KJV: It was therefore necessary that the patterns of things in the heavens should be purified with these; but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.
YLT: It is necessary, therefore, the pattern indeed of the things in the heavens to be purified with these, and the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these;
Darby: It was necessary then that the figurative representations of the things in the heavens should be purified with these; but the heavenly things themselves with sacrifices better than these.
ASV: It was necessary therefore that the copies of the things in the heavens should be cleansed with these; but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.
| Ἀνάγκη | [It was] necessary |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Feminine Singular Root: ἀνάγκη Sense: necessity, imposed either by the circumstances, or by law of duty regarding to one’s advantage, custom, argument. |
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| οὖν | then [for] |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: οὖν Sense: then, therefore, accordingly, consequently, these things being so. |
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| μὲν | indeed |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: μέν Sense: truly, certainly, surely, indeed. |
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| ὑποδείγματα | representations |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Plural Root: ὑπόδειγμα Sense: a sign suggestive of anything, delineation of a thing, representation, figure, copy. |
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| τῶν | of the things |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Neuter Plural Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| οὐρανοῖς | heavens |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Plural Root: οὐρανός Sense: the vaulted expanse of the sky with all things visible in it. |
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| τούτοις | with these |
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Parse: Demonstrative Pronoun, Dative Neuter Plural Root: οὗτος Sense: this. |
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| καθαρίζεσθαι | to be purified |
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Parse: Verb, Present Infinitive Middle or Passive Root: καθαρίζω Sense: to make clean, cleanse. |
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| αὐτὰ | themselves |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Accusative Neuter 3rd Person Plural Root: αὐτός Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself. |
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| δὲ | however |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: δέ Sense: but, moreover, and, etc. |
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| ἐπουράνια | heavenly things |
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Parse: Adjective, Accusative Neuter Plural Root: ἐπουράνιος Sense: existing in heaven. |
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| κρείττοσιν | with better |
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Parse: Adjective, Dative Feminine Plural, Comparative Root: κρείττων Sense: more useful, more serviceable, more advantageous. |
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| θυσίαις | sacrifices |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Plural Root: θυσία Sense: a sacrifice, victim. |
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| παρὰ | than |
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Parse: Preposition Root: παρά Sense: from, of at, by, besides, near. |
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| ταύτας | these |
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Parse: Demonstrative Pronoun, Accusative Feminine Plural Root: οὗτος Sense: this. |
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Greek Commentary for Hebrews 9:23
See Hebrews 8:5 for this word, the earthly (Hebrews 8:4; Hebrews 9:1) tabernacle. With these Instrumental case of ουτος houtos like the rites above described (Hebrews 9:19), perhaps with some disparagement. Themselves The heavenly realities (Hebrews 8:2, Hebrews 8:5; Hebrews 9:11.). With better sacrifices Instrumental case again. Point of this section (9:13-10:18). Than these Use of παρα para and the accusative case after a comparative as in Hebrews 1:4, Hebrews 1:9. To us it seems a bit strained to speak of the ritual cleansing or dedication of heaven itself by the appearance of Christ as Priest-Victim. But the whole picture is highly mystical. [source]
d The heavenly sanctuary required a better purification than the Levitical. [source]
The earthly tabernacle and its furniture. See on Hebrews 8:5. [source]
Things specified in Hebrews 9:19. [source]
How can it be said that the heavenly things needed cleansing? It is not easy to answer. Various explanations have been proposed, which the student will find collected in Alford's note on this passage. The expression is rhetorical and figurative, and appears to be founded on that feature of the Levitical ritual according to which the high priest was required, on the Great Day of Atonement, to make an atonement for the sanctuary, “because of the uncleanness of the children of Israel.” He was to do this also for the tabernacle of the congregation, and for the great altar. See Leviticus 16:16ff. The rite implied that even the holy of holies had contracted defilement from the people's sin. Similarly, the atoning blood of Christ is conceived as purifying the things of the heavenly sanctuary which had been defiled by the sins of men. “If the heavenly city of God, with its Holy Place, is, conformably with the promise, destined for the covenant-people, that they may there attain to perfect fellowship with God, then their guilt has defiled these holy things as well as the earthly, and they must be purified in the same way as the typical law appointed for the latter, only not by the blood of an imperfect, but of a perfect sacrifice” (Delitzsch). [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Hebrews 9:23
The connection is, “there are those who offer the gifts according to the law, such as ( οἵτινες ) serve,” etc. For λατρεύουσιν servesee on 2 Timothy 1:3. Omit unto. Rend. serve the copy and shadow, etc., or, as Rev., that which is a copy and shadow. For ὑπόδειγμα copysee on 1 Peter 5:3; see on 2 Peter 2:6. Comp. Hebrews 9:23. Τῶν ἐπουρανίων “of heavenly things.” Τὰ ἐπουράνια in N.T. usually “heavenly places.” See Ephesians 1:3; Ephesians 2:6; Ephesians 3:10; Ephesians 6:12: “heavenly things,” John 3:12; Philemon 2:10; Hebrews 9:23. [source]
Πέσῃ fallis to be taken absolutely; not, fall into the same example. Υ̓πόδειγμα examplemostly in Hebrews. Rejected as unclassical by the Attic rhetoricians. Originally a sign which suggests something: a partial suggestion as distinct from a complete expression. See Hebrews 8:5; Hebrews 9:23. Thus Christ's washing of the disciples' feet (John 13:15) was a typical suggestion of the whole field and duty of ministry. See on 1 Peter 2:6. It is not easy to give the exact force of ἐν inStrictly speaking, the “example of disobedience” is conceived as that in which the falling takes place. The fall is viewed in the sphere of example. Comp. 1Corinthians href="/desk/?q=1co+2:7&sr=1">1 Corinthians 2:7. Rend. that no man fall in the same example of disobedience: the same as that in which they fell. [source]
Here, on earth. Continuing city. Let us go forth without the gate to Jesus; for the system which has its center in Jerusalem, the Holy City, is no more ours. We are excluded from its religious fellowship by embracing the faith of him who suffered without the gate. The city itself is not abiding. As a holy city, it is the center and representative of a system of shadows and figures (Hebrews 8:5; Hebrews 9:9, Hebrews 9:23, Hebrews 9:24; Hebrews 10:1), which is to be shaken and removed, even as is the city itself (Hebrews 12:27); Hebrews 8:13; Hebrews 9:10; Hebrews 10:9, Hebrews 10:18. If the epistle had been written after the destruction of Jerusalem a reference to that event could hardly have been avoided here. [source]
Second aorist middle participle of γινομαι ginomai In contrast with on in Hebrews 1:3. By so much Instrumental case of τοσουτος tosoutos correlative with οσωι hosōi (as) with comparative in both clauses Than the angels Ablative of comparison after κρειττων kreittōn as often. Than they Instead of the ablative αυτων autōn here the preposition παρα para (along, by the side of) with the accusative occurs, another common idiom as in Hebrews 3:3; Hebrews 9:23. Διαπορος Diaphoros only in Hebrews in N.T. except Romans 12:6. Hath inherited Perfect active indicative of κληρονομεω klēronomeō (from κληρονομος klēronomos heir, Hebrews 1:2), and still inherits it, the name The author proves it from Scripture (Hebrews 1:4-14). [source]
Present active indicative of λατρευω latreuō for which verb see note on Matthew 4:10. A copy Dative case after λατρευουσιν latreuousin See note on John 13:15 and note on Hebrews 4:11 for this interesting word. Shadow Dative case. Old word for which see note on Matthew 4:16; note on Mark 4:32; and note on Colossians 2:17. See same idea in Hebrews 9:23. For difference between σκια skia and εικων eikōn see Hebrews 10:1. Here “copy and shadow” form a practical hendiadys for “a shadowy outline” (Moffatt). Is warned of God Perfect passive indicative of χρηματιζω chrēmatizō old verb (from χρημα chrēma business) for which see note on Matthew 2:12, note on Matthew 2:22, and note on Luke 2:26. The word “God” is not used, but it is implied as in Acts 10:22; Hebrews 12:25. So in lxx, Josephus, and the papyri. For saith he Argument from God‘s command (Exodus 25:40). See that thou make Common Greek idiom with present active imperative of οραω horaō and the volitive future of ποιεω poieō without ινα hina (asyndeton, Robertson, Grammar, p. 949). The pattern The very word used in Exodus 25:40 and quoted also by Stephen in Acts 7:44. For τυπος tupos see note on John 20:25; note on Romans 6:17, and etc. The tabernacle was to be patterned after the heavenly model. [source]