KJV: Who through faith subdued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions,
YLT: who through faith did subdue kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained promises, stopped mouths of lions,
Darby: who by faith overcame kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained promises, stopped lions' mouths,
ASV: who through faith subdued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions,
| πίστεως | faith |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: πίστις Sense: conviction of the truth of anything, belief; in the NT of a conviction or belief respecting man’s relationship to God and divine things, generally with the included idea of trust and holy fervour born of faith and joined with it. |
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| κατηγωνίσαντο | conquered |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Middle, 3rd Person Plural Root: καταγωνίζομαι Sense: to struggle against. |
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| βασιλείας | kingdoms |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Plural Root: βασιλεία Sense: royal power, kingship, dominion, rule. |
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| εἰργάσαντο | administered |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Middle, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἐργάζομαι Sense: to work, labour, do work. |
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| δικαιοσύνην | justice |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: δικαιοσύνη Sense: in a broad sense: state of him who is as he ought to be, righteousness, the condition acceptable to God. |
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| ἐπέτυχον | obtained |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἐπιτυγχάνω Sense: to light or hit upon any person or thing. |
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| ἐπαγγελιῶν | promises |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Plural Root: ἐπαγγελία Sense: announcement. |
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| ἔφραξαν | shut |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: φράσσω Sense: to fence in, block up, stop up, close up. |
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| στόματα | [the] mouths |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Neuter Plural Root: στόμα Sense: the mouth, as part of the body: of man, of animals, of fish, etc. |
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| λεόντων | of lions |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: λέων Sense: a lion. |
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Greek Commentary for Hebrews 11:33
Change thus from the routine πιστει pistei used so far. Subdued kingdoms First aorist middle indicative of καταγωνιζομαι katagōnizomai Koiné verb to struggle against, to overcome, here alone in the N.T. Used by Josephus of David‘s conquests. The author has here (Hebrews 11:33, Hebrews 11:34), “nine terse clauses” (Moffatt) with no connective (asyndeton) with great rhetorical and oratorical force (sledge-hammer style). For “wrought righteousness” Second aorist active indicative of επιτυγχανω epitugchanō old verb (already in Hebrews 6:15) with genitive. But they did not see the fulfilment of the Messianic promise (Hebrews 11:39.). Stopped the mouths of lions First aorist active indicative of πρασσω phrassō old verb to fence in, to block up. See Daniel 6:18-23. [source]
This formula is now substituted for the instrumental dative πίστει byfaith. The reason for the change cannot perhaps be accurately formulated, but will be appreciated by one who feels the Greek idioms as better suiting the more general illustrations which follow. [source]
The verb N.T.oolxx, signifies fought down; overcame by struggle, as Barak, Judges 7; Jephthah, Judges 11; David, 2 Samuel 5. [source]
For the phrase comp. Acts href="/desk/?q=ac+10:35&sr=1">Acts 10:35. Referring not merely to their personal virtues, but to the public exercise of these as leaders, as 2 Samuel 8:15; 1 Chronicles 18:14; 1 Samuel 12:4. Faith showed itself in the association of righteousness with power. Comp. Isaiah 9:7; Isaiah 54:14; 1 Kings 10:9. [source]
See on Hebrews 6:15. [source]
The verb means to fence in; block up. Rare in N.T. See Romans 3:19; 2 Corinthians 11:10, and comp. φραγμός afence, Matthew 21:33; Ephesians 2:14. Occasionally in lxx, as Job 38:8; Proverbs 21:13; Zechariah 14:5. The reference is no doubt to Daniel, Daniel 6:22; comp. 1 Maccabees 2:60. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Hebrews 11:33
Late word, here alone in N.T. The lxx (Bel and the Dragon 31) has it for those thrown daily to the lions. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (A.R. vii. 35) uses it of those thrown from the Tarpeian Rock. The gladiators would say morituri salutamus. All this in violent contrast to the kingly Messianic pretensions of the Corinthians. A spectacle (τεατρον theatron). Cf. Hebrews 11:33-40. The word, like our theatre, means the place of the show (Acts 19:29, Acts 19:31). Then, it means the spectacle shown there (τεαμα theama or τεα thea), and, as here, the man exhibited as the show like the verb τεατριζομενοι theatrizomenoi made a spectacle (Hebrews 10:33). Sometimes it refers to the spectators (τεαται theatai) like our “house” for the audience. Here the spectators include “the world, both to angels and men” (τωι κοσμωι και αγγελοις και αντρωποις tōi kosmōi kai aggelois kai anthrōpois), dative case of personal interest. [source]
Cf. Hebrews 11:33-40. The word, like our theatre, means the place of the show (Acts 19:29, Acts 19:31). Then, it means the spectacle shown there Sometimes it refers to the spectators (τεαται theatai) like our “house” for the audience. Here the spectators include “the world, both to angels and men” (τωι κοσμωι και αγγελοις και αντρωποις tōi kosmōi kai aggelois kai anthrōpois), dative case of personal interest. [source]
Lit., this boasting shall not be blocked up as regards me. The boasting is that of preaching gratuitously. For the verb, compare Romans 3:19; Hebrews 11:33. [source]
Change thus from the routine πιστει pistei used so far. Subdued kingdoms First aorist middle indicative of καταγωνιζομαι katagōnizomai Koiné verb to struggle against, to overcome, here alone in the N.T. Used by Josephus of David‘s conquests. The author has here (Hebrews 11:33, Hebrews 11:34), “nine terse clauses” (Moffatt) with no connective (asyndeton) with great rhetorical and oratorical force (sledge-hammer style). For “wrought righteousness” Second aorist active indicative of επιτυγχανω epitugchanō old verb (already in Hebrews 6:15) with genitive. But they did not see the fulfilment of the Messianic promise (Hebrews 11:39.). Stopped the mouths of lions First aorist active indicative of πρασσω phrassō old verb to fence in, to block up. See Daniel 6:18-23. [source]
The whole list in verses 5-38. Cf. Hebrews 11:13. Through their faith Here rather than πιστει pistei as so often. Received not the promise First aorist middle of κομιζω komizō The Messianic promise they did not live to see (Hebrews 11:13), though they had individual special promises fulfilled as already shown (Hebrews 11:33). [source]
Triple compound inferential participle We as well as “these all” of Hebrews 11:39 and all the more because of the “something better” given us in the actual coming of Christ. Compassed about (εχω echontes perikeimenon). Literally, “having (περικειμενον echontes present active participle of περικειμαι echō) lying around us” (νεπος μαρτυρων perikeimenon present middle participle of Νεπελη perikeimai old verb as in Luke 17:2). Cloud of witnesses (μαρτυρες nephos marturōn). Old word (Latin nubes), here only in the N.T., for vast mass of clouds. τεαται Nephelē is a single cloud. The metaphor refers to the great amphitheatre with the arena for the runners and the tiers upon tiers of seats rising up like a cloud. The αποτεμενοι martures here are not mere spectators (αποτιτημι theatai), but testifiers (witnesses) who testify from their own experience (Hebrews 11:2, Hebrews 11:4, Hebrews 11:5, Hebrews 11:33, Hebrews 11:39) to God‘s fulfilling his promises as shown in chapter Heb 11. Laying aside (ογκον παντα apothemenoi). Second aorist-middle (indirect, from ourselves) participle of ενεγκειν περω apotithēmi old verb as in Colossians 3:8 (laying off old clothes). The runners ran in the stadium nearly naked. Every weight (πορτοσ βαρος ogkon panta). Old word (kin to την ευπεριστατον αμαρτιαν enegkein class="normal greek">ευ pherō) like περιιστημι phortos class="normal greek">τρεχωμεν baros Here every encumbrance that handicaps like doubt, pride, sloth, anything. No trailing garment to hinder or trip one. The sin which doth so easily beset us (τρεχω tēn euperistaton hamartian). “The easily besetting sin.” There are a dozen possible renderings of this double compound verbal from δι υπομονης eu well, and τον προκειμενον ημιν αγωνα periistēmi to place around or to stand around (intransitive). The Vulgate has circumstans nos peccatum (the sin standing around us). Probably this is the true idea here, “the easily encompassing (or surrounding) sin.” In this case apostasy from Christ was that sin. In our cases it may be some other sin. The verbal adjective reminds one of the ring of wild beasts in the jungle that encircle the camp-fire at night each ready to pounce upon a careless victim. Let us run (προκειμαι trechōmen). Present active volitive subjunctive of ημιν trechō “let us keep on running.” With patience (di' hupomonēs). Not with impatience, doubt, or despair. The race that is set before us (ton prokeimenon hēmin agōna). Note the article and the present middle participle of prokeimai old compound (already in Hebrews 6:18, and also in Hebrews 12:2). Dative case (hēmin) of personal interest. [source]
Lit., “work sin.” Compare Matthew 7:23; Acts 10:35; Hebrews 11:33. The phrase is rather stronger than the more common ἁμαρτίαν ποιεῖν , to do sin John 8:34; James 5:15; 1 Peter 2:22. The position of sin is emphatic: “it is sin that ye are working.” [source]