The Meaning of Deuteronomy 21:16 Explained

Deuteronomy 21:16

KJV: Then it shall be, when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath, that he may not make the son of the beloved firstborn before the son of the hated, which is indeed the firstborn:

YLT: then it hath been, in the day of his causing his sons to inherit that which he hath, he is not able to declare first-born the son of the loved one, in the face of the son of the hated one -- the first-born.

Darby: then it shall be, in the day that he maketh his sons to inherit what he hath, that he may not make the son of the beloved firstborn before the son of the hated, who is the firstborn;

ASV: then it shall be, in the day that he causeth his sons to inherit that which he hath, that he may not make the son of the beloved the first-born before the son of the hated, who is the first-born:

KJV Reverse Interlinear

Then it shall be, when  he maketh his sons  to inherit  [that] which he hath, [that] he may  not make the son  of the beloved  firstborn  before  the son  of the hated,  [which is indeed] the firstborn: 

What does Deuteronomy 21:16 Mean?

Chapter Summary: Deuteronomy 21

1  The Atonement for an Unsolved Murder
10  The usage of a captive taken to wife
15  The firstborn is not to be disinherited upon private affection
18  A rebellious son is to be stoned to death
22  The malefactor must not hang all night on a tree

What do the individual words in Deuteronomy 21:16 mean?

then it shall be on the day he bequeaths his possessions - to his sons - [that] has he not must bestow firstborn status on The son of the loved wife upon the face of the son of the unloved the [true] firstborn
וְהָיָ֗ה בְּיוֹם֙ הַנְחִיל֣וֹ אֶת־ בָּנָ֔יו אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־ יִהְיֶ֖ה ל֑וֹ לֹ֣א יוּכַ֗ל לְבַכֵּר֙ בֶּן־ הָ֣אֲהוּבָ֔ה עַל־ פְּנֵ֥י בֶן־ הַשְּׂנוּאָ֖ה הַבְּכֹֽר

וְהָיָ֗ה  then  it  shall  be 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Conjunctive perfect, third person masculine singular
Root: אֶהְיֶה 
Sense: to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out.
בְּיוֹם֙  on  the  day 
Parse: Preposition-b, Noun, masculine singular
Root: יׄום 
Sense: day, time, year.
הַנְחִיל֣וֹ  he  bequeaths  his  possessions 
Parse: Verb, Hifil, Infinitive construct, third person masculine singular
Root: נָחַל  
Sense: to get as a possession, acquire, inherit, possess.
אֶת־  - 
Parse: Direct object marker
Root: אֹות 
Sense: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative.
בָּנָ֔יו  to  his  sons 
Parse: Noun, masculine plural construct, third person masculine singular
Root: בֵּן 
Sense: son, grandson, child, member of a group.
אֵ֥ת  - 
Parse: Direct object marker
Root: אֹות 
Sense: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative.
אֲשֶׁר־  [that] 
Parse: Pronoun, relative
Root: אֲשֶׁר 
Sense: (relative part.).
יוּכַ֗ל  must  bestow 
Parse: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, third person masculine singular
Root: יָכֹל  
Sense: to prevail, overcome, endure, have power, be able.
לְבַכֵּר֙  firstborn  status  on 
Parse: Preposition-l, Verb, Piel, Infinitive construct
Root: בְּכֹר  
Sense: firstborn, firstling.
בֶּן־  The  son 
Parse: Noun, masculine singular construct
Root: בֵּן 
Sense: son, grandson, child, member of a group.
הָ֣אֲהוּבָ֔ה  of  the  loved  wife 
Parse: Article, Verb, Qal, QalPassParticiple, feminine singular
Root: אָהַב  
Sense: to love.
עַל־  upon 
Parse: Preposition
Root: עַל 
Sense: upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against.
פְּנֵ֥י  the  face  of 
Parse: Noun, common plural construct
Root: לִפְנֵי 
Sense: face.
בֶן־  the  son 
Parse: Noun, masculine singular construct
Root: בֵּן 
Sense: son, grandson, child, member of a group.
הַשְּׂנוּאָ֖ה  of  the  unloved 
Parse: Article, Verb, Qal, QalPassParticiple, feminine singular
Root: שָׂנֵא  
Sense: to hate, be hateful.
הַבְּכֹֽר  the  [true]  firstborn 
Parse: Article, Noun, masculine singular
Root: בְּכֹר  
Sense: firstborn, firstling.