The Meaning of Joshua 10:3 Explained

Joshua 10:3

KJV: Wherefore Adonizedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying,

YLT: And Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem sendeth unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying,

Darby: And Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent to Hoham king of Hebron, and to Piream king of Jarmuth, and to Japhia king of Lachish, and to Debir king of Eglon, saying,

ASV: Wherefore Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying,

KJV Reverse Interlinear

Wherefore Adonizedek  king  of Jerusalem  sent  unto Hoham  king  of Hebron,  and unto Piram  king  of Jarmuth,  and unto Japhia  king  of Lachish,  and unto Debir  king  of Eglon,  saying, 

What does Joshua 10:3 Mean?

Context Summary

Joshua 10:1-14 - "the Lord Fought For Israel"
The honor of Israel was implicated in this attack on their confederates, and Joshua went to their assistance. The deception which had been practiced on him did not alienate his help. Before he started he was assured of victory, but this did not make him slothful. See Joshua 10:7. But it was by his faith, courage and obedience that this and other victories were won. What may not one man do when God is with him! Paganini once broke all his strings but one; then, holding up his violin, he said, "One string and Paganini."
A terrific storm burst on the fugitives as they crossed the high ridge of Beth-horon and descended in full flight to the plain. We are not called upon to explain the miracle of the sun and moon. The prolongation of daylight was probably due to some cause like that which yields the after-glow of sunset and the optical refractions seen in high latitudes. [source]

Chapter Summary: Joshua 10

1  Five kings war against Gibeon
6  Joshua rescues it
10  God fights against them with hailstones
12  The sun and moon stand still at the word of Joshua
16  The five kings are murdered in a cave
22  They are brought forth
24  scornfully used
26  and hanged
28  Seven kings more are conquered
43  Joshua returns to Gilgal

What do the individual words in Joshua 10:3 mean?

Therefore sent - Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem to Hoham king of Hebron and Piram of Jarmuth Japhia of Lachish Debir of Eglon saying
וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח אֲדֹנִי־ צֶ֜דֶק מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֶל־ הוֹהָ֣ם מֶֽלֶךְ־ חֶ֠בְרוֹן וְאֶל־ פִּרְאָ֨ם יַרְמ֜וּת יָפִ֧יעַ לָכִ֛ישׁ דְּבִ֥יר עֶגְל֖וֹן לֵאמֹֽר

וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח  Therefore  sent 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Consecutive imperfect, third person masculine singular
Root: שָׁלַח  
Sense: to send, send away, let go, stretch out.
אֲדֹנִי־  - 
Parse:
צֶ֜דֶק  Adoni-Zedek 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: אֲדֹנִי־צֶדֶק  
Sense: Canaanite king slain by Joshua.
מֶ֣לֶךְ  king 
Parse: Noun, masculine singular construct
Root: מֶלֶךְ 
Sense: king.
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם  of  Jerusalem 
Parse: Proper Noun, feminine singular
Root: יְרוּשָׁלַםִ  
Sense: the chief city of Palestine and capital of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah after the split.
הוֹהָ֣ם  Hoham 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: הֹוהָם  
Sense: king of Hebron at the time of the conquest of Canaan.
מֶֽלֶךְ־  king 
Parse: Noun, masculine singular construct
Root: מֶלֶךְ 
Sense: king.
חֶ֠בְרוֹן  of  Hebron 
Parse: Proper Noun, feminine singular
Root: חֶבְרֹון 
Sense: a city in south Judah approx 20 south of Jerusalem and approx 20 miles (30 km) north of Beersheba and near where Abraham built an altar.
פִּרְאָ֨ם  Piram 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: פִּרְאָם  
Sense: the Amorite king of Jarmuth at the time of the conquest.
יַרְמ֜וּת  of  Jarmuth 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: יַרְמוּת  
Sense: a Canaanitish city in the lowlands of Judah with a king and located between Hebron and Lachish.
יָפִ֧יעַ  Japhia 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: יָפִיעַ 
Sense: a town on the border of Zebulun and Issachar.
לָכִ֛ישׁ  of  Lachish 
Parse: Proper Noun, feminine singular
Root: לָכִישׁ  
Sense: a city lying south of Jerusalem on the borders of Simeon and which belonged to the Amorites until conquered by Joshua and allotted to Judah.
דְּבִ֥יר  Debir 
Parse: Proper Noun, feminine singular
Root: דְּבִיר 
Sense: the king of Eglon, one of the five kings hanged by Joshua.
עֶגְל֖וֹן  of  Eglon 
Parse: Proper Noun, feminine singular
Root: עֶגְלֹון 
Sense: king of Moab who oppressed the children of Israel for 8 years before he was killed by the judge Ehud.
לֵאמֹֽר  saying 
Parse: Preposition-l, Verb, Qal, Infinitive construct
Root: אָמַר 
Sense: to say, speak, utter.