KJV: But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came.
YLT: And Thomas, one of the twelve, who is called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came;
Darby: But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came.
ASV: But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came.
| Θωμᾶς | Thomas |
|
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: Θωμᾶς Sense: one of the apostles. |
|
| δὲ | however |
|
Parse: Conjunction Root: δέ Sense: but, moreover, and, etc. |
|
| εἷς | one |
|
Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: εἷς Sense: one. |
|
| δώδεκα | Twelve |
|
Parse: Adjective, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: δώδεκα Sense: twelve. |
|
| ὁ | the [one] |
|
Parse: Article, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
|
| λεγόμενος | called |
|
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: λέγω Sense: to say, to speak. |
|
| Δίδυμος | Didymus |
|
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: Δίδυμος Sense: a surname for the apostle Thomas. |
|
| ἦλθεν | came |
|
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: ἔρχομαι Sense: to come. |
|
| Ἰησοῦς | Jesus |
|
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: Ἰησοῦς Sense: Joshua was the famous captain of the Israelites, Moses’ successor. |
|
Greek Commentary for John 20:24
The same expression applied to Thomas in John 11:16; John 21:2, but nowhere else in N.T. Old word for twin (double), “the pessimist of the apostolic band” (Bernard). The term twelve is still applied to the group, though Judas, the traitor, is dead. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for John 20:24
Both terms, eleven and twelve (John 20:24), occur after the death of Judas. There were others present on this first Sunday evening according to Luke 24:33. [source]
The one was Andrew (John 1:41), the other the Evangelist himself, who studiously refrains from mentioning his own name throughout the narrative. The name of James the elder also does not appear, nor that of Salome, the Evangelist's mother, who is mentioned by name in Mark's Gospel (Mark 15:40; Mark 16:1). The omission of his own name is the more significant from the fact that he is habitually exact in defining the names in his narrative. Compare the simple designation Simon (John 1:42) with subsequent occurrences of his name after his call, as John 1:42; John 13:6; John 21:15, etc. Also Thomas (John 11:16; John 20:24; John 21:2); Judas Iscariot (John 6:71; John 12:4; John 13:2, John 13:26); the other Judas (John 14:22). Note also that he never speaks of the Baptist as John the Baptist, like the other three Evangelists, but always as John. [source]
The word means twin. Clearly Thomas had a twin brother or sister. Applied two other times to him (John 20:24; John 21:2). The Aramaic word for Thomas means Twin and Didymus is just the Greek equivalent of Thomas. He may even in Greek circles have been called Didymus. His fellow disciples Dative case and article use like “his.” Only use of συνματητες sunmathētes in the N.T., rare word (in Plato). Us also As well as Jesus, since he is bent on going. That we may die with him Purpose clause with ινα hina and the second aorist active subjunctive of αποτνησκω apothnēskō Die with Jesus, Thomas means. Lazarus is already dead and they will kill Jesus (John 11:8). Pessimistic courage surely. [source]
To the disciples the first Sunday evening (Mark 16:14; Luke 24:36-43; John 20:19-25), the second Sunday evening (John 20:26-29), at the Sea of Tiberias (John 21:1-23), on the mountain in Galilee (Matthew 28:16-20; Mark 16:15-18; 1 Corinthians 15:6), to the disciples in Jerusalem and Olivet (Luke 24:44-53; Mark 16:19.; Acts 1:1-11). Luke uses this verb παριστημι paristēmi 13 times in the Acts both transitively and intransitively. It is rendered by various English words (present, furnish, provide, assist, commend). The early disciples including Paul never doubted the fact of the Resurrection, once they were convinced by personal experience. At first some doubted like Thomas (Mark 16:14; Luke 24:41; John 20:24.; Matthew 28:17). But after that they never wavered in their testimony to their own experience with the Risen Christ, “whereof we are witnesses” Peter said (Acts 3:15). They doubted at first, that we may believe, but at last they risked life itself in defence of this firm faith. After his passion (μετα το πατειν αυτον meta to pathein auton). Neat Greek idiom, μετα meta with the articular infinitive (second aorist active of πασχω paschō) and the accusative of general reference, “after the suffering as to him.” For πατειν pathein used absolutely of Christ‘s suffering see also Acts 17:3; Acts 26:23. By many proofs Literally, “in many proofs.” Τεκμηριον Tekmērion is only here in the N.T., though an old and common word in ancient Greek and occurring in the Koiné{[28928]}š (papyri, etc.). The verb τεκμαιρω tekmairō to prove by sure signs, is from τεκμαρ tekmar a sign. Luke does not hesitate to apply the definite word “proofs” to the evidence for the Resurrection of Christ after full investigation on the part of this scientific historian. Aristotle makes a distinction between τεκμηριον tekmērion (proof) and σημειον sēmeion (sign) as does Galen the medical writer. Appearing (οπτανομενος optanomenos). Present middle participle from late verb οπτανω optanō late Koiné{[28928]}š verb from root οπτω optō seen in οπσομαι ωπτην opsomaiοπτασια ōphthēn In lxx, papyri of second century b.c. (Deissmann, Light from the Ancient East, p. 83). Only here in the N.T. For δι ημερων τεσσερακοντα optasia for vision, see note on Acts 26:19; Luke 1:22; Luke 24:23. By the space of forty days At intervals In the Gospel of Luke 24 this separation of forty days between the Resurrection and the Ascension is not drawn. The things concerning the Kingdom of God (ευαγγελιον ta peri tēs basileias tou theou). This phrase appears 33 times in Luke‘s Gospel, 15 times in Mark, 4 times in Matthew who elsewhere has “the kingdom of heaven,” once in John, and 6 times in Acts. No essential distinction is to be drawn between the two for the Jews often used “heaven” rather than “God” to avoid using the Tetragrammaton. But it is noticeable how the word kingdom drops out of Acts. Other words like gospel (τα περι euaggelion) take the place of “kingdom.” Jesus was fond of the word “kingdom” and Luke is fond of the idiom “the things concerning” (ta peri). Certainly with Jesus the term “kingdom” applies to the present and the future and covers so much that it is not strange that the disciples with their notions of a political Messianic kingdom (Acts 1:6) were slow to comprehend the spiritual nature of the reign of God. [source]
The technical name. Only ten were present, for Judas was dead and Thomas was absent (John 20:24). [source]