KJV: And when the Pharisee saw it, he marvelled that he had not first washed before dinner.
YLT: and the Pharisee having seen, did wonder that he did not first baptize himself before the dinner.
Darby: But the Pharisee seeing it wondered that he had not first washed before dinner.
ASV: And when the Pharisee saw it, he marvelled that he had not first bathed himself before dinner.
| ὁ | - |
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Parse: Article, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| Φαρισαῖος | the Pharisee |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: Φαρισαῖος Sense: A sect that seems to have started after the Jewish exile. |
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| ἰδὼν | having seen [it] |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: εἶδον Sense: to see with the eyes. |
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| ἐθαύμασεν | marveled |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἐκθαυμάζω Sense: to wonder, wonder at, marvel. |
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| ὅτι | that |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: ὅτι Sense: that, because, since. |
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| πρῶτον | first |
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Parse: Adverb, Superlative Root: πρῶτον Sense: first in time or place. |
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| ἐβαπτίσθη | He washed |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Passive, 3rd Person Singular Root: βαπτίζω Sense: to dip repeatedly, to immerse, to submerge (of vessels sunk). |
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| πρὸ | before |
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Parse: Preposition Root: πρό Sense: before. |
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| ἀρίστου | dinner |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Neuter Singular Root: ἄριστον Sense: the first food taken early in the morning before work, breakfast. |
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Greek Commentary for Luke 11:38
The verb is first aorist passive indicative of βαπτιζω baptizō to dip or to immerse. Here it is applied to the hands. It was the Jewish custom to dip the hands in water before eating and often between courses for ceremonial purification. In Galilee the Pharisees and scribes had sharply criticized the disciples for eating with unwashed hands (Mark 7:1-23; Matthew 15:1-20) when Jesus had defended their liberty and had opposed making a necessity of such a custom (tradition) in opposition to the command of God. Apparently Jesus on this occasion had himself reclined at the breakfast (not dinner) without this ceremonial dipping of the hands in water. The Greek has “first before” (πρωτον προ prōton pro), a tautology not preserved in the translation. [source]
See on Mark 7:4. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Luke 11:38
Two of the most important manuscripts, however, read ῥαντίσωνται , sprinkled themselves. See Rev., in margin. This reading is adopted by Westcott and Herr. The American Revisers insist on bathe, instead of wash, already used as a translation of νίψωνται (Mark 7:3). The scope of this work does not admit of our going into the endless controversy to which this word has given rise. It will be sufficient to give the principal facts concerning its meaning and usage. In classical Greek the primary meaning is to merse. Thus Polybius (i., 51,6), describing a naval battle of the Romans and Carthaginians, says, “They sank ( ἐβάπτιζον ) many of the ships.” Josephus (“Jewish War,” 4., 3,3), says of the crowds which flocked into Jerusalem at the time of the siege, “They overwhelmed ( ἐβάπτισαν )-DIVIDER- the city.” In a metaphorical sense Plato uses it of drunkenness: drowned in drink ( βεβαπτισμένοι , “Symposium,” 176); of a youth overwhelmed ( βαπτιζόμενον )-DIVIDER- with the argument of his adversary (“Euthydemus,” 277). -DIVIDER- -DIVIDER- In the Septuagint the verb occurs four times: Leviticus 11:32 (of vessels); Leviticus 11:40 (of clothes); Numbers 8:6, Numbers 8:7 (sprinkling with purifying water); Exodus 30:19, Exodus 30:21 (of washing hands and feet). The word appears to have been at that time the technical term for such washings (compare Luke 11:38; Hebrews 9:10; Mark 7:4), and could not therefore have been limited to the meaning immerse. Thus the washing of pots and vessels for ceremonial purification could not have been by plunging them in water, which would have rendered impure the whole body of purifying water. The word may be taken in the sense of washing or sprinkling. “The Teaching of the Apostles” (see on Matthew 10:10) throws light on the elastic interpretation of the term, in its directions for baptism. “Baptize - in living (i.e., running) water. But if thou hast not living water, baptize in other water; and if thou canst not in cold, then in warm. But if thou hast neither, pour water upon the head thrice into the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit” (Chap. VII.). [source]
Often by Greek orators of surprise as something reprehensible. So in New Testament Mark 6:6; John 7:21; Luke 11:38; John 4:27. [source]