The Meaning of 1 Samuel 22:13 Explained

1 Samuel 22:13

KJV: And Saul said unto him, Why have ye conspired against me, thou and the son of Jesse, in that thou hast given him bread, and a sword, and hast inquired of God for him, that he should rise against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?

YLT: And Saul saith unto him, 'Why have ye conspired against me, thou and the son of Jesse, by thy giving to him bread and a sword, and to ask for him at God, to rise against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?'

Darby: And Saul said to him, Why have ye conspired against me, thou and the son of Jesse, in that thou hast given him bread, and a sword, and hast inquired of God for him, that he should rise against me as a lier-in-wait, as at this day?

ASV: And Saul said unto him, Why have ye conspired against me, thou and the son of Jesse, in that thou hast given him bread, and a sword, and hast inquired of God for him, that he should rise against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?

KJV Reverse Interlinear

And Saul  said  unto him, Why have ye conspired  against me, thou and the son  of Jesse,  in that thou hast given  him bread,  and a sword,  and hast enquired  of God  for him, that he should rise  against me, to lie in wait,  as at this day? 

What does 1 Samuel 22:13 Mean?

Context Summary

1 Samuel 22:11-23 - The Slaughter Of David's Friends
The Apostle James says that "the tongue is set on fire of hell." Surely this was the case when Saul, encamped on the height above Gibeah, scattered his biting words like firebrands. They met with a ready response in Doeg's evil heart, and the two perpetrated one of the most atrocious tragedies of history.
This black act-the blackest of Saul's life-was not to be extenuated, although it executed the malediction, uttered long before in the days of Eli, against the latter's evil house. That Saul's footmen refused to execute the king's sentence should have made Him hesitate. Doeg's tale was true in its statement, but false in its implications.
There is nothing to alleviate the lurid horror of this incident, except David's welcome to Abiathar. Are not such words addressed by our Lord to all who escape to Him? "Abide with me" may be understood in the light of John 15:1-27. With Christ there is safeguard. "Your life is hid with Christ in God." Fear not, trembling soul; Christ stands surety for thee! See Psalms 52:1-9, where David predicts Doeg's fate, and contrasts it with his own happy lot. [source]

Chapter Summary: 1 Samuel 22

1  Companies resort unto David at Adullam
3  At Mizpeh he commends his parents unto the king of Moab
5  Admonished by Gad, he comes to Hareth,
6  Saul going to pursue him, complains of his servants' unfaithfulness
9  Doeg accuses Ahimelech
11  Saul commands to kill the priests
17  The footmen refusing, Doeg executes it
20  Abiathar escaping, brings David the news

What do the individual words in 1 Samuel 22:13 mean?

And said - to him Saul why have you conspired against me you and the son of Jesse in that you have given him bread and a sword and have inquired for him of God that he should rise against me to lie in wait as it is day this -
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר [אלו] (אֵלָיו֙) שָׁא֔וּל לָ֚מָּה קְשַׁרְתֶּ֣ם עָלַ֔י אַתָּ֖ה וּבֶן־ יִשָׁ֑י בְּתִתְּךָ֨ ל֜וֹ לֶ֣חֶם וְחֶ֗רֶב וְשָׁא֥וֹל לוֹ֙ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים לָק֥וּם אֵלַ֛י לְאֹרֵ֖ב ؟ כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה ס

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר  And  said 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Consecutive imperfect, third person masculine singular
Root: אָמַר 
Sense: to say, speak, utter.
[אלו]  - 
Parse: Preposition, third person masculine singular
(אֵלָיו֙)  to  him 
Parse: Preposition, third person masculine singular
Root: אֶל  
Sense: to, toward, unto (of motion).
שָׁא֔וּל  Saul 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: שָׁאוּל  
Sense: a Benjamite, son of Kish, and the st king of Israel.
לָ֚מָּה  why 
Parse: Interrogative
Root: לָמָּה 
Sense: what, how, of what kind.
קְשַׁרְתֶּ֣ם  have  you  conspired 
Parse: Verb, Qal, Perfect, second person masculine plural
Root: קָשַׁר  
Sense: to bind, tie, bind together, league together, conspire.
עָלַ֔י  against  me 
Parse: Preposition, first person common singular
Root: עַל 
Sense: upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against.
וּבֶן־  and  the  son 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Noun, masculine singular construct
Root: בֵּן 
Sense: son, grandson, child, member of a group.
יִשָׁ֑י  of  Jesse 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: אִישַׁי 
Sense: son of Boaz and the father of king David.
בְּתִתְּךָ֨  in  that  you  have  given 
Parse: Preposition-b, Verb, Qal, Infinitive construct, second person masculine singular
Root: יָתַן 
Sense: to give, put, set.
לֶ֣חֶם  bread 
Parse: Noun, masculine singular
Root: לֶחֶם  
Sense: bread, food, grain.
וְחֶ֗רֶב  and  a  sword 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Noun, feminine singular
Root: חֶרֶב  
Sense: sword, knife.
וְשָׁא֥וֹל  and  have  inquired 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Infinitive absolute
Root: שָׁאַל 
Sense: to ask, enquire, borrow, beg.
לוֹ֙  for  him 
Parse: Preposition, third person masculine singular
בֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים  of  God 
Parse: Preposition-b, Noun, masculine plural
Root: אֱלֹהִים  
Sense: (plural).
לָק֥וּם  that  he  should  rise 
Parse: Preposition-l, Verb, Qal, Infinitive construct
Root: קוּם 
Sense: to rise, arise, stand, rise up, stand up.
אֵלַ֛י  against  me 
Parse: Preposition, first person common singular
Root: אֶל  
Sense: to, toward, unto (of motion).
לְאֹרֵ֖ב  to  lie  in  wait 
Parse: Preposition-l, Verb, Qal, Participle, masculine singular
Root: אָרַב  
Sense: to lie in wait, ambush, lurk.
؟ כַּיּ֥וֹם  as  it  is  day 
Parse: Preposition-k, Article, Noun, masculine singular
Root: יׄום 
Sense: day, time, year.
הַזֶּֽה  this 
Parse: Article, Pronoun, masculine singular
Root: זֶה  
Sense: this, this one, here, which, this … that, the one … the other, another, such.
ס  - 
Parse: Punctuation

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