The Meaning of Genesis 49:23 Explained

Genesis 49:23

KJV: The archers have sorely grieved him, and shot at him, and hated him:

YLT: And embitter him -- yea, they have striven, Yea, hate him do archers;

Darby: The archers have provoked him, And shot at, and hated him;

ASV: The archers have sorely grieved him, And shot at him, and persecute him:

KJV Reverse Interlinear

The archers  have sorely grieved him,  and shot  [at him], and hated him: 

What does Genesis 49:23 Mean?

Context Summary

Genesis 49:13-27 - Joseph Specially Blessed
The position of Zebulun and the following tribes in the land of promise is accurately foretold. Compare the allotments of Joshua 18:1-28. Notice the exclamation of the dying man in Genesis 49:18. Such a spirit of waiting cannot be disappointed. See Isaiah 26:8-9. Joseph's blessing is pre-eminently beautiful: Fruitful! This is mentioned twice, reminding us of John 15:8. But fruitfulness is only possible where there is the wall for separation, and the well for communion. When these are present, the branches droop over the wall with clusters of blessings to a thirsty world. Let us seek divine strength and ask that the mighty hands of the God of Jacob may be placed under our own poor weak hands! See Psalms 141:1. The separated life is the crowned life. To the heart of the dying man came the memory of his native land and its mountains. What mountains are to a country, God is to His people! [source]

Chapter Summary: Genesis 49

1  Jacob calls his sons to bless them
3  Their blessing in particular
29  He charges them about his burial
33  He dies

What do the individual words in Genesis 49:23 mean?

And have bitterly grieved him and shot and hated him the owners of arrows
וַֽיְמָרֲרֻ֖הוּ וָרֹ֑בּוּ וַֽיִּשְׂטְמֻ֖הוּ בַּעֲלֵ֥י חִצִּֽים

וַֽיְמָרֲרֻ֖הוּ  And  have  bitterly  grieved  him 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Piel, Consecutive imperfect, third person masculine plural, third person masculine singular
Root: מָרַר  
Sense: to be bitter.
וָרֹ֑בּוּ  and  shot 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Conjunctive perfect, third person common plural
Root: רָבַב  
Sense: (Qal) to shoot.
וַֽיִּשְׂטְמֻ֖הוּ  and  hated  him 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Consecutive imperfect, third person masculine plural, third person masculine singular
Root: שָׂטַם  
Sense: to hate, oppose oneself to, bear a grudge, retain animosity against, cherish animosity against.
בַּעֲלֵ֥י  the  owners 
Parse: Noun, masculine plural construct
Root: בָּעַל 
Sense: owner, husband, lord.
חִצִּֽים  of  arrows 
Parse: Noun, masculine plural
Root: חֵץ  
Sense: arrow.