KJV: And he commanded us to preach unto the people, and to testify that it is he which was ordained of God to be the Judge of quick and dead.
YLT: and he commanded us to preach to the people, and to testify fully that it is he who hath been ordained by God judge of living and dead --
Darby: And he commanded us to preach to the people, and to testify that he it is who was determinately appointed of God to be judge of living and dead.
ASV: And he charged us to preach unto the people, and to testify that this is he who is ordained of God to be the Judge of the living and the dead.
| παρήγγειλεν | He instructed |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: παραγγέλλω Sense: to transmit a message along from one to another, to declare, announce. |
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| ἡμῖν | us |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Dative 1st Person Plural Root: ἐγώ Sense: I, me, my. |
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| κηρύξαι | to proclaim |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active Root: κηρύσσω Sense: to be a herald, to officiate as a herald. |
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| τῷ | to the |
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Parse: Article, Dative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| λαῷ | people |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Masculine Singular Root: λαός Sense: a people, people group, tribe, nation, all those who are of the same stock and language. |
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| διαμαρτύρασθαι | to testify fully |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Middle Root: διαμαρτύρομαι Sense: to testify. |
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| ὅτι | that |
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Parse: Conjunction Root: ὅτι Sense: that, because, since. |
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| ὁ | the [One] |
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Parse: Article, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| ὡρισμένος | having been appointed |
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Parse: Verb, Perfect Participle Middle or Passive, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ὁρίζω Sense: to define. |
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| τοῦ | - |
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Parse: Article, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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| Θεοῦ | God |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: θεός Sense: a god or goddess, a general name of deities or divinities. |
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| Κριτὴς | [as] judge |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: κριτής Sense: one who passes or arrogates to himself, judgment on anything. |
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| ζώντων | of living |
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Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: ζάω Sense: to live, breathe, be among the living (not lifeless, not dead). |
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| νεκρῶν | dead |
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Parse: Adjective, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: νεκρός Sense: properly. |
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Greek Commentary for Acts 10:42
First aorist active indicative as in Acts 1:4. There Jesus is the subject and so probably here, though Page insists that ο τεος ho theos (God) is here because of Acts 10:40. [source]
First aorist middle infinitive. See note on Acts 2:40. Ordained (ωρισμενος hrisōmenos). Perfect passive participle of οριζω horizō old verb, to mark out, to limit, to make a horizon. Judge The same point made by Peter in 1 Peter 4:5. He does not use the word “Messiah” to these Gentiles though he did say “anointed” (εχρισεν echrisen) in Acts 10:38. Peter‘s claim for Jesus is that he is the Judge of Jew and Gentile (living and dead). [source]
Perfect passive participle of οριζω horizō old verb, to mark out, to limit, to make a horizon. [source]
The same point made by Peter in 1 Peter 4:5. He does not use the word “Messiah” to these Gentiles though he did say “anointed” (εχρισεν echrisen) in Acts 10:38. Peter‘s claim for Jesus is that he is the Judge of Jew and Gentile (living and dead). [source]
See on Acts 2:40. [source]
See on Luke 3:3; and James 5:15. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for Acts 10:42
Infinitive (present active) of purpose, so as to dwell. Having determined (ορισας horisas). First aorist active participle of οριζω horizō old verb to make a horizon as already in Acts Acts 10:42 which see. Paul here touches God‘s Providence. God has revealed himself in history as in creation. His hand appears in the history of all men as well as in that of the Chosen People of Israel. Appointed seasons Not the weather as in Acts 14:17, but “the times of the Gentiles” The perfect passive participle of προστασσω prostassō old verb to enjoin, emphasizes God‘s control of human history without any denial of human free agency as was involved in the Stoic Fate Bounds (οροτεσιας horothesias). Limits? Same idea in Job 12:23. Nations rise and fall, but it is not blind chance or hard fate. Thus there is an interplay between God‘s will and man‘s activities, difficult as it is for us to see with our shortened vision. [source]
First aorist active participle of οριζω horizō old verb to make a horizon as already in Acts Acts 10:42 which see. Paul here touches God‘s Providence. God has revealed himself in history as in creation. His hand appears in the history of all men as well as in that of the Chosen People of Israel. [source]
Rev., in margin, determined. The same verb as in the compound separated in Romans 1:1. Bengel says that it expresses more than “separated,” since one of a number is separated, but only one is defined or declared. Compare Acts 10:42; Acts 17:31. It means to designate one for something, to nominate, to instate. There is an antithesis between born (Romans 1:3) and declared. As respected Christ's earthly descent, He was born like other men. As respected His divine essence, He was declared. The idea is that of Christ's instatement or establishment in the rank and dignity of His divine sonship with a view to the conviction of men. This was required by His previous humiliation, and was accomplished by His resurrection, which not only manifested or demonstrated what He was, but wrought a real transformation in His mode of being. Compare Acts 2:36; “God made,” etc. [source]
Comp. 2 Timothy 4:1. Mostly in Luke and Acts. oP. Only here in Pastorals. Applied to Christ, Acts 10:42; James 5:9; to God, Hebrews 12:28; James 4:12. [source]
Better, as Rev., literally rendering the participle, living: a favorite word with Peter. See 1 Peter 1:23; 1 Peter 2:4, 1 Peter 2:5, 1 Peter 2:24; 1 Peter 4:5, 1 Peter 4:6; and compare Acts 9:41, where Peter is the prominent actor; and Acts 10:42, where he is the speaker. [source]