KJV: And when they could not come nigh unto him for the press, they uncovered the roof where he was: and when they had broken it up, they let down the bed wherein the sick of the palsy lay.
YLT: and not being able to come near to him because of the multitude, they uncovered the roof where he was, and, having broken it up, they let down the couch on which the paralytic was lying,
Darby: and, not being able to get near to him on account of the crowd, they uncovered the roof where he was, and having dug it up they let down the couch on which the paralytic lay.
ASV: And when they could not come nigh unto him for the crowd, they uncovered the roof where he was: and when they had broken it up, they let down the bed whereon the sick of the palsy lay.
| δυνάμενοι | being able |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: δύναμαι Sense: to be able, have power whether by virtue of one’s own ability and resources, or of a state of mind, or through favourable circumstances, or by permission of law or custom. |
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| προσενέγκαι | to come near |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active Root: προσφέρω Sense: to bring to, lead to. |
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| αὐτῷ | to Him |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Dative Masculine 3rd Person Singular Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| διὰ | on account of |
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Parse: Preposition Root: διά Sense: through. |
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| ὄχλον | crowd |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: ὄχλος Sense: a crowd. |
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| ἀπεστέγασαν | they removed |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἀποστεγάζω Sense: to uncover, take off the roof. |
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| στέγην | roof |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: στέγη Sense: a roof: of a house. |
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| ὅπου | where |
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Parse: Adverb Root: ὅπου Sense: where, whereas. |
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| ἦν | He was |
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Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: εἰμί Sense: to be, to exist, to happen, to be present. |
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| ἐξορύξαντες | having broken up [it] |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: ἐξορύσσω Sense: to dig out, to pluck out (the eyes). |
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| χαλῶσι | they let down |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: χαλάω Sense: to loosen, slacken, relax. |
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| κράβαττον | pallet |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: κράβαττος Sense: a pallet, camp bed (a rather simple bed holding only one person). |
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| ὅπου | on which |
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Parse: Adverb Root: ὅπου Sense: where, whereas. |
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| παραλυτικὸς | paralytic |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: παραλυτικός Sense: paralytic. |
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| κατέκειτο | was lying |
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Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: κατάκειμαι Sense: to have lain down, i.e. to lie prostrate. |
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Greek Commentary for Mark 2:4
But Westcott and Hort read προσενεγκαι prosenegkai to bring to, after Aleph, B, L, 33, 63 (cf. John 5:18). [source]
They unroofed the roof (note paronomasia in the Greek and cognate accusative). The only instance of this verb in the N.T. A rare word in late Greek, no papyrus example given in Moulton and Milligan Vocabulary. They climbed up a stairway on the outside or ladder to the flat tile roof and dug out or broke up There were thus tiles “A composition of mortar, tar, ashes and sand is spread upon the roofs, and rolled hard, and grass grows in the crevices. On the houses of the poor in the country the grass grows more freely, and goats may be seen on the roofs cropping it” (Vincent).They let down the bed (χαλωσι τον κραβαττον chalōsi ton krabatton), historical present again, aorist tense in Luke 5:19 (κατηκαν kathēkan). The verb means to lower from a higher place as from a boat. Probably the four men had a rope fastened to each corner of the pallet or poor man‘s bed (κραβαττον krabatton Latin grabatus. So one of Mark‘s Latin words). Matthew (Matthew 9:2) has κλινη klinē general term for bed. Luke has κλινιδιον klinidion (little bed or couch). Mark‘s word is common in the papyri and is spelled also κραββατος krabbatos sometimes κραβατος krabatos while W, Codex Washingtonius, has it κραββατον krabbaton f0). [source]
The verb means to lower from a higher place as from a boat. Probably the four men had a rope fastened to each corner of the pallet or poor man‘s bed Matthew (Matthew 9:2) has κλινη klinē general term for bed. Luke has κλινιδιον klinidion (little bed or couch). Mark‘s word is common in the papyri and is spelled also κραββατος krabbatos sometimes κραβατος krabatos while W, Codex Washingtonius, has it κραββατον krabbaton f0). [source]
The word does not occur elsewhere in the New Testament. But some read προσενέγκαι , bring him unto him. So Rev., in margin. [source]
The only use of the word in New Testament. [source]
Lit., scooped it out. Very graphic and true to fact. A modern roof would be untiled or unshingled; but an oriental roof would have to be dug to make such an opening as was required. A composition of mortar, tar, ashes, and sand is spread upon the roofs, and rolled hard, and grass grows in the crevices. On the houses of the poor in the country the grass grows more freely, and goats may be seen on the roofs cropping it. In some cases, as in this, stone slabs are laid across the joists. See Luke 5:19, where it is said they let him down through the tiles; so that they would be obliged, not only to dig through the grass and earth, but also to pry up the tiles. Compare Psalm 129:6. [source]
One of Mark's Latin words, grabatus, and condemned by the grammarians as inelegant. A rude pallet, merely a thickly padded quilt or mat, held at the corners, and requiring no cords to let it down. They could easily reach the roof by the steps on the outside, as the roof is low; or they could have gone into an adjoining house and passed along the roofs. Some suppose that the crowd was assembled in an upper chamber, which sometimes extended over the whole area of the house. It is not possible accurately to reproduce the details of the scene. Dr. Thomson says that Jesus probably stood in the lewan or reception-room, a hall which is entered from the court or street by an open arch; or he may have taken his stand in the covered court in front of the house itself, Which usually has open arches on three sides, and the crowd was around and in front of him. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Mark 2:4
Condemned as bad Greek, but used by both Luke and John. See on Mark 2:4. [source]
Pallets like that of the man let down through the roof (Mark 2:4).Where they heard he was (οπου ηκουον οτι εστιν hopou ēkouon hoti estin). Imperfect tense of ακουω akouō (repetition), present indicative εστιν estin retained in indirect discourse. [source]
Luke uses four words for the beds o£ the sick: κλίνη , as Luke 5:18, the general word for a bed or couch; κράββατος , (Acts 5:15; Acts 9:33), a rude pallet (see on Mark 2:4); κλινίδιον , a small couch or litter, as here, a couch so light that a woman could lift and carry it away. Thus, in the “Lysistrata” of Aristophanes, 916, Myrrine says: “Come now, let me carry our couch” ( κλινίδιον )The fourth term, κλινάριον (Acts 5:15), cannot be accurately distinguished from the last. The last two are peculiar to Luke. [source]
See on Mark 2:4. [source]
The same double compound verb as in Luke 5:3, only here second aorist active imperative second person singular.Let down (χαλασατε chalasate). Peter was master of the craft and so he was addressed first. First aorist active imperative second person plural. Here the whole crew are addressed. The verb is the regular nautical term for lowering cargo or boats (Acts 27:17, Acts 27:30). But it was used for lowering anything from a higher place (Mark 2:4; Acts 9:25; 2 Corinthians 11:33). For a catch (εις αγραν eis agran). This purpose was the startling thing that stirred up Simon. [source]
Peter was master of the craft and so he was addressed first. First aorist active imperative second person plural. Here the whole crew are addressed. The verb is the regular nautical term for lowering cargo or boats (Acts 27:17, Acts 27:30). But it was used for lowering anything from a higher place (Mark 2:4; Acts 9:25; 2 Corinthians 11:33). For a catch This purpose was the startling thing that stirred up Simon. [source]
Very old word. The flat roof of Jewish houses was usually reached by outside stairway. Cf. Acts 10:9 where Peter went for meditation.Through the tiles (δια των κεραμων dia tōn keramōn). Common and old word for the tile roof. Mark 2:4 speaks of digging a hole in this tile roof.Let him down First aorist (k aorist) effective active of κατιημι kathiēmi common verb. Mark 2:4 has historical present χαλωσι chalōsi the verb used by Jesus to Peter and in Peter‘s reply (Luke 5:4.).With his couch (συν τωι κλινιδιωι sun tōi klinidiōi). Also in Luke 5:24. Diminutive of κλινη klinē (Luke 5:18) occurring in Plutarch and Koiné writers. Mark 2:4 has κραβαττον krabatton (pallet). It doubtless was a pallet on which the paralytic lay.Into the midst before Jesus The four friends had succeeded, probably each holding a rope to a corner of the pallet. It was a moment of triumph over difficulties and surprise to all in the house (Peter‘s apparently, Mark 2:1). [source]
Common and old word for the tile roof. Mark 2:4 speaks of digging a hole in this tile roof. [source]
Also in Luke 5:24. Diminutive of κλινη klinē (Luke 5:18) occurring in Plutarch and Koiné writers. Mark 2:4 has κραβαττον krabatton (pallet). It doubtless was a pallet on which the paralytic lay. [source]
Present middle (direct use) imperative of σκυλλω skullō old verb originally meaning to skin, to mangle, and then in later Greek to vex, trouble, annoy. Frequent in the papyri in this latter sense.For I am not worthy that (ου γαρ ικανος ειμι ινα ou gar hikanos eimi hina). The same word ικανος hikanos not αχιος axios as in Matthew 8:8, which see, from ικω ικανω hikō ινα hikanō to fit, to reach, be adequate for. στεγην Hina in both places as common in late Greek. See note on Mark 2:4 for “roof” (stegēn covering). [source]
First aorist (k aorist) effective active of κατιημι kathiēmi common verb. Mark 2:4 has historical present χαλωσι chalōsi the verb used by Jesus to Peter and in Peter‘s reply (Luke 5:4.).With his couch (συν τωι κλινιδιωι sun tōi klinidiōi). Also in Luke 5:24. Diminutive of κλινη klinē (Luke 5:18) occurring in Plutarch and Koiné writers. Mark 2:4 has κραβαττον krabatton (pallet). It doubtless was a pallet on which the paralytic lay.Into the midst before Jesus The four friends had succeeded, probably each holding a rope to a corner of the pallet. It was a moment of triumph over difficulties and surprise to all in the house (Peter‘s apparently, Mark 2:1). [source]
Already like Latin jam. In 1 Corinthians 4:8 νυν ηδη nun ēdē like jam nunc.Sent friends (επεμπσεν πιλους epempsen philous). This second embassy also, wanting in Matthew‘s narrative. He “puts the message of both into the mouth of the centurion himself” (Plummer). Note saying (λεγων legōn), present active singular participle, followed by direct quotation from the centurion himself.Trouble not thyself Present middle (direct use) imperative of σκυλλω skullō old verb originally meaning to skin, to mangle, and then in later Greek to vex, trouble, annoy. Frequent in the papyri in this latter sense.For I am not worthy that (ου γαρ ικανος ειμι ινα ou gar hikanos eimi hina). The same word ικανος hikanos not αχιος axios as in Matthew 8:8, which see, from ικω ικανω hikō ινα hikanō to fit, to reach, be adequate for. στεγην Hina in both places as common in late Greek. See note on Mark 2:4 for “roof” (stegēn covering). [source]
Used by both Mark and Luke. See on Mark 2:4, and compare Acts 5:15; Acts 9:33. [source]
See on Mark 2:4. [source]
See on Mark 2:4. [source]
Supply οδους hodous (ways), into the broad ways. On beds and couches (επι κλιναριων και κραβαττων epi klinariōn kai krabattōn). Little beds (κλιναρια klinaria diminutive of κλινη klinē) and camp beds or pallets (See note on Mark 2:4, Mark 2:9, Mark 2:11). As Peter came by Genitive absolute with present middle participle. At the least his shadow might overshadow (καν η σκια επισκιασει kan hē skia episkiasei). Future active indicative with ινα hina (common with οπως hopōs in ancient Greek) and καν kan (crasis for και εαν kai ean =even if), even if only the shadow. The word for shadow (σκια skia like our “sky”) is repeated in the verb and preserved in our “overshadow.” There was, of course, no virtue or power in Peter‘s shadow. That was faith with superstition, of course, just as similar cases in the Gospels occur (Matthew 9:20; Mark 6:56; John 9:5) and the use of Paul‘s handkerchief (Acts 19:12). God honours even superstitious faith if it is real faith in him. Few people are wholly devoid of superstition. [source]
Little beds (κλιναρια klinaria diminutive of κλινη klinē) and camp beds or pallets (See note on Mark 2:4, Mark 2:9, Mark 2:11). [source]
Lit. dug out. Only here, and Mark 2:4, of digging up the roof in order to let down the paralytic before Jesus. [source]
Στεγω Stegō is old verb to cover from στεγη stegē roof (Mark 2:4), to cover with silence, to conceal, to keep off, to endure as here and 1 Corinthians 9:12; 1 Corinthians 13:7. In the papyri in this sense (Moulton and Milligan‘s Vocabulary). Μηκετι Mēketi usual negative with participle in the Koiné{[28928]}š rather than ουκετι ouketi [source]
Like the plague of hail and fire in Exodus 9:24. The first four trumpets are very much like the plagues in Egypt, this one like a semitropical thunderstorm (Swete) with blood like the first plague (Exodus 7:17.; Psalm 106:35). The old feminine word χαλαζα chalaza (hail) is from the verb χαλαω chalaō to let down (Mark 2:4), in N.T. only in Revelation 8:7; Revelation 11:19; Revelation 16:21. The perfect passive participle μεμιγμενα memigmena (from μιγνυμι mignumi to mix) is neuter plural because of πυρ pur (fire).Were cast (εβλητη eblēthē). First aorist passive singular because χαλαζα chalaza and πυρ pur treated as neuter plural. “The storm flung itself on the earth” (Swete).Was burnt up Second aorist (effective) passive indicative of κατακαιω katakaiō old verb to burn down (effective use of κατα kata up, we say). Repeated here three times for dramatic effect. See Revelation 7:1-3 about the trees and Revelation 9:4 where the locusts are forbidden to injure the grass. [source]