KJV: And forthwith Jesus gave them leave. And the unclean spirits went out, and entered into the swine: and the herd ran violently down a steep place into the sea, (they were about two thousand;) and were choked in the sea.
YLT: and immediately Jesus gave them leave, and having come forth, the unclean spirits did enter into the swine, and the herd did rush down the steep place to the sea -- and they were about two thousand -- and they were choked in the sea.
Darby: And Jesus immediately allowed them. And the unclean spirits going out entered into the swine, and the herd rushed down the steep slope, into the sea (about two thousand), and were choked in the sea.
ASV: And he gave them leave. And the unclean spirits came out, and entered into the swine: and the herd rushed down the steep into the sea, in number about two thousand; and they were drowned in the sea.
| ἐπέτρεψεν | He allowed |
|
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἐπιτρέπω Sense: to turn to, transfer, commit, instruct. |
|
| ἐξελθόντα | having gone out |
|
Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: ἐξέρχομαι Sense: to go or come forth of. |
|
| πνεύματα | spirits |
|
Parse: Noun, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: πνεῦμα Sense: a movement of air (a gentle blast. |
|
| τὰ | - |
|
Parse: Article, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
|
| ἀκάθαρτα | unclean |
|
Parse: Adjective, Nominative Neuter Plural Root: ἀκάθαρτος Sense: not cleansed, unclean. |
|
| εἰσῆλθον | entered |
|
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: εἰσέρχομαι Sense: to go out or come in: to enter. |
|
| εἰς | into |
|
Parse: Preposition Root: εἰς Sense: into, unto, to, towards, for, among. |
|
| χοίρους | pigs |
|
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Plural Root: χοῖρος Sense: a swine. |
|
| ὥρμησεν | rushed |
|
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ὁρμάω Sense: to set in rapid motion, stir up, incite, urge on. |
|
| ἀγέλη | herd |
|
Parse: Noun, Nominative Feminine Singular Root: ἀγέλη Sense: herd or oxen or cattle, a herd or company. |
|
| κατὰ | down |
|
Parse: Preposition Root: κατά Sense: down from, through out. |
|
| κρημνοῦ | steep bank |
|
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: κρημνός Sense: a steep place, a precipice. |
|
| θάλασσαν | sea |
|
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: θάλασσα Sense: the sea. |
|
| ὡς | about |
|
Parse: Adverb Root: ὡς Sense: as, like, even as, etc. |
|
| δισχίλιοι | two thousand |
|
Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: δισχίλιοι Sense: two thousand. |
|
| ἐπνίγοντο | they were drowned |
|
Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Plural Root: πνίγω Sense: to choke, strangle. |
|
| θαλάσσῃ | sea |
|
Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Singular Root: θάλασσα Sense: the sea. |
|
Greek Commentary for Mark 5:13
These words present the crucial difficulty for interpreters as to why Jesus allowed the demons to enter the hogs and destroy them instead of sending them back to the abyss. Certainly it was better for hogs to perish than men, but this loss of property raises a difficulty of its own akin to the problem of tornadoes and earthquakes. The question of one man containing so many demons is difficult also, but not much more so than how one demon can dwell in a man and make his home there. One is reminded of the man out of whom a demon was cast, but the demon came back with seven other demons and took possession. Gould thinks that this man with a legion of demons merely makes a historical exaggeration. “I feel as if I were possessed by a thousand devils.” That is too easy an explanation. See note on Matthew 8:32 for “rushed down the steep.” [source]
Imperfect tense picturing graphically the disappearance of pig after pig in the sea. Luke 8:33 has apegnigē choked off, constative second aorist passive indicative, treated as a whole, Matthew 8:32 merely has “perished” (επνιγοντο apethanon died). [source]
, constative second aorist passive indicative, treated as a whole, Matthew 8:32 merely has “perished” (επνιγοντο apethanon died). [source]
The verb indicates hasty, headlong motion. Hence, as Rev., rushed. [source]
As usual, Mark alone gives the detail of number. [source]
But the noun has the definite article: τοῦ κρημνοῦ , the steep, as Rev. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Mark 5:13
Lit., throttled. Wyc., strangled. Compare were choked, Mark 5:13. Creditors often dragged their debtors before the judge, as the Roman law allowed them to do, holding them by the throat. Thus Livy (4: 53), relates how, a difficulty having arisen between the consul Valerius and one Menenius, the tribunes put an end to the contest, and the consul ordered into prison (collum torsisset, twisted the neck ) the few who appealed. And Cicero (“Pro Cluentio,” xxi.) “Lead him to the judgment-seat with twisted neck (collo obtorto )Compare Cicero, “In C. Verrem,” 4:10. [source]
So Luke 8:30, but not Matthew. Latin word (legio). A full Roman legion had 6,826 men. See note on Matthew 26:53. This may not have been a full legion, for Mark 5:13 notes that the number of hogs was “about two thousand.” Of course, a stickler for words might say that each hog had several demons. [source]
Ablative with κατα kata as in Mark 5:13; Matthew 8:32 and the same vivid verb in each account, to hurl impetuously, to rush. [source]
Second aorist (constative) passive indicative third singular (collective singular) where Mark 5:13 has the picturesque imperfect επνιγοντο epnigonto f0). [source]
Second aorist active indicative of βαλλω ballō to throw. Here “dashed” (intransitive). Αυτης Autēs is in the ablative, not genitive case, beat “down from it” (Crete), not “against it or on it.” (Robertson, Grammar, p. 606). Αυτης Autēs cannot refer to πλοιον ploion (boat) which is neuter. So the ablative case with κατα kata as in Mark 5:13, Homer also. The Cretan mountains are over 7,000 feet high. A tempestuous wind which is called Euraquilo (ανεμος τυπωνικος ο καλουμενος Ευρακυλων anemos tuphōnikos ho kaloumenos Eurakulōn). ΤυπωνΤυπως Tuphōn̂Tuphōs was used for the typhoon, a violent whirlwind (τυρβο turbo) or squall. This word gives the character of the wind. The Ευρακυλων Eurakulōn (reading of Aleph A B against the Textus Receptus Ευροκλυδων Eurokludōn) has not been found elsewhere. Blass calls it a hybrid word compounded of the Greek ευρος euros (east wind) and the Latin αθυιλο aquilo (northeast). It is made like ευρονοτος euronotos (southeast). The Vulgate has euroaquilo. It is thus the east north east wind. Page considers Euroclydon to be a corruption of Euraquilo. Here the name gives the direction of the wind. [source]