορειαις poreiais). Old word from πορευω poreuō to journey, in N.T. only here and Luke 13:22 (of Christ‘s journey toward Jerusalem). The rich man‘s travels will come to “journey‘s end.” [source]
Another gnomic aorist active indicative (Robertson, Grammar, p. 837) of χηραινω xērainō old verb (from χηρος xēros dry or withered, Matthew 12:10), to dry up. Grass and flowers are often used to picture the transitoriness of human life. [source]