KJV: And when it was day, certain of the Jews banded together, and bound themselves under a curse, saying that they would neither eat nor drink till they had killed Paul.
YLT: And day having come, certain of the Jews having made a concourse, did anathematize themselves, saying neither to eat nor to drink till they may kill Paul;
Darby: And when it was day, the Jews, having banded together, put themselves under a curse, saying that they would neither eat nor drink till they should kill Paul.
ASV: And when it was day, the Jews banded together, and bound themselves under a curse, saying that they would neither eat nor drink till they had killed Paul.
| Γενομένης | When it was |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Middle, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: γίνομαι Sense: to become, i. |
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| ἡμέρας | day |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Feminine Singular Root: ἡμέρα Sense: the day, used of the natural day, or the interval between sunrise and sunset, as distinguished from and contrasted with the night. |
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| ποιήσαντες | having made |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: ποιέω Sense: to make. |
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| συστροφὴν | a conspiracy |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: συστροφή Sense: a twisting up together, a binding together. |
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| Ἰουδαῖοι | Jews |
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Parse: Adjective, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: Ἰουδαῖος Sense: Jewish, belonging to the Jewish race. |
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| ἀνεθεμάτισαν | put under an oath |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἀναθεματίζω Sense: to devote to destruction. |
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| ἑαυτοὺς | themselves |
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Parse: Reflexive Pronoun, Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Plural Root: ἑαυτοῦ Sense: himself, herself, itself, themselves. |
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| λέγοντες | declaring |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: λέγω Sense: to say, to speak. |
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| μήτε | neither |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: μήτε Sense: and not, neither … nor, not so. |
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| φαγεῖν | to eat |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active Root: ἐσθίω Sense: to eat. |
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| μήτε | nor |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: μήτε Sense: and not, neither … nor, not so. |
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| πιεῖν | to drink |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active Root: πίνω Sense: to drink. |
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| ἕως | until |
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Parse: Preposition Root: ἕως Sense: till, until. |
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| οὗ | that |
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Parse: Personal / Relative Pronoun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὅς Sense: who, which, what, that. |
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| ἀποκτείνωσιν | they should kill |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Subjunctive Active, 3rd Person Plural Root: ἀποκτείνω Sense: to kill in any way whatever. |
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| τὸν | - |
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Parse: Article, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| Παῦλον | Paul |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: Παῦλος Sense: Paul was the most famous of the apostles and wrote a good part of the NT, the 4 Pauline epistles. |
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Greek Commentary for Acts 23:12
See note on Acts 19:40 (riot), but here conspiracy, secret combination, binding together like twisted cords. [source]
First aorist active indicative of ανατεματιζω anathematizō a late word, said by Cremer and Thayer to be wholly Biblical or ecclesiastical. But Deissmann (Light from the Ancient East, p. 95) quotes several examples of the verb in an Attic cursing tablet from Megara of the first or second century a.d. This proof shows that the word, as well as ανατεμα anathema (substantive) from which the verb is derived, was employed by pagans as well as by Jews. Deissmann suggests that Greek Jews like the seven sons of Sceva may have been the first to coin it. It occurs in the lxx as well as Mark 14:71 (which see and Luke 21:5); Acts 23:12, Acts 23:14, Acts 23:21. They placed themselves under an anathema or curse, devoted themselves to God (cf. Leviticus 27:28.; 1 Corinthians 16:22). Drink (πεινπιειν pein̂piein). Second aorist active infinitive of πινω pinō For this shortened form see Robertson, Grammar, p. 343. Till they had killed First aorist active subjunctive of αποκτεινω apokteinō common verb. No reason to translate “had killed,” simply “till they should kill,” the aorist merely punctiliar action, the subjunctive retained instead of the optative for vividness as usual in the Koiné{[28928]}š (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 974-6). Same construction in Acts 23:14. King Saul took an “anathema” that imperilled Jonathan (1 Samuel 14:24). Perhaps the forty felt that the rabbis could find some way to absolve the curse if they failed. See this verse repeated in Acts 23:21. [source]
Second aorist active infinitive of πινω pinō For this shortened form see Robertson, Grammar, p. 343. [source]
First aorist active subjunctive of αποκτεινω apokteinō common verb. No reason to translate “had killed,” simply “till they should kill,” the aorist merely punctiliar action, the subjunctive retained instead of the optative for vividness as usual in the Koiné{[28928]}š (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 974-6). Same construction in Acts 23:14. King Saul took an “anathema” that imperilled Jonathan (1 Samuel 14:24). Perhaps the forty felt that the rabbis could find some way to absolve the curse if they failed. See this verse repeated in Acts 23:21. [source]
Lit., having made a conspiracy. See on concourse, Acts 19:40. [source]
[source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Acts 23:12
Lit., a twisting together: hence of anything which is rolled or twisted into a mass; and so of a mass of people, with an underlying idea of confusion: a mob. Compare Acts 23:12. [source]
Genitive absolute with αιτιος aitios common adjective (cf. αιτια aitia cause) though in N.T. only here and Hebrews 5:9; Luke 23:4, Luke 23:14, Luke 23:22. And as touching it (περι ου peri hou). “Concerning which.” But what? No clear antecedent, only the general idea. Give an account of this concourse Rationem reddere. They will have to explain matters to the proconsul. Συστροπη Sustrophē (from συν sun together, στρεπω strephō to turn) is a late word for a conspiracy (Acts 23:12) and a disorderly riot as here (Polybius). In Acts 28:12 συστρεπω sustrephō is used of gathering up a bundle of sticks and of men combining in Matthew 17:22. Seneca says that there was nothing on which the Romans looked with such jealousy as a tumultuous meeting. [source]
Rationem reddere. They will have to explain matters to the proconsul. Συστροπη Sustrophē (from συν sun together, στρεπω strephō to turn) is a late word for a conspiracy (Acts 23:12) and a disorderly riot as here (Polybius). In Acts 28:12 συστρεπω sustrephō is used of gathering up a bundle of sticks and of men combining in Matthew 17:22. Seneca says that there was nothing on which the Romans looked with such jealousy as a tumultuous meeting. [source]
Imperfect active of εισειμι eiseimi old classic verb used only four times in the N.T. (Acts 3:3; Acts 21:18, Acts 21:26; Hebrews 9:6), a mark of the literary style rather than the colloquial Koiné{[28928]}š use of εισερχομαι eiserchomai Together with us to James So then Luke is present. The next use of “we” is in Acts 27:1 when they leave Caesarea for Rome, but it is not likely that Luke was away from Paul in Jerusalem and Caesarea. The reports of what was done and said in both places is so full and minute that it seems reasonable that Luke got first hand information here whatever his motive was for so full an account of these legal proceedings to be discussed later. There are many details that read like an eye witness‘s story (Acts 21:30, Acts 21:35, Acts 21:40; Acts 22:2, Acts 22:3; Acts 23:12, etc.). It was probably the house of James And all the elders were present (παντες τε παρεγενοντο οι πρεσβυτεροι pantes te paregenonto hoi presbuteroi). Clearly James is the leading elder and the others are his guests in a formal reception to Paul. It is noticeable that the apostles are not mentioned, though both elders and apostles are named at the Conference in Acts chapter 15. It would seem that the apostles are away on preaching tours. The whole church was not called together probably because of the known prejudice against Paul created by the Judaizers. [source]
First aorist active indicative of ανατεματιζω anathematizō a late word, said by Cremer and Thayer to be wholly Biblical or ecclesiastical. But Deissmann (Light from the Ancient East, p. 95) quotes several examples of the verb in an Attic cursing tablet from Megara of the first or second century a.d. This proof shows that the word, as well as ανατεμα anathema (substantive) from which the verb is derived, was employed by pagans as well as by Jews. Deissmann suggests that Greek Jews like the seven sons of Sceva may have been the first to coin it. It occurs in the lxx as well as Mark 14:71 (which see and Luke 21:5); Acts 23:12, Acts 23:14, Acts 23:21. They placed themselves under an anathema or curse, devoted themselves to God (cf. Leviticus 27:28.; 1 Corinthians 16:22). Drink (πεινπιειν pein̂piein). Second aorist active infinitive of πινω pinō For this shortened form see Robertson, Grammar, p. 343. Till they had killed First aorist active subjunctive of αποκτεινω apokteinō common verb. No reason to translate “had killed,” simply “till they should kill,” the aorist merely punctiliar action, the subjunctive retained instead of the optative for vividness as usual in the Koiné{[28928]}š (Robertson, Grammar, pp. 974-6). Same construction in Acts 23:14. King Saul took an “anathema” that imperilled Jonathan (1 Samuel 14:24). Perhaps the forty felt that the rabbis could find some way to absolve the curse if they failed. See this verse repeated in Acts 23:21. [source]
As if the whole nation was in the conspiracy and so in Acts 23:12. The conspirators may have belonged to the Zealots, but clearly they represented the state of Jewish feeling toward Paul in Jerusalem. [source]
Present active indicative of ενεδρευω enedreuō old verb from ενεδρα enedra (Acts 23:16), in the N.T. only here and Luke 11:54 which see. Till they have slain him (εως ου ανελωσιν αυτον heōs hou anelōsin auton). Same idiom as in Acts 23:12 save that here we have ανελωσιν anelōsin (second aorist active subjunctive) instead of αποκτεινωσιν apokteinōsin (another word for kill), “till they slay him.” Looking for the promise from thee This item is all that is needed to put the scheme through, the young man shrewdly adds. [source]
Same idiom as in Acts 23:12 save that here we have ανελωσιν anelōsin (second aorist active subjunctive) instead of αποκτεινωσιν apokteinōsin (another word for kill), “till they slay him.” [source]