KJV: In Damascus the governor under Aretas the king kept the city of the Damascenes with a garrison, desirous to apprehend me:
YLT: In Damascus the ethnarch of Aretas the king was watching the city of the Damascenes, wishing to seize me,
Darby: In Damascus the ethnarch of Aretas the king kept the city of the Damascenes shut up, wishing to take me;
ASV: In Damascus the governor under Aretas the king guarded the city of the Damascenes in order to take me:
| Δαμασκῷ | Damascus |
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Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Singular Root: Δαμασκός Sense: one of the most ancient and most important cities of Syria lying in almost lovely and fertile plain at the eastern base of the Antilibanus. |
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| ἐθνάρχης | governor |
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Parse: Noun, Nominative Masculine Singular Root: ἐθνάρχης Sense: an ethnarch, one set over a people as ruler, but without the authority and name of a king. |
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| Ἁρέτα | under Aretas |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: Ἁρέτας Sense: An Arabian king. |
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| βασιλέως | king |
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Parse: Noun, Genitive Masculine Singular Root: βασιλεύς Sense: leader of the people, prince, commander, lord of the land, king. |
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| ἐφρούρει | was guarding |
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Parse: Verb, Imperfect Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular Root: φρουρέω Sense: to guard, protect by a military guard, either to prevent hostile invasion, or to keep the inhabitants of a besieged city from flight. |
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| πόλιν | city |
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Parse: Noun, Accusative Feminine Singular Root: πόλις Sense: a city. |
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| Δαμασκηνῶν | of the Damascenes |
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Parse: Adjective, Genitive Masculine Plural Root: Δαμασκηνός Sense: of Damascus. |
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| πιάσαι | to seize |
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Parse: Verb, Aorist Infinitive Active Root: πιάζω Sense: to lay hold of. |
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| με | me |
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Parse: Personal / Possessive Pronoun, Accusative 1st Person Singular Root: ἐγώ Sense: I, me, my. |
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Greek Commentary for 2 Corinthians 11:32
How it came to pass that Damascus, ruled by the Romans after b.c. 65, came at this time to be under the rule of Aretas, fourth of the name, King of the Nabatheans (2 Maccabees 5:8), we do not know. There is an absence of Roman coins in Damascus from a.d. 34 to 62. It is suggested (Plummer) that Caligula, to mark his dislike for Antipas, gave Damascus to Aretas (enemy of Antipas). [source]
Imperfect active of προυρεω phroureō old verb (from προυρος phrouros a guard) to guard by posting sentries. In Acts 9:24 we read that the Jews kept watch to seize Paul, but there is no conflict as they cooperated with the guard set by Aretas at their request. To seize (πιασαι piasai). Doric first aorist active infinitive of πιεζω piezō (Luke 6:38) for which see note on Acts 3:7. [source]
Doric first aorist active infinitive of πιεζω piezō (Luke 6:38) for which see note on Acts 3:7. [source]
Only here in the New Testament. A governor ruling in the name of a king: a prefect. [source]
Or Hareth, the father-in-law of Herod Antipas. Hs capital was the rock-city of Petra, the metropolis of Arabia Petraea. Herod's unfaithfulness to his daughter brought on a quarrel, in which Herod's army was defeated, to the great delight of the Jews. The further prosecution of the war by Roman troops was arrested by the death of Tiberius, and it is supposed that Caligula assigned Damascus as a free gift to Aretas. [source]
Imperfect tense, was maintaining a constant watch. Compare Acts 9:24: They watched the gates day and night. [source]
See on Acts 3:7. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for 2 Corinthians 11:32
Notice the connection with the previous sentence by the simple and, where another writer would have said and yet: the sense being that though Jesus was teaching where He might easily have been apprehended, yet no one attempted to arrest Him. See on John 1:10. Laid hands on is better rendered, as elsewhere, took (compare John 7:30). The inconsistency of the A.V. in the renderings of the same word, of which this is only one of many instances, is noteworthy here from the fact that in the only two passages in which John uses the phrase laid hands on (John 7:30; John 7:44), he employs the common formula, ἐπιβάλλειν τὰς χεῖρας , or τὴν χεῖρα , and in both these passages the word πιάσαι is rendered take. The use of this latter word is confined almost exclusively to John, as it is found only three times elsewhere (Acts 3:7; Acts 12:4; 2 Corinthians 11:32). [source]
So John 21:10. The verb means to lay hold of, and is nowhere else used in the New Testament of taking fish. Elsewhere in this Gospel always of the seizure of Christ by the authorities (John 7:30, John 7:39, John 7:44; John 8:20; John 10:39; John 11:57). Of apprehending Peter and Paul (Acts 12:4; 2 Corinthians 11:32). Of the taking of the beast (Revelation 19:20). Of taking by the hand (Acts 3:7). [source]
Julius Ceasar and Augustus had granted the high priest and Sanhedrin jurisdiction over Jews in foreign cities, but this central ecclesiastical authority was not always recognized in every local community outside of Judea. Paul says that he received his authority to go to Damascus from the priests (Acts 26:10) and “the estate of the elders” (Acts 22:5), that is the Sanhedrin. To Damascus (εις Δαμασκον eis Damaskon). As if no disciples of importance (outside the apostles in Jerusalem) were left in Judea. Damascus at this time may have been under the rule of Aretas of Arabia (tributary to Rome) as it certainly was a couple of years later when Saul escaped in a basket (2 Corinthians 11:32). This old city is the most enduring in the history of the world (Knowling). It is some 150 miles Northeast from Jerusalem and watered by the river Abana from Anti-Lebanon. Here the Jews were strong in numbers (10,000 butchered by Nero later) and here some disciples had found refuge from Saul‘s persecution in Judea and still worshipped in the synagogues. Paul‘s language in Acts 26:11 seems to mean that Damascus is merely one of other “foreign cities” to which he carried the persecution. If he found Third class condition with aorist subjunctive retained after secondary tense (asked). The Way (της οδου tēs hodou). A common method in the Acts for describing Christianity as the Way of life, absolutely as also in Acts 19:9, Acts 19:23; Acts 22:4; Acts 24:14, Acts 24:22 or the way of salvation (Acts 16:17) or the way of the Lord (Acts 18:25). It is a Jewish definition of life as in Isaiah 40:3 “the way of the Lord,” Psalm 1:6 “the way of the righteous,” “the way of the wicked.” Jesus called himself “the way” (John 14:6), the only way to the Father. The so-called Epistle of Barnabas presents the Two Ways. The North American Indians call Christianity the Jesus Road. That he might bring them bound Final clause with οπως hopōs (less common than ινα hina) and aorist (effective) subjunctive (αγαγηι agagēi reduplicated aorist of αγω agō common verb) and perfect passive participle (δεδεμενους dedemenous) of δεω deō in a state of sheer helplessness like his other victims both men and women. Three times (Acts 8:3; Acts 9:2; Acts 22:4) this fact of persecuting women is mentioned as a special blot in Paul‘s cruelty (the third time by Paul himself) and one of the items in his being chief of sinners (1 Timothy 1:15). [source]
As if no disciples of importance (outside the apostles in Jerusalem) were left in Judea. Damascus at this time may have been under the rule of Aretas of Arabia (tributary to Rome) as it certainly was a couple of years later when Saul escaped in a basket (2 Corinthians 11:32). This old city is the most enduring in the history of the world (Knowling). It is some 150 miles Northeast from Jerusalem and watered by the river Abana from Anti-Lebanon. Here the Jews were strong in numbers (10,000 butchered by Nero later) and here some disciples had found refuge from Saul‘s persecution in Judea and still worshipped in the synagogues. Paul‘s language in Acts 26:11 seems to mean that Damascus is merely one of other “foreign cities” to which he carried the persecution. [source]
Imperfect middle indicative of παρατηρεω paratēreō common verb in late Greek for watching beside (παρα para) or insidiously or on the sly as in Luke 6:7, they kept on watching by day and night to kill him. In 2 Corinthians 11:32 Paul says that the Ethnarch of Aretas “kept guard” (επρουρει ephrourei imperfect active of προυρεω phroureō) to seize him. Probably the Jews obtained the consent of the Ethnarch and had him appoint some of them as guards or watchers at the gate of the city. [source]
Imperfect passive of προυρεω phroureō to guard (from προυρος phrouros a guard). See note on Acts 9:24; note on 2 Corinthians 11:32. It was a long progressive imprisonment. Unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed (eis tēn mellousan pistin apokaluphthēnai). “Unto the faith (Galatians 3:22 again) about to be revealed.” Mellō and the first aorist passive infinitive (regular idiom). [source]
“Shall garrison,” future active indicative of προυρεω phroureō old verb from προυρος phrouros See note on Acts 9:24; 2 Corinthians 11:32. God‘s peace as a sentinel mounts guard over our lives as Tennyson so beautifully pictures Love as doing. [source]
In Paul only 2 Corinthians 11:32. [source]
A military term. Lit., garrisoned. Rev., guarded. Compare 2 Corinthians 11:32, and the beautiful metaphorical use of the word at Philemon 4:7, “shallguard your hearts.” The present participle indicates something in progress, a continuous process of protection. Hence, lit., who are being guarded. “The inheritance is kept; the heirs are guarded ” (Bengel). [source]