KJV: For the days shall come upon thee, that thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side,
YLT: 'Because days shall come upon thee, and thine enemies shall cast around thee a rampart, and compass thee round, and press thee on every side,
Darby: for days shall come upon thee, that thine enemies shall make a palisaded mound about thee, and shall close thee around, and keep thee in on every side,
ASV: For the days shall come upon thee, when thine enemies shall cast up a bank about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side,
| ἥξουσιν | will come |
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Parse: Verb, Future Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἥκω Sense: to have come, have arrived, be present. |
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| ἡμέραι | days |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Feminine Plural Root: ἡμέρα Sense: the day, used of the natural day, or the interval between sunrise and sunset, as distinguished from and contrasted with the night. |
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| ἐπὶ | upon |
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Parse: Preposition Root: ἐπί Sense: upon, on, at, by, before. |
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| καὶ | that |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: καί Sense: and, also, even, indeed, but. |
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| παρεμβαλοῦσιν | will cast around |
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Parse: Verb, Future Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: παρεμβολή Sense: an encampment. |
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| ἐχθροί | enemies |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: ἐχθρός Sense: hated, odious, hateful. |
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| σου | of you |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive 2nd Person Singular Root: σύ Sense: you. |
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| χάρακά | a barricade |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: χάραξ Sense: a pale or stake, a palisade. |
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| περικυκλώσουσίν | they will surround |
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Parse: Verb, Future Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: περικυκλόω Sense: to encircle, compass about. |
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| συνέξουσίν | will hem in |
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Parse: Verb, Future Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: συνέχω Sense: to hold together. |
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| πάντοθεν | on every side |
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Parse: Adverb Root: πάντοθεν Sense: from all sides, from every quarter. |
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Greek Commentary for Luke 19:43
Future active indicative of παρεμβαλλω paremballō a double compound (παρα εν βαλλω para χαρακα en χαραχ ballō) of long usage, finally in a military sense of line of battle or in camp. Here alone in the N.T. So also the word περικυκλωσουσιν σε charaka (κυκλος charax) for bank, stake, palisade, rampart, is here alone in the N.T., though common enough in the old Greek. [source]
Future active indicative. Another common compound to make a circle Shall hold thee together on every side (pantothen). See about sunechō on Luke 4:38. [source]
Shall hold thee together on every side See about sunechō on Luke 4:38. [source]
Rev., correctly, as Tynd., a bank. Only here in New Testament. The word literally means a pointed stake, used in fortifying the intrenchments of a camp, and thence the palisade itself. In fortifying a camp or besieging a city, a ditch was dug round the entire circuit, and the earth from it thrown up into a wall, upon which sharp stakes were fixed. Every Roman soldier carried three or four of these stakes on the march. Wyc., with pale. [source]
See on Luke 4:38. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Luke 19:43
See note on Luke 8:45; and the note on Luke 19:43 for this verb συνεχω sunechō Here alone in the N.T. for holding a prisoner (holding together). The servants or soldiers, not the Sanhedrin. [source]
“Peter‘s house” (Matthew 8:14). “The house of Simon and Andrew” (Mark 1:29). Paul‘s reference to Peter‘s wife (1 Corinthians 9:5) is pertinent. They lived together in Capernaum. This house came also to be the Capernaum home of Jesus.Simon‘s wife‘s mother (πεντερα του Σιμωνος penthera tou Simōnos). The word πεντερα penthera for mother-in-law is old and well established in usage. Besides the parallel passages (Mark 1:30; Matthew 8:14; Luke 4:38) it occurs in the N.T. only in Luke 12:53. The corresponding word πεντερος pentheros father-in-law, occurs in John 18:13 alone in the N.T.Was holden with a great fever Periphrastic imperfect passive, the analytical tense accenting the continuous fever, perhaps chronic and certainly severe. Luke employs this verb nine times and only three others in the N.T. (Matthew 4:24 passive with diseases here; 2 Corinthians 5:14 active; Philemon 1:23 passive). In Acts 28:8 the passive “with dysentery” is like the construction here and is a common one in Greek medical writers as in Greek literature generally. Luke uses the passive with “fear,” Luke 8:37, the active for holding the hands over the ears (Acts 7:57) and for pressing one or holding together (Luke 8:45; Luke 19:43; Luke 22:63), the direct middle for holding oneself to preaching (Acts 18:5). It is followed here by the instrumental case. Hobart (Medical Language of Luke, p. 3) quotes Galen as dividing fevers into “great” (μεγαλοι megaloi) and “small” (σμικροι smikroi). [source]
Periphrastic imperfect passive, the analytical tense accenting the continuous fever, perhaps chronic and certainly severe. Luke employs this verb nine times and only three others in the N.T. (Matthew 4:24 passive with diseases here; 2 Corinthians 5:14 active; Philemon 1:23 passive). In Acts 28:8 the passive “with dysentery” is like the construction here and is a common one in Greek medical writers as in Greek literature generally. Luke uses the passive with “fear,” Luke 8:37, the active for holding the hands over the ears (Acts 7:57) and for pressing one or holding together (Luke 8:45; Luke 19:43; Luke 22:63), the direct middle for holding oneself to preaching (Acts 18:5). It is followed here by the instrumental case. Hobart (Medical Language of Luke, p. 3) quotes Galen as dividing fevers into “great” (μεγαλοι megaloi) and “small” (σμικροι smikroi). [source]
Genitive absolute of present middle participle of δυναμαι dunamai with negative μη mē and second aorist active infinitive of γινωσκω ginōskō The certainty (το ασπαλες to asphales). Neuter articular adjective from α a privative and σπαλλω sphallō to make totter or fall. Old word, in the N.T. only in Acts 21:34; Acts 22:30; Acts 25:26; Philemon 3:1; Hebrews 6:19. Into the castle Koiné{[28928]}š word from παρεμβαλλω paremballō to cast in by the side of, to assign soldiers a place, to encamp (see note on Luke 19:43). So παρεμβολη parembolē comes to mean an interpolation, then an army drawn up (Hebrews 11:34), but mainly an encampment (Hebrews 13:11, Hebrews 13:13), frequent in Polybius and lxx. So here barracks of the Roman soldiers in the tower of Antonia as in Acts 21:37; Acts 21:22: Acts 21:24; Acts 23:10, Acts 23:16, Acts 23:32. [source]
Koiné{[28928]}š word from παρεμβαλλω paremballō to cast in by the side of, to assign soldiers a place, to encamp (see note on Luke 19:43). So παρεμβολη parembolē comes to mean an interpolation, then an army drawn up (Hebrews 11:34), but mainly an encampment (Hebrews 13:11, Hebrews 13:13), frequent in Polybius and lxx. So here barracks of the Roman soldiers in the tower of Antonia as in Acts 21:37; Acts 21:22: Acts 21:24; Acts 23:10, Acts 23:16, Acts 23:32. [source]