The Meaning of 1 Samuel 26:1 Explained

1 Samuel 26:1

KJV: And the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David hide himself in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon?

YLT: And the Ziphites come in unto Saul, at Gibeah, saying, 'Is not David hiding himself in the height of Hachilah, on the front of the desert?'

Darby: And the Ziphites came to Saul to Gibeah, saying, Does not David hide himself in the hill of Hachilah, facing the waste?

ASV: And the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David hide himself in the hill of Hachilah, which is before the desert?

KJV Reverse Interlinear

And the Ziphites  came  unto Saul  to Gibeah,  saying,  Doth not David  hide  himself in the hill  of Hachilah,  [which is] before  Jeshimon? 

What does 1 Samuel 26:1 Mean?

Context Summary

1 Samuel 26:1-12 - Sparing His Enemy's Life
The Ziphites' treachery served as a foil to the intrinsic nobility of David's character. God made the wrath of man to praise Him, and restrained the remainder, Psalms 76:10, so that His servant escaped as a bird out of the fowler's snare. Read here, Psalms 54:1-7.
It was a bold act for David and Abishai to thread their way between watch-fires and sentries, and talk in whispers over the prostrate body of the sleeping monarch. As David says in one of the Psalms, "By thee I have run through a troop; and by my God have I leaped over a wall." The special share attributed here to God is the deep sleep which had fallen on the camp, 1 Samuel 26:12. The Lord who put the resolve into David's mind, cooperated in its execution. We are sometimes led by a divine impulse, and God will set His seal on our act; but we should not throw ourselves into peril unless the occasion plainly requires it. We are not at liberty to cast ourselves down from the mountain, unless it is clearly God's will. In David's case, there was sufficient reason for this adventure; first, that Saul might be warned once more; and second, that the integrity of the young outlaw might be established. [source]

Chapter Summary: 1 Samuel 26

1  Saul, by the discovery of the Ziphites, comes to Hachilah against David
4  David coming into the trench keeps Abishai from killing Saul,
11  but takes his spear and jug
13  David reproves Abner
17  and exhorts Saul
21  Saul acknowledges his sin

What do the individual words in 1 Samuel 26:1 mean?

And came the Ziphites to Saul at Gibeah saying is not David hiding in the hill of Hachilah upon opposite Jeshimon
וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ הַזִּפִים֙ אֶל־ שָׁא֔וּל הַגִּבְעָ֖תָה לֵאמֹ֑ר הֲל֨וֹא דָוִ֤ד מִסְתַּתֵּר֙ בְּגִבְעַ֣ת הַחֲכִילָ֔ה עַ֖ל פְּנֵ֥י ؟ הַיְשִׁימֹֽן

וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ  And  came 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Consecutive imperfect, third person masculine plural
Root: בֹּוא 
Sense: to go in, enter, come, go, come in.
הַזִּפִים֙  the  Ziphites 
Parse: Article, Proper Noun, masculine plural
Root: זִיפִי  
Sense: an inhabitant of Ziph.
שָׁא֔וּל  Saul 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: שָׁאוּל  
Sense: a Benjamite, son of Kish, and the st king of Israel.
הַגִּבְעָ֖תָה  at  Gibeah 
Parse: Article, Proper Noun, feminine singular, third person feminine singular
Root: גִּבְעָה  
Sense: a city in the mountain district of Judah.
לֵאמֹ֑ר  saying 
Parse: Preposition-l, Verb, Qal, Infinitive construct
Root: אָמַר 
Sense: to say, speak, utter.
הֲל֨וֹא  is  not 
Parse: Adverb, Negative particle
Root: הֲלֹא 
Sense: not, no.
דָוִ֤ד  David 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: דָּוִד  
Sense: youngest son of Jesse and second king of Israel.
מִסְתַּתֵּר֙  hiding 
Parse: Verb, Hitpael, Participle, masculine singular
Root: סָתַר  
Sense: to hide, conceal.
בְּגִבְעַ֣ת  in  the  hill 
Parse: Preposition-b, Noun, feminine singular construct
Root: גִּבְעָה  
Sense: hill.
הַחֲכִילָ֔ה  of  Hachilah 
Parse: Article, Proper Noun, feminine singular
Root: חֲכִילָה  
Sense: a hill is southern Judah, on the edge of the wilderness of Ziph.
עַ֖ל  upon 
Parse: Preposition
Root: עַל 
Sense: upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against.
פְּנֵ֥י  opposite 
Parse: Noun, common plural construct
Root: לִפְנֵי 
Sense: face.
؟ הַיְשִׁימֹֽן  Jeshimon 
Parse: Article, Noun, masculine singular
Root: יְשִׁימֹון  
Sense: waste, wilderness, desert, desolate place.

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