The Meaning of Hebrews 12:1 Explained

Hebrews 12:1

KJV: Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us,

YLT: Therefore, we also having so great a cloud of witnesses set around us, every weight having put off, and the closely besetting sin, through endurance may we run the contest that is set before us,

Darby: Let us also therefore, having so great a cloud of witnesses surrounding us, laying aside every weight, and sin which so easily entangles us, run with endurance the race that lies before us,

ASV: Therefore let us also, seeing we are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us,

KJV Reverse Interlinear

Wherefore  seeing we also  are  compassed about  with so great  a cloud  of witnesses,  let  us  lay aside  every  weight,  and  the sin  which doth so easily beset  [us], and let us run  with  patience  the race  that is set before  us, 

What does Hebrews 12:1 Mean?

Study Notes

the sin
Omit "the."

Verse Meaning

The "cloud of witnesses" refers to the Old Covenant saints whom the writer just mentioned (ch11). They are "witnesses" not because they presently witness our actions, but because by their lives they bore witness to their faith in God. [1] The description of them as a "cloud" is an interesting one since they are presently without resurrected bodies. They await the resurrection of their bodies at the Second Coming ( Daniel 12:2). The writer"s point was that we have many good examples of people who faithfully trusted God in the past. Nevertheless the word "witness" does also imply a spectator (cf. Hebrews 10:28; 1 Timothy 6:12).
In view of this encouragement we should lay aside everything that impedes our running the Christian race successfully (cf. 1 Corinthians 9:24; 2 Timothy 4:7-8). Popular moral philosophers who spoke on the streets of every sizeable Hellenistic community in the first century commonly used an athletic contest as an illustration of life. [2] "Encumbrances" are weights that may not be sins but nevertheless make perseverance difficult.
"Some one is recorded to have asked whether a certain thing would do a person harm, and the reply was given, "No harm, if you do not wish to win."" [3]
We should also lay aside sin. "The sin" that the writer warned his readers against especially in Hebrews is unbelief, apostasy. In view of the immediately preceding context, it might refer to discouragement. However many different kinds of sin can trip us up, and we should avoid all sin for this reason. [4]
"This might have reference to the love of wealth, attachment to the world, preoccupation with earthly interests, or self-importance." [5]
The reason for this self-discipline is so we can keep on running the Christian race effectively. Here the writer returned to the thought of Hebrews 10:28 : "You have need of endurance." He conceived of the Christian life as an endurance race, a marathon, not a50-yard dash.
"... the real test of life is the steady, normal progress of the soul-"not paroxysms of effort but steady endurance."" [6]

Context Summary

Hebrews 12:1-8 - Persistently Press Forward
In one of Raphael's pictures the clouds, when looked at minutely, are seen to be composed of little cherub-faces; and those who have already witnessed and suffered for God gather around us as a great cloud, like the crowded amphitheaters in the old Olympian games. We are still in the arena; probably every blow and sigh are beheld and heard by the general assembly and church of the firstborn. What an incentive to lay aside all "cumbrances"; that is, whatever in your life may be a hindrance, though hardly a sin! But above all, we must put away the sin of unbelief, which we can best do by looking unto Jesus.
The word our should certainly be eliminated in Hebrews 12:2. Jesus began and finished His life-career by the same faith-"the faith of the Son of God"-which each of His children has to exercise. The light beyond the Cross beckoned to Him and so enamored Him that he counted no cost too dear, if only He might realize the possibilities that gleamed before His vision, of an elect church and a transformed world. [source]

Chapter Summary: Hebrews 12

1  An exhortation to constant faith, patience, and godliness by Christ's example
22  A commendation of the new covenant

Greek Commentary for Hebrews 12:1

Therefore [τοιγαρουν]
Triple compound inferential participle We as well as “these all” of Hebrews 11:39 and all the more because of the “something better” given us in the actual coming of Christ. Compassed about (εχω — echontes perikeimenon). Literally, “having (περικειμενον — echontes present active participle of περικειμαι — echō) lying around us” (νεπος μαρτυρων — perikeimenon present middle participle of Νεπελη — perikeimai old verb as in Luke 17:2). Cloud of witnesses (μαρτυρες — nephos marturōn). Old word (Latin nubes), here only in the N.T., for vast mass of clouds. τεαται — Nephelē is a single cloud. The metaphor refers to the great amphitheatre with the arena for the runners and the tiers upon tiers of seats rising up like a cloud. The αποτεμενοι — martures here are not mere spectators (αποτιτημι — theatai), but testifiers (witnesses) who testify from their own experience (Hebrews 11:2, Hebrews 11:4, Hebrews 11:5, Hebrews 11:33, Hebrews 11:39) to God‘s fulfilling his promises as shown in chapter Heb 11. Laying aside (ογκον παντα — apothemenoi). Second aorist-middle (indirect, from ourselves) participle of ενεγκειν περω — apotithēmi old verb as in Colossians 3:8 (laying off old clothes). The runners ran in the stadium nearly naked. Every weight (πορτοσ βαρος — ogkon panta). Old word (kin to την ευπεριστατον αμαρτιαν — enegkein class="normal greek">ευ — pherō) like περιιστημι — phortos class="normal greek">τρεχωμεν — baros Here every encumbrance that handicaps like doubt, pride, sloth, anything. No trailing garment to hinder or trip one. The sin which doth so easily beset us (τρεχω — tēn euperistaton hamartian). “The easily besetting sin.” There are a dozen possible renderings of this double compound verbal from δι υπομονης — eu well, and τον προκειμενον ημιν αγωνα — periistēmi to place around or to stand around (intransitive). The Vulgate has circumstans nos peccatum (the sin standing around us). Probably this is the true idea here, “the easily encompassing (or surrounding) sin.” In this case apostasy from Christ was that sin. In our cases it may be some other sin. The verbal adjective reminds one of the ring of wild beasts in the jungle that encircle the camp-fire at night each ready to pounce upon a careless victim. Let us run (προκειμαι — trechōmen). Present active volitive subjunctive of ημιν — trechō “let us keep on running.” With patience (di' hupomonēs). Not with impatience, doubt, or despair. The race that is set before us (ton prokeimenon hēmin agōna). Note the article and the present middle participle of prokeimai old compound (already in Hebrews 6:18, and also in Hebrews 12:2). Dative case (hēmin) of personal interest. [source]
Therefore [τοιγαροῦν]
An emphatic particle, strongly affirming the facts on which the following exhortation is based. [source]
We also are compassed [καὶ ἡμεῖς]
According to this the sense would be, those described in ch. 11 were compassed with a cloud of witnesses, and we also are so compassed. Wrong. The we also should be construed with let us run. “Therefore let us also (as they did) run our appointed race with patience.” [source]
Seeing we are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses [τοσοῦτον ἔχοντες περικείμενον ἡμῖν νέφος μαρτύρων]
Lit. having so great a cloud of witnesses lying around us. Νέφος cloudN.T.omeans a great mass of cloud covering the entire visible space of the heavens, and therefore without definite form, or a single large mass in which definite outlines are not emphasized or distinguished. It thus differs from νεφέλη , which is a detached and sharply outlined cloud. Νέφος is therefore more appropriate to the author's image, which is that of a vast encompassing and overhanging mass. The use of cloud for a mass of living beings is familiar in poetry. Thus Homer, a cloud of footmen (Il. xxiii. 138): of Trojans (Il. xvi. 66). Themistocles, addressing the Athenians, says of the host of Xerxes, “we have had the fortune to save both ourselves and Greece by repelling so great a cloud of men ” (Hdt. viii. 109). Spenser, F. Q. i. 1,23:“A cloud of cumbrous gnattes doe him molest.”Milton, Par. L. i. 340:“A pitchy cloud of locusts.”Witnesses ( μαρτύρων ) does not mean spectators, but those who have born witness to the truth, as those enumerated in ch. 11. Yet the idea of spectators is implied, and is really the principal idea. The writer's picture is that of an arena in which the Christians whom he addresses are contending in a race, while the vast host of the heroes of faith who, after having born witness to the truth, have entered into their heavenly rests watches the contest from the encircling tiers of the arena, compassing and overhanging it like a cloud, filled with lively interest and sympathy, and lending heavenly aid. How striking the contrast of this conception with that of Kaulbach's familiar “Battle of the Huns,” in which the slain warriors are depicted rising from the field and renewing the fight in the upper air with aggravated fury. [source]
Weight [ὄγκον]
N.T.oolxx. Lit. bulk, mass. Often in Class. Sometimes metaphorically of a person, dignity, importance, pretension: of a writer's style, loftiness, majesty, impressiveness. Rend. “encumbrance,” according to the figure of the racer who puts away everything which may hinder his running. So the readers are exhorted to lay aside every worldly hindrance or embarrassment to their Christian career. [source]
And the sin which doth so easily beset [καὶ τὴν εὐπερίστατον ἁμαρτίαν]
Καὶ adds to the general encumbrance a specific encumbrance or hindrance. Ἑυπερίστατος N.T.oolxx, oClass. From εὐ readilydeftly, cleverly, and περιΐ̀στασθαι toplace itself round. Hence, of a sin which readily or easily encircles and entangles the Christian runner, like a long, loose robe clinging to his limbs. Beset is a good rendering, meaning to surround. In earlier English especially of surrounding crowns, etc., with jewels. So Gower, Conf. Am. i. 127.“With golde and riche stones beset.”Shakespeare, Two Gent. V. v. 3:“The thicket is beset; he cannot 'scape.”The sin may be any evil propensity. The sin of unbelief naturally suggests itself here. [source]
With patience [δἰ ὑπομονῆς]
Ὑπομονὴ includes both passive endurance and active persistence. See on 2 Peter 1:6, and see on James 5:7. For this use of δἰ withsee on Hebrews 9:11. [source]
The race [τὸν ἀγῶνα]
Instead of a specific word for race ( δρόμος ), the general term contest is used. For προκείμενον setbefore, see on Hebrews 6:18. [source]

Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Hebrews 12:1

Matthew 5:8 Shall see God [τον τεον οπσονται]
Without holiness no man will see the Lord in heaven (Hebrews 12:14). The Beatific Vision is only possible here on earth to those with pure hearts. No other can see the King now. Sin befogs and beclouds the heart so that one cannot see God. Purity has here its widest sense and includes everything. [source]
Luke 6:18 Vexed [ὀχλούμενοι]
The best texts read ἐνοχλούμενοι , occurring only here and Hebrews 12:15. From ὄχλος , a crowd or mob, with the idea of want of arrangement and discipline, and therefore of confusion and tumult. Hence it is applied to the noise and tumult of a crowd, and so passes into the sense of the trouble and annoyance caused by these, and of trouble generally, like the Latin turbae. Thus Herodotus says of Croesus, when on the funeral-pile he uttered the name of Solon, and the interpreters begged him to explain what he meant, “and as they pressed for an answer and grew troublesome ( καὶ ὄχλον παρεχόντων )” - I., 86. Frequent in medical language. Thus Hippocrates, “troubled ( ἐνοχλουμένῳ ) with a spasm or tetanus.” [source]
Luke 4:37 The fame [ἦχος]
Lit., noise. Rev., rumor. Only here, Luke 21:25, where the correct reading is ἤχους ,the roaring, and Acts 2:2. Hebrews 12:19 is a quotation from the Septuagint. It is the word used in Acts 2:2 of the mighty rushing wind at Pentecost. Mark uses ἀκοὴ , in its earlier sense of a report. The same word occurs in Luke, but always in the sense in which medical writers employed it - hearing or the ears. See Luke 7:1; Acts 17:20; Acts 28:26. Ἦχος , was the medical term for sound in the ears or head. Hippocrates uses both words together: “the ears ( ἀκοαὶ ) are full of sound ( ἤχου );” and Aretaeus of the noise of the sea, as sa40" translation="">Luke 21:25.sa40 [source]
Luke 24:39 Handle [ψηλαφήσατε]
Compare 1 John 1:1. The word occurs also Acts 17:27; Hebrews 12:18. “It never expresses the so handling an object as to exercise a moulding, modifying influence upon it, but at most a feeling of its surface; this, it may be, with the intention of learning its composition (Genesis 27:12, Genesis 27:21, Genesis 27:22); while, not seldom, it signifies no more than a feeling for or after an object, without any actual coming in contact with it at all” (Trench, “Synonyms”). Compare Acts 17:27. Used of groping in the dark, Job 5:14:; of the blind, Isaiah 59:10; Deuteronomy 28:29; Judges, Judges 16:26. See on Hebrews 12:18. [source]
Luke 14:18 Make excuse [παραιτεῖσθαι]
Also rendered in New Testament refuse, Hebrews 12:19, Hebrews 12:25, where both meanings occur. See also 2 Timothy 2:23, Rev. Our phrase, beg off, expresses the idea here. [source]
Luke 13:13 She was made straight [ἀνορθώθη]
The verb occurs, Acts 15:16, of setting up the tabernacle of David, and Hebrews 12:12, of lifting up the hands which hang down. [source]
Luke 23:16 Chastise [παιδεύσας]
Originally to bring up a child ( παῖς ). Hence, to instruct; so Acts 7:22, of Moses instructed in the wisdom of the Egyptians; and Acts 22:3, of Paul instructed in the law. To discipline orcorrect, as Hebrews 12:6, Hebrews 12:7. The word is not synonymous with punish, since it always implies an infliction which contemplates the subject's amendment; and hence answers to chastise or chasten. So Hebrews 12:10; Revelation 3:19. In popular speech chastise and punish are often confounded. Chasten is from the Latin castus, “pure,” “chaste;” and to chasten is, properly, to purify. This meaning underlies even the use of the word by Pilate, who was not likely to be nice in his choice of words. Instead of punishing him with death, he will chastise him, in order to teach him better. So Wyc., I shall deliver him amended. [source]
Luke 13:13 She was made straight [ανωρτωτη]
First aorist (effective) passive indicative of ανορτοω — anorthoō old verb, but only three times in the N.T. (Luke 13:13; Hebrews 12:12; Acts 15:16), to make straight again. Here it has the literal sense of making straight the old woman‘s crooked back.She glorified God (εδοχαζεν τον τεον — edoxazen ton theon). Imperfect active. Began it (inchoative) and kept it up. [source]
Luke 14:18 To make excuse [παραιτεισται]
This common Greek verb is used in various ways, to ask something from one (Mark 15:6), to deprecate or ask to avert (Hebrews 12:19), to refuse or decline (Acts 25:11), to shun or to avoid (2 Timothy 2:23), to beg pardon or to make excuses for not doing or to beg (Luke 14:18). All these ideas are variations of αιτεω — aiteō to ask in the middle voice with παρα — para in composition.The first (ο πρωτος — ho prōtos). In order of time. There are three of the “many” (“all”), whose excuses are given, each more flimsy than the other.I must needs I have necessity. The land would still be there, a strange “necessity.”Have me excused (εχε με παρηιτημενον — eche me parēitēmenon). An unusual idiom somewhat like the English perfect with the auxiliary “have” and the modern Greek idiom with εχω — echō but certainly not here a Greek periphrasis for παρηιτησο — parēitēso This perfect passive participle is predicate and agrees with με — me See a like idiom in Mark 3:1; Luke 12:19 (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 902f.). The Latin had a similar idiom, habe me excusatum. Same language in Luke 14:19. [source]
Acts 14:10 Upright [ὀρθός]
Only here and Hebrews 12:13. Compare made straight, Luke 13:13, and see note there. [source]
Acts 1:22 Witness [μάτρυρα]
One who shall bear testimony: not a spectator, a mistake often made on Hebrews 12:1. Compare Acts 2:32. [source]
Acts 15:19 That we trouble not [μη παρενοχλειν]
Present active infinitive with μη — mē in an indirect command (Robertson, Grammar, p. 1046) of παρενοχλεω — parenochleō a common late verb, occurring here alone in the N.T. This double compound (παρα εν — paraενοχλεω — en) is from the old compound εν — enochleō (οχλος — en and παρα — ochlos crowd, annoyance) seen in Luke 6:18; Hebrews 12:15, and means to cause trouble beside (para) one or in a matter. This is the general point of James which he explains further concerning “those who are turning from the Gentiles unto God,” the very kind of people referred to in Amos. [source]
Acts 28:20 Because of the hope of Israel [εινεκεν της ελπιδος του Ισραελ]
Genitive with preposition εινεκεν — heineken The hope of the Messiah is his point as in Acts 26:6. I am bound with this chain (την αλυσιν ταυτην περικειμαι — tēn halusin tautēn perikeimai). This old verb means to lie around as in Luke 17:2; Hebrews 12:1. But it is also used as the passive of περιτιτημι — peritithēmi to place around with the accusative of περιτιτημι — peritithēmi retained. It is a transitive passive. Paul does not lie around the chain, but the chain lies around him, a curious reversal of the imagery (Robertson, Grammar, p. 815). [source]
Acts 15:19 My judgment is [εγω κρινω]
Note expression of εγω — egō I give my judgment. (Εγο χενσεο — Ego censeo). James sums up the case as President of the Conference in a masterly fashion and with that consummate wisdom for which he is noted. It amounts to a resolution for the adoption by the assembly as happened (Acts 15:33). That we trouble not Present active infinitive with μη — mē in an indirect command (Robertson, Grammar, p. 1046) of παρενοχλεω — parenochleō a common late verb, occurring here alone in the N.T. This double compound (παρα εν — paraενοχλεω — en) is from the old compound εν — enochleō (οχλος — en and παρα — ochlos crowd, annoyance) seen in Luke 6:18; Hebrews 12:15, and means to cause trouble beside (para) one or in a matter. This is the general point of James which he explains further concerning “those who are turning from the Gentiles unto God,” the very kind of people referred to in Amos. [source]
Acts 28:20 I am bound with this chain [την αλυσιν ταυτην περικειμαι]
This old verb means to lie around as in Luke 17:2; Hebrews 12:1. But it is also used as the passive of περιτιτημι — peritithēmi to place around with the accusative of περιτιτημι — peritithēmi retained. It is a transitive passive. Paul does not lie around the chain, but the chain lies around him, a curious reversal of the imagery (Robertson, Grammar, p. 815). [source]
Acts 8:23 In the gall of bitterness [εις χολην πικριας]
Old word from χολας — cholas either from χεω — cheō to pour, or χλοη — chloē yellowish green, bile or gall. In the N.T. only in Matthew 27:34 and here. In lxx in sense of wormwood as well as bile. See Deuteronomy 29:18 and Deuteronomy 32:32; Lamentations 3:15; and Job 16:14. “Gall and bitterness” in Deuteronomy 29:18. Here the gall is described by the genitive πικριας — pikrias as consisting in “bitterness.” In Hebrews 12:15 “a root of bitterness,” a bitter root. This word πικρια — pikria in the N.T. only here and Hebrews 12:15; Romans 3:14; Ephesians 4:31. The “bond of iniquity” Peter describes Simon‘s offer as poison and a chain. [source]
Acts 17:27 If haply they might feel after him [ει αρα γε πσηλαπησειαν αυτον]
First aorist active (Aeolic form) optative of πσηλαπαω — psēlaphaō old verb from πσαω — psaō to touch. So used by the Risen Jesus in his challenge to the disciples (Luke 24:39), by the Apostle John of his personal contact with Jesus (1 John 1:1), of the contact with Mount Sinai (Hebrews 12:18). Here it pictures the blind groping of the darkened heathen mind after God to “find him” Helen Keller, when told of God, said that she knew of him already, groping in the dark after him. The optative here with ει — ei is due to the condition of the fourth class (undetermined, but with vague hope of being determined) with aim also present (Robertson, Grammar, p. 1021). Note also αρα γε — ara geō the inferential particle αρα — ara with the delicate intensive particle γε — geō Though he is not far from each one of us (και γε ου μακραν απο ενος εκαστου ημων υπαρχοντα — kai geō ou makran apo henos hekastou hēmōn huparchonta). More exactly with B L (και γε — kai geō instead of καιτοι — kaitoi or καιτοι γε — kaitoi geō), “and yet being not far from each one of us,” a direct statement rather than a concessive one. The participle υπαρχοντα — huparchonta agrees with αυτον — auton and the negative ου — ou rather than the usual με — me with the participle makes an emphatic negative. Note also the intensive particle γε — geō f0). [source]
Romans 6:19 Holiness [ἁγιασμόν]
Rev., sanctification. For the kindred adjective ἅγιος holysee on saints, Acts 26:10. Ἁγιασμός is used in the New Testament both of a process - the inauguration and maintenance of the life of fellowship with God, and of the resultant state of sanctification. See 1 Thessalonians 4:3, 1 Thessalonians 4:7; 2 Thessalonians 2:13; 1 Timothy 2:15; 1 Peter 1:2; Hebrews 12:14. It is difficult to determine which is meant here. The passages in Thessalonians, Timothy, and Hebrews, are cited by interpreters on both sides. As in Romans 6:22it appears that sanctification contemplates a further result (everlasting life), it is perhaps better to understand it as the process. Yield your members to righteousness in order to carry on the progressive work of sanctification, perfecting holiness (1 Corinthians 7:1). [source]
Romans 15:23 Place [τόπον]
Scope, opportunity. So of Esau, Hebrews 12:17. Compare Romans 12:19; Ephesians 4:27. [source]
Romans 12:13 Given to hospitality [φιλοξενίαν διώκοντες]
Lit., pursuing hospitality. For a similar use of the verb compare 1 Corinthians 14:1; 1 Thessalonians 5:15; Hebrews 12:14; 1 Peter 3:11. A necessary injunction when so many Christians were banished and persecuted. The verb indicates not only that hospitality is to be furnished when sought, but that Christians are to seek opportunities of exercising it. [source]
1 Corinthians 4:9 Appointed to death [ἐπιθανατίους]
Rev., doomed. Only here in the New Testament. Probably an allusion to the practice of exposing condemned criminals in the amphitheatre to fight with beasts or with one another as gladiators. The gladiators, on entering the arena, saluted the presiding officer with the words Nos morituri salutamus, We who are to die greet you. Tertullian paraphrases this passage, God hath chosen us apostles last as beast-fighters. “The vast range of an amphitheatre under the open sky, well represents the magnificent vision of all created things, from men up to angels, gazing on the dreadful death-struggle; and then the contrast of the selfish Corinthians sitting by unconcerned and unmoved by the awful spectacle” (Stanley). For a similar image of spectators watching the contest in the arena, see Hebrews 12:1. Compare also 1 Corinthians 15:32. [source]
2 Corinthians 8:12 If there be first a willing mind [εἰ ἡ προθυμία προκειται]
The error of the A.V. consists in regarding πρό in πρόκειται as indicating priority in time; be first; whereas it signifies position, before one; as “the hope, or the race, or the joy which is set before us.” Hebrews 6:18; Hebrews 12:1, Hebrews 12:2; or “the example which is set forth,” Judges 1:7. Hence Rev., correctly, if the readiness is there. [source]
Ephesians 4:31 Bitterness [πικρια]
Old word from πικρος — pikros (bitter), in N.T. only here and Acts 8:23; Romans 3:14; Hebrews 12:15. [source]
Ephesians 6:4 In the chastening and admonition of the Lord [εν παιδειαι και νουτεσιαι του κυριου]
Εν — En is the sphere in which it all takes place. There are only three examples in the N.T. of παιδεια — paideia old Greek for training a παις — pais (boy or girl) and so for the general education and culture of the child. Both papyri and inscriptions give examples of this original and wider sense (Moulton and Milligan, Vocabulary). It is possible, as Thayer gives it, that this is the meaning here in Ephesians 6:4. In 2 Timothy 3:16 adults are included also in the use. In Hebrews 12:5, Hebrews 12:7, Hebrews 12:11 the narrower sense of “chastening” appears which some argue for here. At any rate νουτεσια — nouthesia (from νουσ τιτημι — noustithēmi), common from Aristophanes on, does have the idea of correction. In N.T. only here and 1 Corinthians 10:11; Titus 3:10. [source]
Colossians 3:8 Put off [ἀπόθεσθε]
Compare Romans 13:12; Ephesians 4:22, Ephesians 4:25; Hebrews 12:1; James 1:21; 1 Peter 2:1. [source]
Colossians 1:29 Striving [ἀγωνιζόμενος]
From ἀγών originally an assembly, a place of assembly, especially for viewing the games. Hence the contest itself, the word being united with different adjectives indicating the character of the contest, as ἱππικός ofhorses; γυμνικός gymnastic μουσικός ofmusic; χάλκεος , where the prize is a brazen shield, etc. Generally, any struggle or trial. Hence the verb means to enter a contest, to contend, to struggle. The metaphor is a favorite one with Paul, and, with the exception of three instances (Luke 13:24; John 18:36; Hebrews 12:1), the words ἀγών contestand ἀγωνίζομαι tocontend are found only in his writings. See 1 Timothy 6:12; 2 Timothy 4:7; 1 Corinthians 9:25(note); 1 Thessalonians 2:2. [source]
1 Thessalonians 2:2 In much contention [ἐν πολλῷ ἀγῶνι]
Better conflict. Comp. Colossians 2:1; Philemon 1:27; 1 Timothy 6:12; Hebrews 12:1. Ἁγὼν originally of a contest in the arena; but it is used of any struggle, outward or inward. [source]
1 Thessalonians 4:8 Therefore [τοιγαρουν]
This old triple compound particle (τοι γαρ ουν — toiο ατετων — garατετος — oun) is in the N.T. only here and Hebrews 12:1. Paul applies the logic of the case. [source]
1 Timothy 4:8 Profiteth little [πρὸς ὀλίγον ἐστὶν ὠφέλιμος]
Lit. is profitable for a little. The phrase πρὸς ὀλίγον only here and James 5:14. In the latter passage it means for a little while. Comp. Hebrews 12:10, πρὸς ὀλίγας ἡμέρας for a few days. According to some, this is the meaning here; but against this is the antithesis πρὸς πάντα unto all things. The meaning is rather, the use of the athlete's training extends to only a few things. Ὡφέλιμος usefulor profitable, only in Pastorals. Comp. 2 Timothy 3:16; Titus 3:8. olxx. [source]
1 Timothy 4:7 Shun [παραιτοῦ]
Comp. 1 Timothy 5:11; 2 Timothy 2:23; Titus 3:10. oP. The primary meaning is to ask as a favor (Mark 15:6; Hebrews 12:19). Mostly in this sense in lxx, as 1 Samuel 20:6, 1 Samuel 20:28. To deprecate; to prevent the consequences of an act by protesting against and disavowing it, as Luke href="/desk/?q=lu+14:18&sr=1">Luke 14:18, Luke 14:19; 4Macc. 11:2. To decline, refuse, avoid, as here, Acts 25:11; Hebrews 12:25. [source]
1 Timothy 4:7 Profane []
See on 1 Timothy 1:9, and comp. 1 Timothy 6:20; 2 Timothy 2:16; Hebrews 12:16. [source]
1 Timothy 4:7 Exercise [γύμναζε]
oP. Only here in Pastorals. Hebrews 5:14; Hebrews 12:11; 2 Peter 2:14. From γυμνός nakedIn Class. Of training naked in gymnastic exercises; also, metaphorically, of training for or practicing an art or profession. [source]
1 Timothy 1:9 Unholy - profane [ἀνοσίοις - βεβήλοις]
Ἁνοσιος unholyPastoSee on holiness, Luke 1:75. Βέβηλος profanecomp. 1 Timothy 4:7; 1 Timothy 6:20; 2 Timothy 2:16; Hebrews 12:16. The verb βεβηλοῦν toprofane, Matthew 12:5; Acts 24:6, and often in lxx. Derived from βηλός threshold(comp. βαίνειν togo ). Hence the primary sense is that may be trodden. Comp. Lat. Profanus before the temple, on the ground outside. What is permitted to be trodden by people at large is unhallowed, profane. Esau is called βέβηλος in Hebrews 12:16, as one who did not regard his birthright as sacred, but as something to be sold in order to supply a common need. [source]
1 Timothy 1:6 Have turned aside [ἐξετράπησαν]
oP. Comp. 1Timothy href="/desk/?q=1ti+5:15&sr=1">1 Timothy 5:15; 1 Timothy 6:20; 2 Timothy 4:4; Hebrews 12:13. [source]
1 Timothy 1:6 Have turned aside [εχετραπησαν]
Second aorist passive indicative of εκτρεπω — ektrepō old and common verb, to turn or twist out or aside. In medical sense in Hebrews 12:13. As metaphor in 1 Timothy 1:6; 1 Timothy 6:20; 2 Timothy 4:4. Vain talking (ματαιολογιαν — mataiologian). Late word from ματαιολογος — mataiologos only here in N.T., in the literary Koiné. [source]
1 Timothy 1:9 Sinners [αμαρτωλοις]
See Romans 3:7. Unholy (ανοσιοις — anosiois). Common word (α — a privative and οσιος — hosios In N.T. only here and 2 Timothy 3:2. Profane Old word from βαινω — bainō to go, and βηλος — bēlos threshold. See Hebrews 12:16. Murderers of fathers (πατρολωιαις — patrolōiais). Late form for common Attic πατραλωιαις — patralōiais (from πατηρ — patēr father, and αλοιαω — aloiaō to smite) only here in N.T. Murderers of mothers Late form Attic μητραλωιαις — mētralōiais Only here in N.T. Manslayers (ανδραπονοις — andraphonois). Old compound (ανηρ — anēr man, πονος — phonos murder). Only here in N.T. [source]
1 Timothy 1:9 Unruly [ανυποτακτοις]
Dative (like all these words) of the late verbal In N.T. only here, Titus 1:6, Titus 1:10; Hebrews 2:8. Ungodly (ασεβεσι — asebesi). See Romans 4:5; Romans 5:6. Sinners See Romans 3:7. Unholy (ανοσιοις — anosiois). Common word (α — a privative and οσιος — hosios In N.T. only here and 2 Timothy 3:2. Profane Old word from βαινω — bainō to go, and βηλος — bēlos threshold. See Hebrews 12:16. Murderers of fathers (πατρολωιαις — patrolōiais). Late form for common Attic πατραλωιαις — patralōiais (from πατηρ — patēr father, and αλοιαω — aloiaō to smite) only here in N.T. Murderers of mothers Late form Attic μητραλωιαις — mētralōiais Only here in N.T. Manslayers (ανδραπονοις — andraphonois). Old compound (ανηρ — anēr man, πονος — phonos murder). Only here in N.T. [source]
1 Timothy 1:9 Profane [βεβηλοις]
Old word from βαινω — bainō to go, and βηλος — bēlos threshold. See Hebrews 12:16. Murderers of fathers (πατρολωιαις — patrolōiais). Late form for common Attic πατραλωιαις — patralōiais (from πατηρ — patēr father, and αλοιαω — aloiaō to smite) only here in N.T. Murderers of mothers Late form Attic μητραλωιαις — mētralōiais Only here in N.T. Manslayers (ανδραπονοις — andraphonois). Old compound (ανηρ — anēr man, πονος — phonos murder). Only here in N.T. [source]
1 Timothy 4:7 Profane [βεβηλους]
See note on 2 Timothy 1:9. Old wives‘ fables (γραωδεις μυτους — graōdeis muthous). On μυτος — muthos see note on 2 Timothy 1:4. Γραωδεις — Graōdeis late word (Strabo, Galen) from γραυς — graus old woman, and ειδος — eidos (look, appearance). Such as old women tell to children like the Gnostic aeons. Exercise thyself Present active imperative of γυμναζω — gumnazō originally to exercise naked Old and common verb, but in N.T. only here and Hebrews 5:14; Hebrews 12:11. [source]
1 Timothy 4:7 Exercise thyself [γυμναζε σεαυτον]
Present active imperative of γυμναζω — gumnazō originally to exercise naked Old and common verb, but in N.T. only here and Hebrews 5:14; Hebrews 12:11. [source]
2 Timothy 4:8 Shall give [ἀποδώσει]
Most frequent in Synoptic Gospels. It may mean to give over or away, as Matthew 27:58; Acts 5:8; Hebrews 12:16: or to give back, recompose, as here, Matthew 6:4, Matthew 6:6, Matthew 6:18; Romans 2:6. [source]
2 Timothy 2:22 Peace [εἰρήνην]
Not a distinct virtue in the list, but a consequence of the pursuit of the virtues enumerated. Const. with with them that call, etc. For peace with διώκειν pursuesee Romans 14:19; Hebrews 12:14, and Psalm 34:14, cit. 1 Peter 3:11. [source]
2 Timothy 2:15 To present [παραστησαι]
First aorist active infinitive of παριστημι — paristēmi as in Colossians 1:22, Colossians 1:28. Approved unto God (δοκιμον τωι τεωι — dokimon tōi theōi). Dative case τεωι — theōi with δοκιμον — dokimon predicate accusative, old adjective (from δεχομαι — dechomai), for which see note on 1 Corinthians 11:19; 2 Corinthians 10:18. A workman See 2 Corinthians 11:3; Philemon 3:2. That needeth not to be ashamed (ανεπαισχυντον — anepaischunton). Late double compound verbal adjective (α — a privative, επαισχυνω — epaischunō), in Josephus and here alone. Handling aright Present active participle of ορτοτομεω — orthotomeō late and rare compound (ορτοτομος — orthotomos), cutting straight, ορτος — orthos and τεμνω — temnō), here only in N.T. It occurs in Proverbs 3:6; Proverbs 11:5 for making straight paths (οδους — hodous) with which compare Hebrews 12:13 and “the Way” in Acts 9:2. Theodoret explains it to mean ploughing a straight furrow. Parry argues that the metaphor is the stone mason cutting the stones straight since τεμνω — temnō and ορτος — orthos are so used. Since Paul was a tent-maker and knew how to cut straight the rough camel-hair cloth, why not let that be the metaphor? Certainly plenty of exegesis is crooked enough (crazy-quilt patterns) to call for careful cutting to set it straight. [source]
2 Timothy 2:15 A workman [εργατην]
See 2 Corinthians 11:3; Philemon 3:2. That needeth not to be ashamed (ανεπαισχυντον — anepaischunton). Late double compound verbal adjective (α — a privative, επαισχυνω — epaischunō), in Josephus and here alone. Handling aright Present active participle of ορτοτομεω — orthotomeō late and rare compound (ορτοτομος — orthotomos), cutting straight, ορτος — orthos and τεμνω — temnō), here only in N.T. It occurs in Proverbs 3:6; Proverbs 11:5 for making straight paths (οδους — hodous) with which compare Hebrews 12:13 and “the Way” in Acts 9:2. Theodoret explains it to mean ploughing a straight furrow. Parry argues that the metaphor is the stone mason cutting the stones straight since τεμνω — temnō and ορτος — orthos are so used. Since Paul was a tent-maker and knew how to cut straight the rough camel-hair cloth, why not let that be the metaphor? Certainly plenty of exegesis is crooked enough (crazy-quilt patterns) to call for careful cutting to set it straight. [source]
2 Timothy 2:15 Handling aright [ορτοτομουντα]
Present active participle of ορτοτομεω — orthotomeō late and rare compound (ορτοτομος — orthotomos), cutting straight, ορτος — orthos and τεμνω — temnō), here only in N.T. It occurs in Proverbs 3:6; Proverbs 11:5 for making straight paths (οδους — hodous) with which compare Hebrews 12:13 and “the Way” in Acts 9:2. Theodoret explains it to mean ploughing a straight furrow. Parry argues that the metaphor is the stone mason cutting the stones straight since τεμνω — temnō and ορτος — orthos are so used. Since Paul was a tent-maker and knew how to cut straight the rough camel-hair cloth, why not let that be the metaphor? Certainly plenty of exegesis is crooked enough (crazy-quilt patterns) to call for careful cutting to set it straight. [source]
Titus 1:15 To them that are defiled [τοις μεμιαμμενοις]
Perfect passive articular participle of μιαινω — miainō old verb, to dye with another colour, to stain, in N.T. only here, Judges 1:8; Hebrews 12:15. See μεμιανται — memiantai (perf. pass. indic.) in this verse. Μολυνω — Molunō (1 Corinthians 8:7) is to smear. [source]
Titus 1:15 Unto them that are defiled [τοῖς μεμιαμμένοις]
Only here in Pastorals. See also John 18:28(note); Hebrews 12:15; Judges 1:8. Only in John 18:28in a ceremonial sense. Elsewhere of moral pollution. [source]
Hebrews 5:2 For that he himself also is compassed with infirmity [ἐπεὶ καὶ αὐτὸς περίκειται ἀσθένειαν]
Sympathy belongs to the high-priestly office, and grows out of the sense of personal infirmity. The verb is graphic: has infirmity lying round him. Comp. Hebrews 12:1, of the encompassing ( περικείμενον ) cloud of witnesses. Ἀσθένειαν the moral weakness which makes men capable of sin. This is denied in the case of Christ. See Hebrews 7:28. [source]
Hebrews 13:1 Let brotherly love continue [φιλαδελφία μενέτω]
Φιλαδελφία in Paul, Romans 12:10; 1 Thessalonians 4:9. As a proper name, Revelation 1:11; Revelation 3:7. It is not necessary to suppose that the admonition implies signs of estrangement among those addressed. Comp. Hebrews 3:13; Hebrews 6:10; Hebrews 10:24; Hebrews 12:12-15. [source]
Hebrews 12:20 Touch [θίγῃ]
Elsewhere in N.T. only Hebrews 11:28and Colossians 2:21. lxx only Exodus 19:12. It implies a touching or grasping which affects the object (comp. Hebrews 12:18on ψηλαφᾶν ). In Class. often of touching or handling some sacred object which may be desecrated by the one who lays hands on it. See Soph. Philoct. 667; Oed. Tyr. 891,899. So here, the touch of the mountain was profanation. [source]
Hebrews 4:1 Should seem to come short [δοκῇ ὑστερηκέναι]
According to this rendering, the meaning is that one must avoid the appearance of having failed to enter into the rest; the perfect tense ( ὑστερηκέναι ) placing the reader at the parousia, when judgment will be pronounced. This is forced, tame, and irrelevant to the previous discussion. Rend. lest any one of you think he has come too late for it. This accords with the previous admonitions against unbelief. For one to think that he has come too late to inherit the promise is to disbelieve an immutable promise of God. Hence the writer may well say, “Since this promise remains, let us fear to distrust it.” Ὑστερεῖν is to be behind; to come late; to come short; hence, to suffer need, as Philemon 4:12; of material deficiency, Luke 15:14; John 2:3; of moral and spiritual shortcoming, Romans 3:23; 1 Corinthians 8:8; Hebrews 12:15. [source]
Hebrews 12:24 The mediator of the new covenant [διαθήκης νέας μεσίτῃ]
See Hebrews 7:22; Hebrews 8:6, Hebrews 8:8, Hebrews 8:9, Hebrews 8:10; Hebrews 9:15. For covenant, see on Hebrews 9:6ff. For the new covenant, rend. a new covenant. Νέα newonly here applied to the covenant in N.T. The word elsewhere is καινή . For the distinction, see on Matthew 26:29. It is better not to press the distinction, since νεός , in certain cases, clearly has the sense of quality rather than of time, as 1 Corinthians 5:7; Colossians 3:10, and probably here, where to confine the sense to recent would seem to limit it unduly. In the light of all that the writer has said respecting the better quality of the Christian covenant, superseding the old, outworn, insufficient covenant, he may naturally be supposed to have had in mind something besides its mere recentness. Moreover, all through the contrast from Hebrews 12:18, the thought of earlier and later is not once touched, but only that of inferior and better; repellency and invitation; terrors and delights; fear and confidence. Note that the privilege of approaching the Mediator in person is emphasized. [source]
Hebrews 12:23 And church of the first-born which are written in heaven [καὶ ἐκκλησίᾳ πρωτοτόκων ἀπογεγραμμένων ἐν οὐρανοῖς]
This forms a distinct clause; “and to the church,” etc. For ἐκκλησία assemblyor church, see on Matthew 16:18; see on 1 Thessalonians 1:1. The “myriads” embrace not only angels, but redeemed men, enrolled as citizens of the heavenly commonwealth, and entitled to the rights and privileges of first-born sons. Πρωτότοκος first-bornis applied mostly to Christ in N.T. See Romans 8:29; Colossians 1:15, Colossians 1:18; Hebrews 1:6; Revelation 1:5. Comp. Hebrews 11:28, and Luke 2:7. Properly applied to Christians by virtue of their union with Christ, “the first-born of all creation,” “the first-born from the dead,” as sharing his sonship and heirship. See Romans 8:14-17, Romans 8:29. The word also points to Christians as the true Israel of God. The analogy is suggested with the first-born of Israel, to whom peculiar sanctity attached, and whose consecration to himself God enjoined (Exodus 13:1, Exodus 13:11-16); and with the further application of the term first-born to Israel as a people, Exodus 4:22. The way was thus prepared for its application to the Messiah. There seems, moreover, to be a clear reference to the case of Esau (Hebrews 12:16). Esau was the first-born of the twin sons of Isaac (Genesis 25:25). He sold his birthright ( πρωτοτοκία ), and thus forfeited the privilege of the first-born. The assembly to which Christian believers are introduced is composed of those who have not thus parted with their birthright, but have retained the privileges of the first-born. The phrase “church of the first-born” includes all who have possessed and retained their heavenly birthright, living or dead, of both dispensations: the whole Israel of God, although it is quite likely that the Christian church may have been most prominent in the writer's thought. [source]
Hebrews 12:2 For the joy that was set before him [ἀντὶ τῆς προκειμένης αὐτῷ χαρᾶς]
Ἁντὶ in its usual sense, in exchange for. Προκειμένης lyingbefore, present. The joy was the full, divine beatitude of his preincarnate life in the bosom of the Father; the glory which he had with God before the world was. In exchange for this he accepted the cross and the blame. The contrast is designed between the struggle which, for the present, is alone set before the readers (Hebrews 12:1), and the joy which was already present to Christ. The heroic character of his faith appears in his renouncing a joy already in possession in exchange for shame and death. The passage thus falls in with Philemon 2:6-8. [source]
Hebrews 12:11 No chastening for the present seemeth [πᾶσα μὲν παιδεία πρὸς μὲν τὸ παρὸν οὐ δοκεῖ]
Lit. all chastening - doth not seem. Πᾶσα ofall sorts, divine and human. The A.V., by joining οὐ notto πᾶσα alland rendering no chastisement, weakens the emphasis on the idea every kind of chastisement. Πρὸς μὲν τὸ παρὸν forthe present. For the force of πρὸς see on Hebrews 12:10. Not merely during the present, but for the present regarded as the time in which its application is necessary and salutary. Μὲν indicates that the suffering present is to be offset by a fruitful future - but ( δὲ ) afterward. [source]
Hebrews 10:39 But we are not of them who draw back [ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐκ ἐσμὲν ὑποστολῆς]
Lit. we are not of shrinking back. Ὑποστολὴ N.T.oolxx, oClass. Ἒιναι with genitive marks the quality or peculiarity of a person or thing. Comp. Hebrews 12:11 χαρᾶς εἶναι tobe of joy, joyful. We do not partake of drawing back, which is characteristic of recreants. [source]
Hebrews 10:11 Take away [περιελεῖν]
Only here in connection with sin. See on 2 Corinthians 3:16. The verb literally means to strip off all round. See Genesis 41:42(of a ring): Genesis 38:14; Deuteronomy 21:13(of clothes). Comp. εὐπερίστατος , Hebrews 12:1, see note, and περίκειται ἀσθένειαν iscompassed about with weakness, Hebrews 5:2. See also clothed with shame, and with cursing, Psalm 35:26; Psalm 109:18. [source]
Hebrews 11:6 Of them that diligently seek him [τοῖς ἐκζητοῦσιν αὐτὸν]
Lit. unto them that seek him out. Comp. Acts 15:17; Hebrews 12:17; 1 Peter 1:10. The verb is used of seeking God, Romans 3:11. God's beneficent will and attitude toward the seeker are not always apparent at the first approach. In such cases there is occasion for faith, in the face of delay, that diligent seeking will find its reward. One is reminded of Jesus' lessons on importunity in seeking God, Luke 11:5-10; Luke 18:1-8.He hides himself so wondrouslyAs though there were no God;He is least seen when all the powersOf ill are most abroad.Or he deserts us at the hourThe fight is almost lost,And seems to leave us to ourselvesJust when we need him most.It is not so, but so it looks;And we lose courage then;And doubts will come if God hath keptHis promises to men.”Faber. [source]
Hebrews 10:10 We are sanctified [ἡγιασμένοι]
Lit. we are having been sanctified; that is, in a sanctified state, as having become partakers of the spirit of Christ. This is the work of the eternal spirit, whose will is the very will of God. It draws men into its own sphere, and makes them partakers of its holiness (Hebrews 12:10). [source]
Hebrews 1:2 In these last times [ἐπ ' ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων]
Lit. at the last of these days. The exact phrase only here; but comp 1 Peter 1:20and Judges 1:18. lxx, ἐπ ' ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν atthe last of the days, Numbers 24:14; Deuteronomy 4:30; Jeremiah 23:20; Jeremiah 25:18; Daniel 10:14. The writer conceives the history of the world in its relation to divine revelation as falling into two great periods. The first he calls αἱ ἡμέραι αὗται thesedays (Hebrews 1:2), and ὀ καιρὸς ὁ ἐνεστηκώς thepresent season (Hebrews 9:9). The second he describes as καιρὸς διορθώσεως theseason of reformation (Hebrews 9:10), which is ὀ καιρὸς ὁ μέλλων theseason to come: comp. ἡ οἰκουμένη ἡ μέλλουσα theworld to come (Hebrews 2:5); μέλλων αἰών theage to come (Hebrews 6:5); πόλις ἡ μέλλουσα thecity to come (Hebrews 12:14). The first period is the period of the old covenant; the second that of the new covenant. The second period does not begin with Christ's first appearing. His appearing and public ministry are at the end of the first period but still within it. The dividing-point between the two periods is the συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος theconsummation of the age, mentioned in Hebrews 9:26. This does not mean the same thing as at the last of these days (Hebrews 1:2), which is the end of the first period denoted by these days, but the conclusion of the first and the beginning of the second period, at which Christ appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself. This is the end of the καιρὸς ἐνεστηκώς thepresent season: this is the limit of the validity of the old sacrificial offerings: this is the inauguration of the time of reformation. The phrase ἐπ ' ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων therefore signifies, in the last days of the first period, when Christ was speaking on earth, and before his crucifixion, which marked the beginning of the second period, the better age of the new covenant. [source]
Hebrews 10:39 But we [ημεις δε]
In contrast to renegades who do flicker and turn back from Christ. Of them that shrink back unto perdition Predicate genitive of υποστολη — hupostolē as in Hebrews 12:11, from υποστελλω — hupostellō with same sense here, stealthy retreat in Plutarch, dissimulation in Josephus. Here alone in the N.T. Unto the saving of the soul Old word from περιποιεω — peripoieō to reserve, to preserve (Luke 17:33) to purchase (Acts 20:28). So here preserving or saving one‘s life as in Plato, but possession in Ephesians 1:14, obtaining in 1 Thessalonians 4:9. Papyri have it in sense of preservation. [source]
Hebrews 1:14 Ministering spirits [λειτουργικα πνευματα]
Thayer says that λειτουργικος — leitourgikos was not found in profane authors, but it occurs in the papyri for “work tax” (money in place of service) and for religious service also. The word is made from λειτουργια — leitourgia (Luke 1:23; Hebrews 8:6; Hebrews 9:21). Sent forth Present passive participle of αποστελλω — apostellō sent forth repeatedly, from time to time as occasion requires. For the sake of With the accusative, the usual causal meaning of δια — dia That shall inherit “That are going to inherit,” common idiom of μελλω — mellō (present active participle) with the infinitive (present active here), “destined to inherit” (Matthew 11:14). Salvation Here used of the final salvation in its consummation. Only here in the N.T. do we have “inherent salvation,” but see Hebrews 6:12; Hebrews 12:17. We do not have here the doctrine of special guardian angels for each of us, but simply the fact that angels are used for our good. “And if so, may we not be aided, inspired, guided by a cloud of witnesses - not witnesses only, but helpers, agents like ourselves of the immanent God?” (Sir Oliver Lodge, The Hibbert Journal, Jan., 1903, p. 223). [source]
Hebrews 12:2 Looking unto [απορωντες εις]
Present active participle of αποραω — aphoraō old verb to look away, “looking away to Jesus.” In N.T. only here and Philemon 2:23. Fix your eyes on Jesus, after a glance at “the cloud of witnesses,” for he is the goal. Cf. Moses in Hebrews 11:26 The author See Hebrews 2:10 for this word. “The pioneer of personal faith” (Moffatt). Perfecter A word apparently coined by the writer from τελειοω — teleioō as it has been found nowhere else. Vulgate has consummator. For the joy Answering to, in exchange for (Hebrews 12:16), at the end of the race lay the joy “set before him” The cross at his time brought only shame (most shameful of deaths, “yea, the death of the cross” Philemon 2:8). But Jesus despised that, in spite of the momentary shrinking from it, and did his Father‘s will by submitting to it. Hath sat down Perfect active indicative of κατιζω — kathizō and still is there (Hebrews 1:3). [source]
Hebrews 12:4 Resisted [αντικατεστητε]
Second aorist active indicative (intransitive) of the double compound αντικατιστημι — antikathistēmi old verb to stand in opposition against in line of battle, intransitively to stand face to face “Up to blood.” As was true of Jesus and many of the other heroes of faith in chapter Heb 11. Striving Present middle participle of ανταγωνιζομαι — antagōnizomai old verb with the same figure in αντικατεστητε — antikatestēte Against sin Face to face with sin as in Hebrews 12:1. [source]
Hebrews 12:14 Follow after peace [ειρηνην διωκετε]
Give peace a chase as if in a hunt. With all men Like Paul‘s use of διωκω — diōkō with ειρηνην — eirēnēn in Romans 14:19 and his to εχ υμων — ex humōn (so far as proceeds from you) in Hebrews 12:18. This lesson the whole world needs including Christians. Sanctification Consecration as in 1 Thessalonians 4:7; Romans 6:19, etc. Without which Ablative case of the relative with χωρις — chōris (post positive here). About seeing God compare Matthew 5:8 where we have καταροι — katharoi f0). [source]
Hebrews 12:22 But [αλλα]
Sharp contrast to Hebrews 12:18 with same form προσεληλυτατε — proselēluthate Unto Mount Zion Dative case of ορος — oros as with the other substantives. In contrast to Mount Sinai (Hebrews 12:18-21). Paul has contrasted Mount Sinai (present Jerusalem) with the Jerusalem above (heaven) in Galatians 4:21-31. City As in Hebrews 11:10, Hebrews 11:16. Heaven is termed thus a spiritual mountain and city. The heavenly Jerusalem See Hebrews 11:10, Hebrews 11:16; Isaiah 60:14. Innumerable hosts of angels “Myriads of angels.” Μυριας — Murias is an old word (from μυριος — murios 1 Corinthians 4:15) as in Luke 12:1. [source]
Hebrews 5:8 Though he was a Son [καιπερ ων υιος]
Concessive participle with καιπερ — kaiper regular Greek idiom as in Hebrews 7:5; Hebrews 12:17. Yet learned obedience Second aorist active indicative of μαντανω — manthanō Succinct and crisp statement of the humanity of Jesus in full harmony with Luke 2:40, Luke 2:52 and with Hebrews 2:10. By the things which he suffered There is a play on the two verbs (εματενεπατεν — emathen -πασχω — epathen), paronomasia. Second aorist active indicative of paschō He always did his Father‘s will (John 8:29), but he grew in experience as in wisdom and stature and in the power of sympathy with us. [source]
Hebrews 12:25 See [βλεπετε]
Earnest word as in Hebrews 3:12. Driving home the whole argument of the Epistle by this powerful contrast between Mount Zion and Mount Sinai. The consequences are dreadful to apostates now, for Zion has greater terrors than Sinai, great as those were. That ye refuse not Negative purpose with μη — mē and the first aorist middle subjunctive of παραιτεομαι — paraiteomai the same verb used in Hebrews 12:19 about the conduct of the Israelites at Sinai and also below. Him that speaketh Present active articular participle of λαλεω — laleō as in Hebrews 12:24 (Jesus speaking by his blood). For if they did not escape Condition of first class with ει — ei and second aorist active indicative of εκπευγω — ekpheugō to escape. Direct reference to Sinai with use of the same verb again Him that warned That is Moses. For χρηματιζω — chrēmatizō see Hebrews 8:5; Hebrews 11:7. Much more we Argument from the less to the greater, πολυ — polu adverbial accusative case. The verb has to be supplied from the condition, “We shall not escape.” Our chance to escape is far less, “we who turn away (αποστρεπομενοι — apostrephomenoi middle participle, turn ourselves away from) the one from heaven (τον απ ουρανων — ton ap' ouranōn),” God speaking through his Son (Hebrews 1:2). [source]
Hebrews 4:1 Let us fear therefore [ποβητωμεν ουν]
First aorist passive volitive subjunctive of ποβεομαι — phobeomai to be afraid. There is no break in the argument on Psalm 95:1-11. This is a poor chapter division. The Israelites perished because of disbelief. We today face a real peril. Lest haply Genitive absolute of the present passive participle of καταλειπω — kataleipō to leave behind. God‘s promise still holds good for us in spite of the failure of the Israelites. Should seem to have come short of it Perfect active infinitive of υστερεω — hustereō old verb from υστερος — husteros (comparative of root υδ — ud like our out, outer, outermost), to be too late, to fail to reach the goal as here, common in the N.T. (Hebrews 11:37; Hebrews 12:15). [source]
Hebrews 9:10 Only with meats and drinks and divers washings [μονον επι βρωμασιν και πομασιν και διαποροις βαπτισμοις]
The parenthesis of the Revised Version here is unnecessary. The use of επι — epi here with the locative case is regular, “in the matter of” (Luke 12:52; John 12:16; Acts 21:24). What ritual value these Levitical sacrifices had was confined to minute regulations about diet and ceremonial cleansing (clean and unclean). For “divers” Carnal ordinances But the correct text is undoubtedly simply δικαιωματα σαρκος — dikaiōmata sarkos (nominative case), in apposition with δωρα τε και τυσιαι — dōra te kai thusiai (gifts and sacrifices). See Hebrews 9:1 for δικαιωματα — dikaiōmata Imposed Present middle or passive participle of επικειμαι — epikeimai old verb to lie upon (be laid upon). Cf. 1 Corinthians 9:16. Until a time of reformation Definite statement of the temporary nature of the Levitical system already stated in Hebrews 7:10-17; Hebrews 8:13 and argued clearly by Paul in Galatians 3:15-22. Διορτωσις — Diorthōsis is a late word, here alone in N.T. (from διορτοω — diorthoō to set right or straight), used by Hippocrates for making straight misshapen limbs like ανορτοω — anorthoō in Hebrews 12:12. Here for reformation like διορτωμα — diorthōma (reform) in Acts 24:2. Christianity itself is the great Reformation of the current Judaism (Pharisaism) and the spiritual Judaism foreshadowed by the old Abrahamic promise (see Gal 3; Rom 9). [source]
James 1:19 Ye know this [ιστε]
Or “know this.” Probably the perfect active indicative (literary form as in Ephesians 5:5; Hebrews 12:17, unless both are imperative, while in James 4:4 we have οιδατε — oidate the usual vernacular Koiné perfect indicative). The imperative uses only ιστε — iste and only the context can decide which it is. Εστο — Esto (let be) is imperative. [source]
James 3:14 Bitter jealousy [ζηλον πικρον]
ηλος — Zēlos occurs in N.T. in good sense (John 2:17) and bad sense (Acts 5:17). Pride of knowledge is evil (1 Corinthians 8:1) and leaves a bitter taste. See “root of bitterness” in Hebrews 12:14 (cf. Ephesians 4:31). This is a condition of the first class. [source]
James 3:17 Then peaceable [επειτα ειρηνικη]
Old adjective from ειρηνη — eirēnē (peace), loving peace here, bringing peace in Hebrews 12:11 (only N.T. examples). But clearly great as peace is, purity (righteousness) comes before peace and peace at any price is not worth the having. Hence Jesus spurned the devil‘s peace of surrender.Gentle (επιεικης — epieikēs). Old adjective (from εικος — eikos reasonable, fair), equitable (Philemon 4:5; 1 Peter 2:18). No English word renders it clearly.Easy to be entreated Old adjective Practical help (James 2:13, James 2:16).Good fruits αδιακριτος — Kaloi karpoi in Matthew 7:17. Good deeds the fruit of righteousness (Philemon 1:11).Without variance (διακρινω — adiakritos). Late verbal adjective (from alpha privative and διακρινομενος — diakrinō to distinguish). “Unhesitating,” not doubting (ανυποκριτος — diakrinomenos) like the man in James 1:6. Here only in N.T. This wisdom does not put a premium on doubt.Without hypocrisy Late and rare verbal adjective (alpha privative and hupokrinō). Not hypocritical, sincere, unfeigned (Romans 12:9). [source]
James 5:16 That ye may be healed [οπως ιατητε]
Purpose clause with οπως — hopōs and the first aorist passive subjunctive of ιαομαι — iaomai Probably of bodily healing (James 5:14), though ιαομαι — iaomai is used also of healing of the soul (Matthew 13:15; 1 Peter 2:24; Hebrews 12:13) as Mayor takes it here. [source]
James 5:16 Pray for one another [προσευχεστε υπερ αλληλων]
Present middle imperative. Keep this up.That ye may be healed (οπως ιατητε — hopōs iathēte). Purpose clause with οπως — hopōs and the first aorist passive subjunctive of ιαομαι — iaomai Probably of bodily healing (James 5:14), though ιαομαι — iaomai is used also of healing of the soul (Matthew 13:15; 1 Peter 2:24; Hebrews 12:13) as Mayor takes it here.Availeth much “Has much force.” Present active indicative of ισχυω — ischuō (from ισχυς — ischus strength).In its working (ενεργουμενη — energoumenē). Probably the present middle participle of ενεργεω — energeō as Paul apparently uses it in Galatians 5:6; 2 Corinthians 4:12; 2 Thessalonians 2:7, meaning “when it works.” The passive is possible, as is the usual idiom elsewhere. Mayor argues strongly for the passive here, “when it is exercised” (Ropes). [source]
1 Peter 5:1 Witness [μάρτυς]
The word is used in the New Testament to denote (a) a spectator or eye-witness (Acts 10:39; Acts 6:13). (b) One who testifies to what he has seen (Acts 1:8; Acts 5:32). (c) In the forensic sense, a witness in court (Matthew 26:65; Mark 14:63). (d) One who vindicates his testimony by suffering: a martyr (Acts 22:20; Hebrews 12:1; Revelation 2:13; Revelation 17:6). The first three meanings run into each other. The eye-witness, as a spectator, is always such with a view to giving testimony. Hence this expression of Peter cannot be limited to the mere fact of his having seen what he preached; especially since, when he wishes to emphasize this fact, he employs another word, ἐπόπτης (2 Peter 1:16). Therefore he speaks of himself as a witness, especially in the sense of being called to testify of what he has seen. [source]
1 Peter 1:2 In sanctification [ἐν ἁγιασμῷ]
Compare 2 Thessalonians 2:13. The spiritual state in which the being elected to salvation is realized. The word is peculiarly Pauline, occurring eight times in Paul's epistles, and besides only here and Hebrews 12:14. [source]
1 Peter 1:10 Sought []
Used of Esau's seeking carefully for a place of repentance, in Hebrews 12:17. [source]
1 Peter 2:12 Which they behold [εποπτευοντες]
Present active participle of εποπτευω — epopteuō old verb (from, εποπτης — epoptēs overseer, spectator, 2 Peter 1:16), to be an overseer, to view carefully, in N.T. only here and 1 Peter 3:2.In the day of visitation (εν ημεραι επισκοπης — en hēmerāi episkopēs). From Isaiah 10:33. Cf. its use in Luke 19:44, which see for the word επισκοπη — episkopē (from επισκοπεω — episkopeō to inspect (Hebrews 12:15). Clear echo here of Matthew 5:16. [source]
1 Peter 2:12 In the day of visitation [εν ημεραι επισκοπης]
From Isaiah 10:33. Cf. its use in Luke 19:44, which see for the word επισκοπη — episkopē (from επισκοπεω — episkopeō to inspect (Hebrews 12:15). Clear echo here of Matthew 5:16. [source]
1 Peter 3:9 For hereunto were ye called [εις τουτο]
See note on 1 Peter 2:21 for this verb and use of ινα ευλογιαν κληρονομησητε — eis touto (pointing to the preceding argument).That ye should inherit a blessing (ινα — hina eulogian klēronomēsēte). Purpose clause with κληρονομεω — hina and the first aorist active subjunctive of klēronomeō a plain reference to Esau, who wanted “to inherit the blessing” (Hebrews 12:17) after he had sold his birthright. Christians are the new Israel (both Gentiles and Jews) and are the spiritual descendants of Isaac (Galatians 4:22.). [source]
1 Peter 2:12 That [ινα]
Final conjunction with δοχασωσιν — doxasōsin (they may glorify, first aorist active subjunctive of δοχαζω — doxazō the purpose of the Christians about the Gentiles.Wherein (εν ωι — en hōi). “In what thing.”As evil-doers As they did and do, old word (from κακον — kakon and ποιεω — poieō John 18:30), in N.T. only here and 1 Peter 2:14 in correct text. Heathen talk against us “Out of (as a result of) your good (beautiful) deeds.”Which they behold Present active participle of εποπτευω — epopteuō old verb (from, εποπτης — epoptēs overseer, spectator, 2 Peter 1:16), to be an overseer, to view carefully, in N.T. only here and 1 Peter 3:2.In the day of visitation (εν ημεραι επισκοπης — en hēmerāi episkopēs). From Isaiah 10:33. Cf. its use in Luke 19:44, which see for the word επισκοπη — episkopē (from επισκοπεω — episkopeō to inspect (Hebrews 12:15). Clear echo here of Matthew 5:16. [source]
1 Peter 2:12 As evil-doers [ως κακοποιων]
As they did and do, old word (from κακον — kakon and ποιεω — poieō John 18:30), in N.T. only here and 1 Peter 2:14 in correct text. Heathen talk against us “Out of (as a result of) your good (beautiful) deeds.”Which they behold Present active participle of εποπτευω — epopteuō old verb (from, εποπτης — epoptēs overseer, spectator, 2 Peter 1:16), to be an overseer, to view carefully, in N.T. only here and 1 Peter 3:2.In the day of visitation (εν ημεραι επισκοπης — en hēmerāi episkopēs). From Isaiah 10:33. Cf. its use in Luke 19:44, which see for the word επισκοπη — episkopē (from επισκοπεω — episkopeō to inspect (Hebrews 12:15). Clear echo here of Matthew 5:16. [source]
1 Peter 3:9 Reviling for reviling [λοιδοριαν αντι λοιδοριας]
Allusion to 1 Peter 2:23 (Christ‘s own example).But contrariwise blessing (τουναντιον δε ευλογουντες — tounantion de eulogountes). Adverbial accusative and crasis (το εναντιον — to enantion) of the neuter article and the adjective εναντιος — enantios (εν αντιος — enευλογουντες — antios opposite, Matthew 14:24), “on the contrary.” For ευλογεω — eulogountes (present active participle of ευλογειτε — eulogeō) see Luke 6:28; Romans 12:14 (imperative οτι εις τουτο εκλητητε — eulogeite).For hereunto were ye called See note on 1 Peter 2:21 for this verb and use of ινα ευλογιαν κληρονομησητε — eis touto (pointing to the preceding argument).That ye should inherit a blessing (ινα — hina eulogian klēronomēsēte). Purpose clause with κληρονομεω — hina and the first aorist active subjunctive of klēronomeō a plain reference to Esau, who wanted “to inherit the blessing” (Hebrews 12:17) after he had sold his birthright. Christians are the new Israel (both Gentiles and Jews) and are the spiritual descendants of Isaac (Galatians 4:22.). [source]
1 Peter 3:9 That ye should inherit a blessing [ινα]
Purpose clause with κληρονομεω — hina and the first aorist active subjunctive of klēronomeō a plain reference to Esau, who wanted “to inherit the blessing” (Hebrews 12:17) after he had sold his birthright. Christians are the new Israel (both Gentiles and Jews) and are the spiritual descendants of Isaac (Galatians 4:22.). [source]
1 Peter 3:11 Let him turn away [εκκλινατω]
First aorist active imperative third person singular of εκκλινω — ekklinō where the lxx has εκκλινον — ekklinon (second person singular). Old verb, in N.T. only here, Romans 3:12; Romans 16:17. Peter adapted the passage all through to his own construction and use. So as to ποιησατω — poiēsatō (let him do) for ποιησον — poiēson (do thou), ζητησατω — zētēsatō (let him seek) for ζητησον — zētēson (do thou seek), διωχατω — diōxatō (let him pursue) for διωχον — diōxon (do thou pursue), all first aorist active imperatives (of ποιεω ζητεω διωκω — poieōzēteōdiōkō). See Hebrews 12:14 for “pursuing peace.” If men only did! [source]
1 Peter 5:2 Flock [ποιμνιον]
Old word, likewise from ποιμην — poimēn contraction of ποιμενιον — poimenion (Luke 12:32).Exercising the oversight (επισκοπουντες — episkopountes). Present active participle of επισκοπεω — episkopeō old word (in Hebrews 12:15 alone in N.T.), omitted here by Aleph B.Not by constraint Negative μη — mē because of the imperative. Old adverb from verbal adjective αναγκαστος — anagkastos here alone in N.T.But willingly (αλλα εκουσιως — alla hekousiōs). By contrast. Old adverb, in N.T. only here and Hebrews 10:26.Nor yet for filthy lucre A compound adverb not found elsewhere, but the old adjective αισχροκερδης — aischrokerdēs is in 1 Timothy 3:8; Titus 1:7. See also Titus 1:11 “for the sake of filthy lucre” Clearly the elders received stipends, else there could be no such temptation.But of a ready mind (αλλα προτυμως — alla prothumōs). Old adverb from προτυμος — prothumos (Matthew 26:41), here only in N.T. [source]
1 Peter 5:2 Exercising the oversight [επισκοπουντες]
Present active participle of επισκοπεω — episkopeō old word (in Hebrews 12:15 alone in N.T.), omitted here by Aleph B. [source]
2 Peter 1:4 Might be partakers [γένησθε κοινωνοὶ]
Rev., more correctly, may become, conveying the idea of a growth. See note on κοινωνὸς , partaker, 1 Peter 5:1; and compare Hebrews 12:10. [source]
2 Peter 2:4 Angels when they sinned [αγγελων αμαρτησαντων]
Genitive case after επεισατο — epheisato (first aorist middle indicative of πειδομαι — pheidomai) and anarthrous (so more emphatic, even angels), first aorist active participle of αμαρτανω — hamartanō “having sinned.”Cast them down to hell (ταρταρωσας — tartarōsas). First aorist active participle of ταρταροω — tartaroō late word (from ταρταρος — tartaros old word in Homer, Pindar, lxx Job 40:15; 41:23, Philo, inscriptions, the dark and doleful abode of the wicked dead like the Gehenna of the Jews), found here alone save in a scholion on Homer. Ταρταρος — Tartaros occurs in Enoch 20:2 as the place of punishment of the fallen angels, while Gehenna is for apostate Jews.Committed First aorist active indicative of παραδιδωμι — paradidōmi the very form solemnly used by Paul in Romans 1:21, Romans 1:26, Romans 1:28.To pits of darkness (σειροις ζοπου — seirois zophou). οπος — Zophos (kin to γνοποσ νεπος — gnophosσειραις — nephos) is an old word, blackness, gloom of the nether world in Homer, in N.T. only here, 2 Peter 2:17; Judges 1:13; Hebrews 12:18. The MSS. vary between σειρα — seirais (σειροις — seira chain or rope) and σειρος — seirois (Σειροις — seiros old word for pit, underground granary). εις κρισιν τηρουμενους — Seirois is right (Aleph A B C), dative case of destination.To be reserved unto judgment Present (linear action) passive participle of κολαζομενους τηρειν — tēreō “Kept for judgment.” Cf. 1 Peter 1:4. Aleph A have κρισις — kolazomenous tērein as in 2 Peter 2:9. Note krisis (act of judgment). [source]
2 Peter 2:4 Committed [παρεδωκεν]
First aorist active indicative of παραδιδωμι — paradidōmi the very form solemnly used by Paul in Romans 1:21, Romans 1:26, Romans 1:28.To pits of darkness (σειροις ζοπου — seirois zophou). οπος — Zophos (kin to γνοποσ νεπος — gnophosσειραις — nephos) is an old word, blackness, gloom of the nether world in Homer, in N.T. only here, 2 Peter 2:17; Judges 1:13; Hebrews 12:18. The MSS. vary between σειρα — seirais (σειροις — seira chain or rope) and σειρος — seirois (Σειροις — seiros old word for pit, underground granary). εις κρισιν τηρουμενους — Seirois is right (Aleph A B C), dative case of destination.To be reserved unto judgment Present (linear action) passive participle of κολαζομενους τηρειν — tēreō “Kept for judgment.” Cf. 1 Peter 1:4. Aleph A have κρισις — kolazomenous tērein as in 2 Peter 2:9. Note krisis (act of judgment). [source]
2 Peter 2:4 To pits of darkness [σειροις ζοπου]
οπος — Zophos (kin to γνοποσ νεπος — gnophosσειραις — nephos) is an old word, blackness, gloom of the nether world in Homer, in N.T. only here, 2 Peter 2:17; Judges 1:13; Hebrews 12:18. The MSS. vary between σειρα — seirais εις κρισιν τηρουμενους — Seirois is right (Aleph A B C), dative case of destination. [source]
2 Peter 3:5 Out of water and amidst water [εχ υδατος και δι υδατος]
Out of the primeval watery chaos (Genesis 1:2), but it is not plain what is meant by δι υδατος — di' hudatos which naturally means “by means of water,” though δια — dia with the genitive is used for a condition or state (Hebrews 12:1). The reference may be to Genesis 1:9, the gathering together of the waters. [source]
2 Peter 3:5 Compacted [συνεστωσα]
See Paul‘s συνεστηκεν — sunestēken (Colossians 1:17) “consist.” Second perfect active (intransitive) participle of συνιστημι — sunistēmi feminine singular agreeing with γη — gē (nearest to it) rather than with ουρανοι — ouranoi (subject of ησαν — ēsan imperfect plural). There is no need to make Peter mean the Jewish mystical “seven heavens” because of the plural which was used interchangeably with the singular (Matthew 5:9.).Out of water and amidst water (εχ υδατος και δι υδατος — ex hudatos kai di' hudatos). Out of the primeval watery chaos (Genesis 1:2), but it is not plain what is meant by δι υδατος — di' hudatos which naturally means “by means of water,” though δια — dia with the genitive is used for a condition or state (Hebrews 12:1). The reference may be to Genesis 1:9, the gathering together of the waters.By the word of God Instrumental case λογωι — logōi “by the fiat of God” (Genesis 1:3; Hebrews 11:3 ρηματι τεου — rēmati theou). [source]
1 John 5:18 Toucheth [ἅπτεται]
See on John 20:17, the only other passage in John's writings where the verb occurs. Both this verb and θιγγάνω (Colossians 2:21; Hebrews 11:28; Hebrews 12:20) express a touch which exerts a modifying influence upon the object, though θιγγάνω indicates rather a superficial touch. On ψηλαφάω (Acts 27:27; Hebrews 12:18; 1 John 1:1), see on Luke 24:39. Compare Colossians 2:21. The idea here is layeth not hold of him. [source]
1 John 2:22 But [ει μη]
Except, if not.That denieth that Jesus is the Christ (ο αρνουμενος οτι Ιησους ουκ εστιν ο Χριστος — ho arnoumenos hoti Iēsous ouk estin ho Christos). Common Greek idiom for ουκ — ouk to appear after αρνεομαι — arneomai like redundant μη — mē in Luke 20:27; Hebrews 12:19. The old Latin retains non here as old English did (Shakespeare, Comedy of Errors IV. ii. 7, “He denied you had in him no right”). The Cerinthian Gnostics denied the identity of the man Jesus and Christ (an αεον — aeon they held) like the modern Jesus or Christ controversy.This is the antichrist The one just mentioned, Cerinthus himself in particular.Even he that denieth the Father and the Son (ο αρνουμενος τον πατερα και τον υιον — ho arnoumenos ton patera kai ton huion). This is the inevitable logic of such a rejection of the Son of God. Jesus had himself said this very same thing (John 5:23.). [source]
1 John 2:22 That denieth that Jesus is the Christ [ο αρνουμενος οτι Ιησους ουκ εστιν ο Χριστος]
Common Greek idiom for ουκ — ouk to appear after αρνεομαι — arneomai like redundant μη — mē in Luke 20:27; Hebrews 12:19. The old Latin retains non here as old English did (Shakespeare, Comedy of Errors IV. ii. 7, “He denied you had in him no right”). The Cerinthian Gnostics denied the identity of the man Jesus and Christ (an αεον — aeon they held) like the modern Jesus or Christ controversy. [source]
Jude 1:7 The cities about them [αι περι αυτας πολεις]
These were also included, Admah and Zeboiim (Deuteronomy 29:23; Hosea 11:8). Zoar, the other city, was spared.In like manner (τον ομοιον τροπον — ton homoion tropon). Adverbial accusative (cf. ως — hōs). Like the fallen angels.Having given themselves over to fornication First aorist active participle feminine plural of εκπορνευω — ekporneuō late and rare compound (perfective use of εκ — ek outside the moral law), only here in N.T., but in lxx (Gen 38:24; Exod 34:15f., etc.). Cf. ασελγειαν — aselgeian in Judges 1:4.Strange flesh (σαρκος ετερας — sarkos heteras). Horrible licentiousness, not simply with women not their wives or in other nations, but even unnatural uses (Romans 1:27) for which the very word “sodomy” is used (Genesis 19:4-11). The pronoun ετερας — heteras (other, strange) is not in 2 Peter 2:10.Are set forth Present middle indicative of προκειμαι — prokeimai old verb, to lie before, as in Hebrews 12:1.As an example (δειγμα — deigma). Predicate nominative of δειγμα — deigma old word (from δεικνυμι — deiknumi to show), here only in N.T., sample, specimen. 2 Peter 2:6 has υποδειγμα — hupodeigma (pattern).Suffering Present active participle of υπεχω — hupechō old compound, to hold under, often with δικην — dikēn (right, justice, sentence 2 Thessalonians 1:9) to suffer sentence (punishment), here only in N.T.Of eternal fire (πυρος αιωνιου — puros aiōniou). Like δεσμοις αιδιοις — desmois aidiois in Judges 1:7. Cf. the hell of fire (Matthew 5:22) and also Matthew 25:46. Jude has no mention of Lot. [source]
Jude 1:7 Having given themselves over to fornication [εκπορνευσασαι]
First aorist active participle feminine plural of εκπορνευω — ekporneuō late and rare compound (perfective use of εκ — ek outside the moral law), only here in N.T., but in lxx (Gen 38:24; Exod 34:15f., etc.). Cf. ασελγειαν — aselgeian in Judges 1:4.Strange flesh (σαρκος ετερας — sarkos heteras). Horrible licentiousness, not simply with women not their wives or in other nations, but even unnatural uses (Romans 1:27) for which the very word “sodomy” is used (Genesis 19:4-11). The pronoun ετερας — heteras (other, strange) is not in 2 Peter 2:10.Are set forth Present middle indicative of προκειμαι — prokeimai old verb, to lie before, as in Hebrews 12:1.As an example (δειγμα — deigma). Predicate nominative of δειγμα — deigma old word (from δεικνυμι — deiknumi to show), here only in N.T., sample, specimen. 2 Peter 2:6 has υποδειγμα — hupodeigma (pattern).Suffering Present active participle of υπεχω — hupechō old compound, to hold under, often with δικην — dikēn (right, justice, sentence 2 Thessalonians 1:9) to suffer sentence (punishment), here only in N.T.Of eternal fire (πυρος αιωνιου — puros aiōniou). Like δεσμοις αιδιοις — desmois aidiois in Judges 1:7. Cf. the hell of fire (Matthew 5:22) and also Matthew 25:46. Jude has no mention of Lot. [source]
Jude 1:7 Are set forth [προκεινται]
Present middle indicative of προκειμαι — prokeimai old verb, to lie before, as in Hebrews 12:1.As an example (δειγμα — deigma). Predicate nominative of δειγμα — deigma old word (from δεικνυμι — deiknumi to show), here only in N.T., sample, specimen. 2 Peter 2:6 has υποδειγμα — hupodeigma (pattern).Suffering Present active participle of υπεχω — hupechō old compound, to hold under, often with δικην — dikēn (right, justice, sentence 2 Thessalonians 1:9) to suffer sentence (punishment), here only in N.T.Of eternal fire (πυρος αιωνιου — puros aiōniou). Like δεσμοις αιδιοις — desmois aidiois in Judges 1:7. Cf. the hell of fire (Matthew 5:22) and also Matthew 25:46. Jude has no mention of Lot. [source]
Revelation 2:24 Other burden [ἄλλο βάτος]
The words for burden in the New Testament are ὄγκος (only in Hebrews 12:1), βάρος (Matthew 20:12; Galatians 6:2), and φορτίον (Matthew 11:30; Matthew 23:4; Galatians 6:5). ὄγκος refers to bulk, βάρος to weight, φορτίον to a burden so far as it is born ( φέρω ). Thus in Hebrews 12:1, “lay aside every weight ( ὄγκος ),” the figure being that of runners in the race-course, and the word appropriate as denoting the bulky robes and the accoutrements of the ordinary dress which might impede the freedom of the limbs. In Matthew 20:12, “the burden ( βάρος ) and heat of the day,” the idea is that of heavy toil pressing like a weight. So Galatians 6:2, “Bear ye one another's burdens.” But in Galatians 6:5, the emphasis is on the act of bearing; and therefore φορτίον is used: “Every man shall bear his own burden;” i.e., every man shall carry that which it is appointed him to bear. The reference in that passage is probably to the prohibition enjoined by the apostolic council of Jerusalem, which concerned the very things which are rebuked here - fornication and abstinence from idol-meats. In the narrative of that council the phrase occurs “to lay upon you no greater burden ” (Acts 15:28). The meaning accordingly will be, “I put upon you no other burden than abstinence from and protest against these abominations.” [source]
Revelation 2:24 None other burden [ουαλλο βαρος]
πορτιον — Baros refers to weight (Matthew 20:12), περω — phortion from ογκος — pherō to bear, refers to load (Galatians 6:5), βαρος — ogkos to bulk (Hebrews 12:1). Apparently a reference to the decision of the Jerusalem Conference (Acts 15:28) where the very word baros is used and mention is made about the two items in Revelation 2:20 (fornication and idolatry) without mentioning the others about things strangled, etc. See the Pharisaic narrowness in Matthew 23:4. [source]
Revelation 3:10 From the hour of trial [εκ της ωρας του πειρασμου]
This use of εκ — ek after τηρεω — tēreō in John 17:15, απο — apo in James 1:27. Trial brings temptation often (James 1:2, James 1:13). Jesus endured (Hebrews 12:1.) and he will help them. There is still a church in Philadelphia in spite of the Turks. [source]
Revelation 2:24 As many as [οσοι]
Inclusive of all “the rest.”This teaching (την διδαχην ταυτην — tēn didachēn tautēn). That of Jezebel.Which “Which very ones,” generic of the class, explanatory definition as in Revelation 1:7.Know not (ουκ εγνωσαν — ouk egnōsan). Second aorist (ingressive) active of γινωσκω — ginōskō “did not come to know by experience.”The deep things of Satan The Ophites (worshippers of the serpent) and other later Gnostics (Cainites, Carpocratians, Naassenes) boasted of their knowledge of “the deep things,” some claiming this very language about Satan (the serpent) as Paul did of God (1 Corinthians 2:10). It is not clear whether the words here quoted are a boast of the Nicolaitans or a reproach on the other Christians for not knowing the depths of sin. Some even claimed that they could indulge in immorality without sinning (1 John 1:10; 1 John 3:10). Perhaps both ideas are involved.As they say (ως λεγουσιν — hōs legousin). Probably referring to the heretics who ridicule the piety of the other Christians.None other burden πορτιον — Baros refers to weight (Matthew 20:12), περω — phortion from ογκος — pherō to bear, refers to load (Galatians 6:5), βαρος — ogkos to bulk (Hebrews 12:1). Apparently a reference to the decision of the Jerusalem Conference (Acts 15:28) where the very word baros is used and mention is made about the two items in Revelation 2:20 (fornication and idolatry) without mentioning the others about things strangled, etc. See the Pharisaic narrowness in Matthew 23:4. [source]
Revelation 2:24 Which [οιτινες]
“Which very ones,” generic of the class, explanatory definition as in Revelation 1:7.Know not (ουκ εγνωσαν — ouk egnōsan). Second aorist (ingressive) active of γινωσκω — ginōskō “did not come to know by experience.”The deep things of Satan The Ophites (worshippers of the serpent) and other later Gnostics (Cainites, Carpocratians, Naassenes) boasted of their knowledge of “the deep things,” some claiming this very language about Satan (the serpent) as Paul did of God (1 Corinthians 2:10). It is not clear whether the words here quoted are a boast of the Nicolaitans or a reproach on the other Christians for not knowing the depths of sin. Some even claimed that they could indulge in immorality without sinning (1 John 1:10; 1 John 3:10). Perhaps both ideas are involved.As they say (ως λεγουσιν — hōs legousin). Probably referring to the heretics who ridicule the piety of the other Christians.None other burden πορτιον — Baros refers to weight (Matthew 20:12), περω — phortion from ογκος — pherō to bear, refers to load (Galatians 6:5), βαρος — ogkos to bulk (Hebrews 12:1). Apparently a reference to the decision of the Jerusalem Conference (Acts 15:28) where the very word baros is used and mention is made about the two items in Revelation 2:20 (fornication and idolatry) without mentioning the others about things strangled, etc. See the Pharisaic narrowness in Matthew 23:4. [source]
Revelation 2:24 The deep things of Satan [τα βατεα του Σατανα]
The Ophites (worshippers of the serpent) and other later Gnostics (Cainites, Carpocratians, Naassenes) boasted of their knowledge of “the deep things,” some claiming this very language about Satan (the serpent) as Paul did of God (1 Corinthians 2:10). It is not clear whether the words here quoted are a boast of the Nicolaitans or a reproach on the other Christians for not knowing the depths of sin. Some even claimed that they could indulge in immorality without sinning (1 John 1:10; 1 John 3:10). Perhaps both ideas are involved.As they say (ως λεγουσιν — hōs legousin). Probably referring to the heretics who ridicule the piety of the other Christians.None other burden πορτιον — Baros refers to weight (Matthew 20:12), περω — phortion from ογκος — pherō to bear, refers to load (Galatians 6:5), βαρος — ogkos to bulk (Hebrews 12:1). Apparently a reference to the decision of the Jerusalem Conference (Acts 15:28) where the very word baros is used and mention is made about the two items in Revelation 2:20 (fornication and idolatry) without mentioning the others about things strangled, etc. See the Pharisaic narrowness in Matthew 23:4. [source]
Revelation 22:4 They shall see his face [οπσονται το προσωπον αυτου]
Future active of οραω — horaō This vision of God was withheld from Moses (Exodus 33:20, Exodus 33:23), but promised by Jesus to the pure in heart (Matthew 5:8) and mentioned in Hebrews 12:14 as possible only to the holy, and promised in Psalm 17:15. Even here on earth we can see God in the face of Christ (2 Corinthians 4:6), but now in the New Jerusalem we can see Christ face to face (1 Corinthians 13:12), even as he is after we are made really like him (2 Corinthians 3:18; Romans 8:29; 1 John 3:2). It is anthropomorphic language, to be sure, but it touches the essential reality of religion. “The supreme felicity is reached, immediate presence with God and the Lamb” (Beckwith). [source]
Revelation 3:10 Thou didst keep [ετηρησας]
Aorist active indicative and future active corresponding to each other. For a like play on the tenses of this verb by Christ see John 17:6 This use of εκ — ek after τηρεω — tēreō in John 17:15, απο — apo in James 1:27. Trial brings temptation often (James 1:2, James 1:13). Jesus endured (Hebrews 12:1.) and he will help them. There is still a church in Philadelphia in spite of the Turks.Which is to come Agreeing with ωρας — hōras (feminine), not with πειρασμου — peirasmou (masculine).Upon the whole world (επι της εποικουμενης ολης — epi tēs epoikoumenēs holēs). The inhabited earth (γης — gēs) as in Revelation 12:9; Luke 2:1; Acts 16:6, etc.), not the physical earth, but the world of men as explained by the next clause.To try First aorist active infinitive of purpose from πειραζω — peirazō probably to tempt (cf. the demons in 9:1-21), not merely to afflict (Revelation 2:10).That dwell upon the earth (τους κατοικουντας επι της γης — tous katoikountas epi tēs gēs). Present active articular participle of κατοικεω — katoikeō explaining “the whole world” just before. [source]
Revelation 3:10 - I also will keep [καγω τηρησω]
Aorist active indicative and future active corresponding to each other. For a like play on the tenses of this verb by Christ see John 17:6 This use of εκ — ek after τηρεω — tēreō in John 17:15, απο — apo in James 1:27. Trial brings temptation often (James 1:2, James 1:13). Jesus endured (Hebrews 12:1.) and he will help them. There is still a church in Philadelphia in spite of the Turks.Which is to come Agreeing with ωρας — hōras (feminine), not with πειρασμου — peirasmou (masculine).Upon the whole world (επι της εποικουμενης ολης — epi tēs epoikoumenēs holēs). The inhabited earth (γης — gēs) as in Revelation 12:9; Luke 2:1; Acts 16:6, etc.), not the physical earth, but the world of men as explained by the next clause.To try First aorist active infinitive of purpose from πειραζω — peirazō probably to tempt (cf. the demons in 9:1-21), not merely to afflict (Revelation 2:10).That dwell upon the earth (τους κατοικουντας επι της γης — tous katoikountas epi tēs gēs). Present active articular participle of κατοικεω — katoikeō explaining “the whole world” just before. [source]

What do the individual words in Hebrews 12:1 mean?

Therefore also we such a great having encompassing us a cloud of witnesses weight having laid aside every and the easily entangling sin with endurance should run the lying before race
Τοιγαροῦν καὶ ἡμεῖς τοσοῦτον ἔχοντες περικείμενον ἡμῖν νέφος μαρτύρων ὄγκον ἀποθέμενοι πάντα καὶ τὴν εὐπερίστατον ἁμαρτίαν δι’ ὑπομονῆς τρέχωμεν τὸν προκείμενον ἀγῶνα

καὶ  also 
Parse: Conjunction
Root: καί  
Sense: and, also, even, indeed, but.
τοσοῦτον  such  a  great 
Parse: Demonstrative Pronoun, Accusative Neuter Singular
Root: τοσοῦτος  
Sense: of quantity: so great, so many.
περικείμενον  encompassing 
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Accusative Neuter Singular
Root: περίκειμαι  
Sense: to lie around.
ἡμῖν  us 
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Dative 1st Person Plural
Root: ἐγώ  
Sense: I, me, my.
νέφος  a  cloud 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Singular
Root: νέφος  
Sense: a cloud, a large dense multitude, a throng.
μαρτύρων  of  witnesses 
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Plural
Root: μάρτυς 
Sense: a witness.
ὄγκον  weight 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular
Root: ὄγκος  
Sense: whatever is prominent, protuberance, bulk, mass.
ἀποθέμενοι  having  laid  aside 
Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Middle, Nominative Masculine Plural
Root: ἀποτίθημι  
Sense: to put off or aside or away.
πάντα  every 
Parse: Adjective, Accusative Masculine Singular
Root: πᾶς  
Sense: individually.
εὐπερίστατον  easily  entangling 
Parse: Adjective, Accusative Feminine Singular
Root: εὐπερίσπαστος 
Sense: skilfully surrounding i.
ἁμαρτίαν  sin 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular
Root: ἁμαρτία  
Sense: equivalent to 264.
ὑπομονῆς  endurance 
Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular
Root: ὑπομονή  
Sense: steadfastness, constancy, endurance.
τρέχωμεν  should  run 
Parse: Verb, Present Subjunctive Active, 1st Person Plural
Root: τρέχω  
Sense: to run.
προκείμενον  lying  before 
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Accusative Masculine Singular
Root: πρόκειμαι  
Sense: to lie or be placed before (a person or a thing) or in front of.
ἀγῶνα  race 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular
Root: ἀγών  
Sense: an assembly,.