KJV: Jesus saith unto them, Come and dine. And none of the disciples durst ask him, Who art thou? knowing that it was the Lord.
YLT: Jesus saith to them, 'Come ye, dine;' and none of the disciples was venturing to inquire of him, 'Who art thou?' knowing that it is the Lord;
Darby: Jesus says to them, Come and dine. But none of the disciples dared inquire of him, Who art thou? knowing that it was the Lord.
ASV: Jesus saith unto them, Come and break your fast. And none of the disciples durst inquire of him, Who art thou? knowing that it was the Lord.
| Λέγει | Says |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: λέγω Sense: to say, to speak. |
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| αὐτοῖς | to them |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| ὁ | - |
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Parse: Article, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| Ἰησοῦς | Jesus |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: Ἰησοῦς Sense: Joshua was the famous captain of the Israelites, Moses’ successor. |
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| Δεῦτε | Come |
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Parse: Verb, Imperative, 2nd Person Plural Root: δεῦτε Sense: come hither, come here, come. |
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| ἀριστήσατε | have breakfast |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Imperative Active, 2nd Person Plural Root: ἀριστάω Sense: to breakfast. |
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| οὐδεὶς | None |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: οὐδείς Sense: no one, nothing. |
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| ‹δὲ› | however |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: δέ Sense: but, moreover, and, etc. |
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| ἐτόλμα | dared |
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Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: τολμάω Sense: not to dread or shun through fear. |
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| τῶν | of the |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| μαθητῶν | disciples |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: μαθητής Sense: a learner, pupil, disciple. |
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| ἐξετάσαι | to ask |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active Root: ἐξετάζω Sense: to search out. |
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| εἰδότες | knowing |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: οἶδα Sense: to see. |
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| ὅτι | that |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: ὅτι Sense: that, because, since. |
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| Κύριός | Lord |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: κύριος Sense: he to whom a person or thing belongs, about which he has power of deciding; master, lord. |
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| ἐστιν | it is |
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Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: εἰμί Sense: to be, to exist, to happen, to be present. |
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Greek Commentary for John 21:12
First aorist active imperative of αρισταω aristaō from αριστον ariston first to breakfast, as here and then later to dine as in Luke 11:37. What a delightful breakfast of fresh broiled fish just caught (John 21:10) with the hush of joyful surprise in the presence of the Risen Lord. Durst (ετολμα etolma) Imperfect active of τολμαω tolmaō The restraint of silence continued. [source]
Rather, breakfast. In Attic Greek ἄριστον signified the mid-day meal; the evening meal being known as δεῖπνον . The regular hour for the ἄριστον cannot be fixed with precision. The drift of authority among Greek writers seems to be in favor of noon. The meal described here, however, evidently took place at an earlier hour, and would seem to have answered more nearly to the ἀκρατίσμα , or breakfast of the Greeks, which was taken directly upon rising. Plutarch, however, expressly states that both names were applied to the morning meal, and says of Alexander, “He was accustomed to breakfast ( ἠρίστα ) at early dawn, sitting, and to sup ( ἐδείπνει ) late in the evening.” In Matthew 22:4, it is an ἄριστον to which the king's wedding-guests are invited. [source]
Rev., inquire. Implying careful and precise inquiry. It occurs only three times in the New Testament; of Herod's command to search diligently for the infant Christ (Matthew 2:8), and of the apostles' inquiring out the worthy members of a household (Matthew 10:11). [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for John 21:12
It is breakfast, not dinner. In Luke 14:12 both αριστον ariston (breakfast) and δειπνον deipnon (dinner) are used. This noon or midday meal, like the French breakfast at noon, was sometimes called δειπνον μεσημβρινον deipnon mesēmbrinon (midday dinner or luncheon). The regular dinner In John 21:12, John 21:15 αρισταω aristaō is used of the early morning meal, “Break your fast” When αριστον ariston was applied to luncheon, like the Latin prandium, ακρατισμα akratisma was the term for the early breakfast. [source]
Note οπως hopōs rather than the common ινα hina Aorist active subjunctive rather than present, for a single meal. The verb is from αριστον ariston (breakfast). See distinction between αριστον ariston and δειπνον deipnon (dinner or supper) in Luke 14:12. It is the morning meal (breakfast or lunch) after the return from morning prayers in the synagogue (Matthew 22:4), not the very early meal called ακρατισμα akratisma The verb is, however, used for the early meal on the seashore in John 21:12, John 21:15.With him (παρ αυτωι par' autōi). By his side.Sat down to meat Second aorist active indicative of αναπιπτω anapiptō old verb, to recline, to fall back on the sofa or lounge. No word here for “to meat.” [source]
Reference to John 3:22. the work of the Baptist and the jealousy of his disciples. Ουν Oun is very common in John‘s Gospel in such transitions. The Lord So the best manuscripts (Neutral Alexandrian), though the Western class has ο Ιησους ho Iēsous Mark usually has ο Ιησους ho Iēsous and Luke often ο Κυριος ho Kurios In the narrative portion of John we have usually ο Ιησους ho Iēsous but ο Κυριος ho Kurios in five passages (John 4:1; John 6:23; John 11:2; John 20:20; John 21:12). There is no reason why John should not apply ο Κυριος ho Kurios to Jesus in the narrative sections as well as Luke. Bernard argues that these are “explanatory glosses,” not in the first draft of the Gospel. But why? When John wrote his Gospel he certainly held Jesus to be Κυριος Kurios (Lord) as Luke did earlier when he wrote both Gospel and Acts This is hypercriticism. Knew Second aorist active indicative of γινωσκω ginōskō The Pharisees knew this obvious fact. It was easy for Jesus to know the attitude of the Pharisees about it (John 2:24). Already the Pharisees are suspicious of Jesus. How that Declarative οτι hoti (indirect assertion). Was making and baptizing more disciples than John Present active indicative in both verbs retained in indirect discourse. Recall the tremendous success of John‘s early ministry (Mark 1:5; Matthew 3:5; Luke 3:7, Luke 3:15) in order to see the significance of this statement that Jesus had forged ahead of him in popular favour. Already the Pharisees had turned violently against John who had called them broods of vipers. It is most likely that they drew John out about the marriage of Herod Antipas and got him involved directly with the tetrarch so as to have him cast into prison (Luke 3:19.). Josephus (Ant. XVIII. v. 2) gives a public reason for this act of Herod Antipas, the fear that John would “raise a rebellion,” probably the public reason for his private vengeance as given by Luke. Apparently John was cast into prison, though recently still free (John 3:24), before Jesus left for Galilee. The Pharisees, with John out of the way, turn to Jesus with envy and hate. [source]