The Meaning of Acts 7:23 Explained

Acts 7:23

KJV: And when he was full forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brethren the children of Israel.

YLT: 'And when forty years were fulfilled to him, it came upon his heart to look after his brethren, the sons of Israel;

Darby: And when a period of forty years was fulfilled to him, it came into his heart to look upon his brethren, the sons of Israel;

ASV: But when he was well-nigh forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brethren the children of Israel.

KJV Reverse Interlinear

And  when  he  was full  forty years  old,  it came  into  his  heart  to visit  his  brethren  the children  of Israel. 

What does Acts 7:23 Mean?

Context Summary

Acts 7:14-29 - Stephen's Defense: The Deliverer From Bondage
Moses, we are here told, was "mighty in words;" that is, in eloquence as well as in deeds. This confirms the statement of the Jewish historian, Josephus, that in the earlier part of his career, now lost in the oblivion of history, Moses led a very successful Egyptian expedition against Ethiopia. He complains to the Lord, in Exodus 4:10, of being slow of speech, but that probably refers to the habit of long disuse amid the silence and loneliness of the desert.
It is clear that, stung by the sense of wrong, Moses at first interfered with his own right arm to deliver his people. He smote the Egyptian, and essayed to judge between his brethren. God had to bring him into the dust by repeated failure and rejection that he might become an emptied and a broken vessel. God will not give glory to man. The treasure must be held in an earthen vessel, 2 Corinthians 4:7. It is when we come to the end of ourselves that we arrive at the beginning of God. The world has ever to learn what God can do by those who are wholly emptied of self-confidence but yielded to His hand. [source]

Chapter Summary: Acts 7

1  Stephen, permitted to answer to the accusation of blasphemy,
2  shows that Abraham worshipped God rightly, and how God chose the fathers,
20  before Moses was born, and before the tabernacle and temple were built;
37  that Moses himself witnessed of Christ;
44  and that all outward ceremonies were ordained to last but for a time;
51  reprehending their rebellion, and murdering of Christ, whom the prophets foretold
54  Whereupon they stone Stephen to death,
59  who commends his soul to Jesus, and humbly prays for them

Greek Commentary for Acts 7:23

When he was well-nigh forty years old [ως επληρουτο αυτωι τεσσαρακονταετης χρονος]
A rather awkward Greek idiom for the English: “When a forty year old time (same idiom in Acts 13:18 and only twice in the N.T.) was being fulfilled (επληρουτο — eplērouto imperfect passive) for him (dative case).” The life of Moses is divided into three periods of forty years each (in Egypt 40 years, in Midian 40, governed Israel 40, 120 when he died, Deuteronomy 34:7). [source]
It came into his heart [ανεβη επι την καρδιαν αυτου]
Second aorist active indicative of αναβαινω — anabainō common verb. Came up as if from the lower deeps of his nature. This Hebrew image occurs in Jeremiah 3:16; Isaiah 65:17; 1 Corinthians 2:9. To visit (επισκεπσασται — episkepsasthai). First aorist middle infinitive of επισκεπτομαι — episkeptomai old verb to go to see for oneself, with his own eyes, to help if possible. Used of God visiting his people (Luke 7:16). Our “visit” is from Latin video, to see, visito, to go to see. During the Welsh mining troubles the Prince of Wales made a sympathetic visit to see for himself the actual condition of the coal miners. Moses desired to know first hand how his kinsmen were faring. [source]
To visit [επισκεπσασται]
First aorist middle infinitive of επισκεπτομαι — episkeptomai old verb to go to see for oneself, with his own eyes, to help if possible. Used of God visiting his people (Luke 7:16). Our “visit” is from Latin video, to see, visito, to go to see. During the Welsh mining troubles the Prince of Wales made a sympathetic visit to see for himself the actual condition of the coal miners. Moses desired to know first hand how his kinsmen were faring. [source]
It came into his heart [ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν]
Lit., “it arose into his heart.” “There may be something in the depth of the soul which afterward emerges and ascends from that sea into the heart as into an island” (Bengel). The expression is imitated from the Hebrew, and occurs in the Septuagint: “The ark shall not come to mind; ” lit., go up into the heart (Jeremiah 3:16). See, also, Jeremiah 32:35; Isaiah 65:17. [source]

Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Acts 7:23

1 Corinthians 2:9 Have entered [ἀνέβη]
Lit., went up. See on Acts 7:23. Compare Daniel 2:29, Sept. [source]

What do the individual words in Acts 7:23 mean?

When then was fulfilled to him of forty years a period it came into the mind of him to visit the brothers sons of Israel
Ὡς δὲ ἐπληροῦτο αὐτῷ τεσσερακονταέτης χρόνος ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ ἐπισκέψασθαι τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς υἱοὺς Ἰσραήλ

ἐπληροῦτο  was  fulfilled 
Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Middle or Passive, 3rd Person Singular
Root: πληρόω  
Sense: to make full, to fill up, i.e. to fill to the full.
αὐτῷ  to  him 
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Dative Masculine 3rd Person Singular
Root: αὐτός  
Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself.
τεσσερακονταέτης  of  forty  years 
Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Singular
Root: τεσσαρακονταετής 
Sense: of forty years, forty years old.
χρόνος  a  period 
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular
Root: χρόνος  
Sense: time either long or short.
ἀνέβη  it  came 
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular
Root: ἀναβαίνω  
Sense: ascend.
ἐπὶ  into 
Parse: Preposition
Root: ἐπί  
Sense: upon, on, at, by, before.
καρδίαν  mind 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular
Root: καρδία  
Sense: the heart.
αὐτοῦ  of  him 
Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular
Root: αὐτός  
Sense: himself, herself, themselves, itself.
ἐπισκέψασθαι  to  visit 
Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Middle
Root: ἐπισκέπτομαι  
Sense: to look upon or after, to inspect, examine with the eyes.
ἀδελφοὺς  brothers 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Plural
Root: ἀδελφός  
Sense: a brother, whether born of the same two parents or only of the same father or mother.
υἱοὺς  sons 
Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Plural
Root: υἱός  
Sense: a son.
Ἰσραήλ  of  Israel 
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular
Root: Ἰσραήλ  
Sense: the name given to the patriarch Jacob (and borne by him in addition to his former name).