KJV: For if God spared not the angels that sinned, but cast them down to hell, and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved unto judgment;
YLT: For if God messengers who sinned did not spare, but with chains of thick gloom, having cast them down to Tartarus, did deliver them to judgment, having been reserved,
Darby: For if God spared not the angels who had sinned, but having cast them down to the deepest pit of gloom has delivered them to chains of darkness to be kept for judgment;
ASV: For if God spared not angels when they sinned, but cast them down to hell, and committed them to pits of darkness, to be reserved unto judgment;
ὁ | - |
Parse: Article, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ὁ Sense: this, that, these, etc. |
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Θεὸς | God |
Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: θεός Sense: a god or goddess, a general name of deities or divinities. |
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ἀγγέλων | [the] angels |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: ἄγγελος Sense: a messenger, envoy, one who is sent, an angel, a messenger from God. |
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ἁμαρτησάντων | having sinned |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: ἁμαρτάνω Sense: to be without a share in. |
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ἐφείσατο | spared |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Middle, 3rd Person Singular Root: φείδομαι Sense: to spare. |
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σειραῖς | in chains |
Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Plural Root: σειρά Sense: a line, a rope. |
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ζόφου | of gloomy darkness |
Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: ζόφος Sense: darkness, blackness. |
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ταρταρώσας | having cast [them] down to Tartarus |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ταρταρόω Sense: the name of the subterranean region, doleful and dark, regarded by the ancient Greeks as the abode of the wicked dead, where they suffer punishment for their evil deeds; it answers to Gehenna of the Jews. |
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παρέδωκεν | delivered [them] |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: παραδίδωμι Sense: to give into the hands (of another). |
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κρίσιν | judgment |
Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: κρίσις Sense: a separating, sundering, separation. |
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τηρουμένους | being kept |
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Middle or Passive, Accusative Masculine Plural Root: τηρέω Sense: to attend to carefully, take care of. |
Greek Commentary for 2 Peter 2:4
First instance (γαρ gar) of certain doom, that of the fallen angels. Condition of the first class precisely like that in Romans 11:21 save that here the normal apodosis (υμων ου πεισεται humōn ou pheisetai) is not expressed as there, but is simply implied in 2 Peter 2:9 by οιδεν κυριος ρυεσται oiden kurios ruesthai (the Lord knows how to deliver) after the parenthesis in 2 Peter 2:8. [source]
Genitive case after επεισατο epheisato (first aorist middle indicative of πειδομαι pheidomai) and anarthrous (so more emphatic, even angels), first aorist active participle of αμαρτανω hamartanō “having sinned.”Cast them down to hell (ταρταρωσας tartarōsas). First aorist active participle of ταρταροω tartaroō late word (from ταρταρος tartaros old word in Homer, Pindar, lxx Job 40:15; 41:23, Philo, inscriptions, the dark and doleful abode of the wicked dead like the Gehenna of the Jews), found here alone save in a scholion on Homer. Ταρταρος Tartaros occurs in Enoch 20:2 as the place of punishment of the fallen angels, while Gehenna is for apostate Jews.Committed First aorist active indicative of παραδιδωμι paradidōmi the very form solemnly used by Paul in Romans 1:21, Romans 1:26, Romans 1:28.To pits of darkness (σειροις ζοπου seirois zophou). οπος Zophos (kin to γνοποσ νεπος gnophosσειραις nephos) is an old word, blackness, gloom of the nether world in Homer, in N.T. only here, 2 Peter 2:17; Judges 1:13; Hebrews 12:18. The MSS. vary between σειρα seirais (σειροις seira chain or rope) and σειρος seirois (Σειροις seiros old word for pit, underground granary). εις κρισιν τηρουμενους Seirois is right (Aleph A B C), dative case of destination.To be reserved unto judgment Present (linear action) passive participle of κολαζομενους τηρειν tēreō “Kept for judgment.” Cf. 1 Peter 1:4. Aleph A have κρισις kolazomenous tērein as in 2 Peter 2:9. Note krisis (act of judgment). [source]
First aorist active participle of ταρταροω tartaroō late word (from ταρταρος tartaros old word in Homer, Pindar, lxx Job 40:15; 41:23, Philo, inscriptions, the dark and doleful abode of the wicked dead like the Gehenna of the Jews), found here alone save in a scholion on Homer. Ταρταρος Tartaros occurs in Enoch 20:2 as the place of punishment of the fallen angels, while Gehenna is for apostate Jews. [source]
First aorist active indicative of παραδιδωμι paradidōmi the very form solemnly used by Paul in Romans 1:21, Romans 1:26, Romans 1:28.To pits of darkness (σειροις ζοπου seirois zophou). οπος Zophos (kin to γνοποσ νεπος gnophosσειραις nephos) is an old word, blackness, gloom of the nether world in Homer, in N.T. only here, 2 Peter 2:17; Judges 1:13; Hebrews 12:18. The MSS. vary between σειρα seirais (σειροις seira chain or rope) and σειρος seirois (Σειροις seiros old word for pit, underground granary). εις κρισιν τηρουμενους Seirois is right (Aleph A B C), dative case of destination.To be reserved unto judgment Present (linear action) passive participle of κολαζομενους τηρειν tēreō “Kept for judgment.” Cf. 1 Peter 1:4. Aleph A have κρισις kolazomenous tērein as in 2 Peter 2:9. Note krisis (act of judgment). [source]
οπος Zophos (kin to γνοποσ νεπος gnophosσειραις nephos) is an old word, blackness, gloom of the nether world in Homer, in N.T. only here, 2 Peter 2:17; Judges 1:13; Hebrews 12:18. The MSS. vary between σειρα seirais εις κρισιν τηρουμενους Seirois is right (Aleph A B C), dative case of destination. [source]
Present (linear action) passive participle of κολαζομενους τηρειν tēreō “Kept for judgment.” Cf. 1 Peter 1:4. Aleph A have κρισις kolazomenous tērein as in 2 Peter 2:9. Note krisis (act of judgment). [source]
No article. Angels. So Rev. Compare Judges 1:6. [source]
Lit., being reserved. See on 1 Peter 1:4, “reserved in heaven.” [source]
Only here in New Testament. From Τάρταρος , TartarusIt is strange to find Peter using this Pagan term, which represents the Greek hell, though treated here not as equivalent to Gehennabut as the place of detention until the judgment.Chains of darkness ( σειραῖς ζόφου ) Σειρά is a cord or band, sometimes of metal. Compare Septuagint, Proverbs 5:22; Wisd. of Song of Solomon 17:2,18. The best texts, however, substitute σιροῖς or σειροῖς , pits or caverns. Σιρός originally is a place for storing corn. Rev., pits of darkness.Of darkness ( ζόφου )Peculiar to Peter and Jude. Originally of the gloom of the nether world, So Homer:“These halls are fullOf shadows hastening down to Erebus Amid the gloom ( ὑπὸ ζόφον )Odyssey, xx., 355.When Ulysses meets his mother in the shades, she says to him:“How didst thou come, my child, a living man,Into this place of darkness? ( ὑπὸ ζόφον ).”Odyssey, xi., 155.Compare Judges 1:13. So Milton:“Here their prison ordainedIn utter darkness, and their portion set As far removed from God and light of heaven-DIVIDER- As from the centre thrice to the utmost pole.”Paradise Lost, i., 71-74.And Dante:“That air forever black.”Inferno, iii., 829.“Upon the verge I found meOf the abysmal valley dolorous That gathers thunder of infinite ululations. -DIVIDER- -DIVIDER- Obscure, profound it was, and nebulous,-DIVIDER- So that by fixing on its depths my sight-DIVIDER- Nothing whatever I discerned therein.”Inferno, iv., 7,12.“I came unto a place mute of all light.”Inferno, v., 28. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for 2 Peter 2:4
Σκοτία , darkness, is a word peculiar to later Greek, and used in the New Testament almost exclusively by John. It occurs once in Matthew 10:27, and once in Luke 12:3. The more common New Testament word is σκότος , from the same root, which appears in σκιά , shadow, and σκηνή , tent. Another word for darkness, ζόφος , occurs only in Peter and Jude (2 Peter 2:4, 2 Peter 2:17; Judges 1:6, Judges 1:13). See on 2 Peter 2:4. The two words are combined in the phrase blackness of darkness (2 Peter 2:17; Judges 1:13). In classical Greek σκότος , as distinguished from ζόφος , is the stronger term, denoting the condition of darkness as opposed to light in nature. Hence of death, of the condition before birth; of night. Ζόφος , which is mainly a poetical term, signifies gloom, half-darkness, nebulousness. Here the stronger word is used. The darkness of sin is deep. The moral condition which opposes itself to divine light is utterly dark. The very light that is in it is darkness. Its condition is the opposite of that happy state of humanity indicated in John 1:4, when the life was the light of men; it is a condition in which mankind has become the prey of falsehood, folly and sin. Compare 1 John 1:9-10. Romans 1:21, Romans 1:22. [source]
So many and so precious (2 Peter 2:4 επαγγελματα epaggelmata Hebrews 11:39.). [source]
For this triad of God, Christ, angels, see Luke 9:26. “Elect” in the sense of the “holy” angels who kept their own principality (Judges 1:6) and who did not sin (2 Peter 2:4). Paul shows his interest in angels in 1 Corinthians 4:9; 1 Corinthians 11:10. [source]
Dative case of γνοπος gnophos (late form for earlier δνοπος dnophos and kin to νεπος nephos cloud), here only in N.T. Quoted here from Exodus 10:22. Darkness Old word, in Homer for the gloom of the world below. In the Symmachus Version of Exodus 10:22, also in Judges 1:6; 2 Peter 2:4, 2 Peter 2:15. Tempest Old word from τυω thuō (to boil, to rage), a hurricane, here only in N.T. From Exodus 10:22. The sound of a trumpet From Exodus 19:16. Εχος Echos is an old word (our εχο echo) as in Luke 21:25; Acts 2:2. The voice of words From Exodus 19:19; Deuteronomy 4:12. Which voice Relative referring to πωνη phōnē (voice) just before, genitive case with ακουσαντες akousantes (heard, aorist active participle). Intreated First aorist middle (indirect) indicative of παραιτεομαι paraiteomai old verb, to ask from alongside (Mark 15:6), then to beg away from oneself, to depreciate as here, to decline (Acts 25:11), to excuse (Luke 14:18), to avoid (1 Timothy 4:7). That no word should be spoken unto them First aorist passive infinitive of προστιτημι prostithēmi old word to add, here with accusative of general reference (λογον logon), “that no word be added unto them.” Some MSS. have here a redundant negative μη mē with the infinitive because of the negative idea in παρηιτησαντο parēitēsanto as in Galatians 5:7. [source]
Authorities differ, some explaining by 2 Peter 2:4; Judges 1:6; Revelation 20:7, as the final abode of the lost. Excepting in the last passage, the word occurs nowhere else in the New Testament in a metaphorical sense. It is often translated watch (Matthew 14:25; Luke 2:8); hold and cage (Revelation 18:2). Others explain as Hades, the kingdom of the dead generally. [source]
First aorist passive (deponent) participle of πορευομαι poreuomai and first aorist active indicative of κηρυσσω kērussō the verb commonly used of the preaching of Jesus. Naturally the words mean personal action by Christ “in spirit” as illustration of his “quickening” (1 Peter 3:18) whether done before his death or afterwards. It is interesting to observe that, just as the relative εν ωι en hōi here tells something suggested by the word πνευματι pneumati (in spirit) just before, so in 1 Peter 3:21 the relative ο ho (which) tells another illustration of the words δι υδατος di' hudatos (by water) just before. Peter jumps from the flood in Noah‘s time to baptism in Peter‘s time, just as he jumped backwards from Christ‘s time to Noah‘s time. He easily goes off at a word. What does he mean here by the story that illustrates Christ‘s quickening in spirit?Unto the spirits in prison (τοις εν πυλακηι πνευμασιν tois en phulakēi pneumasin). The language is plain enough except that it does not make it clear whether Jesus did the preaching to spirits in prison at the time or to people whose spirits are now in prison, the point of doubt already discussed. The metaphorical use of εν πυλακηι en phulakēi can be illustrated by 2 Peter 2:4; Judges 1:6; Revelation 20:7 (the final abode of the lost). See Hebrews 12:23 for the use of πνευματα pneumata for disembodied spirits. [source]
The language is plain enough except that it does not make it clear whether Jesus did the preaching to spirits in prison at the time or to people whose spirits are now in prison, the point of doubt already discussed. The metaphorical use of εν πυλακηι en phulakēi can be illustrated by 2 Peter 2:4; Judges 1:6; Revelation 20:7 (the final abode of the lost). See Hebrews 12:23 for the use of πνευματα pneumata for disembodied spirits. [source]
The actual apodosis of the long protasis begun in 2 Peter 2:4. God can deliver his servants as shown by Noah and Lot and he will deliver you. The idiomatic use of οιδα oida and the infinitive (ρυεσται ruesthai present middle and see 2 Peter 2:7) for knowing how as in Matthew 7:11; James 4:17. [source]
Old word for fog, here alone in N.T.Driven by a storm (υπο λαιλαπος ελαυνομεναι hupo lailapos elaunomenai). Λαιλαπς Lailaps is a squall (Mark 4:37; Luke 8:23, only other N.T. examples). See James 3:4 for another example of ελαυνω elaunō for driving power of wind and waves.For whom Dative case of personal interest.The blackness (ο ζοπος ho zophos). See 2 Peter 2:4 for this word.Hath been reserved Perfect passive participle of τηρεω tēreō for which see 2 Peter 2:4, 2 Peter 2:9. [source]
Dative case of personal interest.The blackness (ο ζοπος ho zophos). See 2 Peter 2:4 for this word.Hath been reserved Perfect passive participle of τηρεω tēreō for which see 2 Peter 2:4, 2 Peter 2:9. [source]
See 2 Peter 2:4 for this word. [source]
Perfect passive participle of τηρεω tēreō for which see 2 Peter 2:4, 2 Peter 2:9. [source]
Instrumental case again referring to λογωι logōi in 2 Peter 3:6.Have been stored up (τετησαυρισμενοι εισιν tethēsaurismenoi eisin). Perfect passive indicative of τησαυριζω thēsaurizō for which verb see Matthew 6:19; Luke 12:21.For fire Dative case of πυρ pur not with fire (instrumental case). The destruction of the world by fire is here pictured as in Joel 2:30.; Psalm 50:3.Being reserved (τηρουμενοι tēroumenoi). Present passive participle of τηρεω tēreō for which see 2 Peter 2:4.Against Unto. As in 2 Peter 2:4, 2 Peter 2:9 and see 1 Peter 1:4 for the inheritance reserved for the saints of God. [source]
Dative case of πυρ pur not with fire (instrumental case). The destruction of the world by fire is here pictured as in Joel 2:30.; Psalm 50:3.Being reserved (τηρουμενοι tēroumenoi). Present passive participle of τηρεω tēreō for which see 2 Peter 2:4.Against Unto. As in 2 Peter 2:4, 2 Peter 2:9 and see 1 Peter 1:4 for the inheritance reserved for the saints of God. [source]
Present passive participle of τηρεω tēreō for which see 2 Peter 2:4. [source]
Unto. As in 2 Peter 2:4, 2 Peter 2:9 and see 1 Peter 1:4 for the inheritance reserved for the saints of God. [source]
Under carries the sense of the darkness brooding over the fallen spirits. On darkness, see on 2 Peter 2:4. Compare Hesiod:“There the Titanian gods, to murky gloomCondemned by will of cloud-collecting Jove, Lie hid in region foul.”Theogony, v., 729. [source]
See on 2 Peter 2:4. [source]
The second example in Jude, the fallen angels, accusative case after τετηρηκεν tetērēken (perfect active indicative of τηρεω tēreō for which verb see 2 Peter 2:4, 2 Peter 2:7) at the end of the verse (two emphatic positions, beginning and end of the clause). [source]
First aorist active participle with negative μη mē with play on “kept not” and “he hath kept.”Principality (αρχην archēn). Literally, “beginning,” “rule,” (first place of power as in 1 Corinthians 15:24; Romans 8:38). In Acts 10:11 it is used for “corners” (beginnings) of the sheet. In Ephesians 6:12 the word is used for evil angels. See Deuteronomy 32:8. Both Enoch and Philo (and Milton) discuss the fallen angels.But left Second aorist active participle of απολειπω apoleipō old verb, to leave behind (2 Timothy 4:13, 2 Timothy 4:20).Their own proper habitation (το ιδιον οικητηριον to idion oikētērion). Old word for dwelling-place (from οικητηρ oikētēr dweller at home, from οικος oikos), in N.T. only here and 2 Corinthians 5:2 (the body as the abode of the spirit).In everlasting bonds Either locative (in) or instrumental (by, with). Αιδιος Aidios (from αει aei always), old adjective, in N.T. only here and Romans 1:20 (of God‘s power and deity). It is synonymous with αιωνιος aiōnios (Matthew 25:46). Mayor terms αιδιος aidios an Aristotelian word, while αιωνιος aiōnios is Platonic.Under darkness (υπο ζοπον hupo zophon). See 2 Peter 2:4 for ζοπος zophos In Wisdom 17:2 we find δεσμιοι σκοτους desmioi skotous (prisoners of darkness).Great Not in 2 Peter 2:9, which see note for discussion. [source]
Second aorist active participle of απολειπω apoleipō old verb, to leave behind (2 Timothy 4:13, 2 Timothy 4:20).Their own proper habitation (το ιδιον οικητηριον to idion oikētērion). Old word for dwelling-place (from οικητηρ oikētēr dweller at home, from οικος oikos), in N.T. only here and 2 Corinthians 5:2 (the body as the abode of the spirit).In everlasting bonds Either locative (in) or instrumental (by, with). Αιδιος Aidios (from αει aei always), old adjective, in N.T. only here and Romans 1:20 (of God‘s power and deity). It is synonymous with αιωνιος aiōnios (Matthew 25:46). Mayor terms αιδιος aidios an Aristotelian word, while αιωνιος aiōnios is Platonic.Under darkness (υπο ζοπον hupo zophon). See 2 Peter 2:4 for ζοπος zophos In Wisdom 17:2 we find δεσμιοι σκοτους desmioi skotous (prisoners of darkness).Great Not in 2 Peter 2:9, which see note for discussion. [source]
Either locative (in) or instrumental (by, with). Αιδιος Aidios (from αει aei always), old adjective, in N.T. only here and Romans 1:20 (of God‘s power and deity). It is synonymous with αιωνιος aiōnios (Matthew 25:46). Mayor terms αιδιος aidios an Aristotelian word, while αιωνιος aiōnios is Platonic.Under darkness (υπο ζοπον hupo zophon). See 2 Peter 2:4 for ζοπος zophos In Wisdom 17:2 we find δεσμιοι σκοτους desmioi skotous (prisoners of darkness).Great Not in 2 Peter 2:9, which see note for discussion. [source]
See 2 Peter 2:4 for ζοπος zophos In Wisdom 17:2 we find δεσμιοι σκοτους desmioi skotous (prisoners of darkness). [source]