The Meaning of 1 Samuel 16:23 Explained

1 Samuel 16:23

KJV: And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him.

YLT: And it hath come to pass, in the spirit of sadness from God being on Saul, that David hath taken the harp, and played with his hand, and Saul hath refreshment and gladness, and the spirit of sadness hath turned aside from off him.

Darby: And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took the harp, and played with his hand; and Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him.

ASV: And it came to pass, when the evil'spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took the harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him.

KJV Reverse Interlinear

And it came to pass, when the [evil] spirit  from God  was upon Saul,  that David  took  an harp,  and played  with his hand:  so Saul  was refreshed,  and was well,  and the evil  spirit  departed  from him. 

What does 1 Samuel 16:23 Mean?

Context Summary

1 Samuel 16:14-23 - The Young Harper Before The Dejected King
In one sentence we are told of the Spirit of the Lord coming upon David, 1 Samuel 16:13, and in the next of the departure of the Spirit from Saul. This does not necessarily imply that all religious sensibility had become extinct, but that the special enduement which had fitted him for his kingly office had been withdrawn. An evil spirit "from the Lord" troubled him; that is, God permitted this spirit to enter. The garrison of peace and love had, been willfully dismissed by Saul, and by the inevitable operation of the divine law, as He had banished the light, he was necessarily left in darkness. God gave him up to a reprobate mind, Romans 1:24; Romans 1:26; Romans 1:28.
The king's depression demanded an antidote, which was provided by music. Philip V of Spain was helped in the same fashion. The minstrel was none other than the young shepherd so recently anointed. A directing Providence superintends every incident in life. That a servant of Saul's had seen David in some country contest was only a link in the chain, 1 Samuel 16:18. God has a plan for each life. "All things work together for good to them that love God," Romans 8:28. [source]

Chapter Summary: 1 Samuel 16

1  Samuel sent by God, under pretense of a sacrifice, comes to Bethlehem
6  His human judgment is reproved
11  He anoints David
15  Saul sends for David to quiet his evil spirit

What do the individual words in 1 Samuel 16:23 mean?

And so it was whenever was the spirit from God upon Saul that would take David - a harp and play [it] with his hand and would become refreshed Saul and well to and would depart from him spirit the distressing -
וְהָיָ֗ה בִּֽהְי֤וֹת רֽוּחַ־ אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־ שָׁא֔וּל וְלָקַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־ הַכִּנּ֖וֹר וְנִגֵּ֣ן בְּיָד֑וֹ וְרָוַ֤ח לְשָׁאוּל֙ וְט֣וֹב ל֔וֹ וְסָ֥רָה מֵעָלָ֖יו ר֥וּחַ הָרָעָֽה פ

וְהָיָ֗ה  And  so  it  was 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Conjunctive perfect, third person masculine singular
Root: אֶהְיֶה 
Sense: to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out.
בִּֽהְי֤וֹת  whenever  was 
Parse: Preposition-b, Verb, Qal, Infinitive construct
Root: אֶהְיֶה 
Sense: to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out.
רֽוּחַ־  the  spirit  from 
Parse: Noun, common singular construct
Root: רוּחַ  
Sense: wind, breath, mind, spirit.
אֱלֹהִים֙  God 
Parse: Noun, masculine plural
Root: אֱלֹהִים  
Sense: (plural).
אֶל־  upon 
Parse: Preposition
Root: אֶל  
Sense: to, toward, unto (of motion).
שָׁא֔וּל  Saul 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: שָׁאוּל  
Sense: a Benjamite, son of Kish, and the st king of Israel.
וְלָקַ֥ח  that  would  take 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Conjunctive perfect, third person masculine singular
Root: יָקַח 
Sense: to take, get, fetch, lay hold of, seize, receive, acquire, buy, bring, marry, take a wife, snatch, take away.
דָּוִ֛ד  David 
Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: דָּוִד  
Sense: youngest son of Jesse and second king of Israel.
אֶת־  - 
Parse: Direct object marker
Root: אֹות 
Sense: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative.
הַכִּנּ֖וֹר  a  harp 
Parse: Article, Noun, masculine singular
Root: כִּנּׄור  
Sense: lyre, harp.
וְנִגֵּ֣ן  and  play  [it] 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Piel, Conjunctive perfect, third person masculine singular
Root: נָגַן  
Sense: to play or strike strings, play a stringed instrument.
בְּיָד֑וֹ  with  his  hand 
Parse: Preposition-b, Noun, feminine singular construct, third person masculine singular
Root: יָד  
Sense: hand.
וְרָוַ֤ח  and  would  become  refreshed 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Conjunctive perfect, third person masculine singular
Root: רָוַח  
Sense: to be wide, be spacious, breathe.
לְשָׁאוּל֙  Saul 
Parse: Preposition-l, Proper Noun, masculine singular
Root: שָׁאוּל  
Sense: a Benjamite, son of Kish, and the st king of Israel.
וְט֣וֹב  and  well 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Adjective, masculine singular
Root: יָטַב  
Sense: to be good, be pleasing, be joyful, be beneficial, be pleasant, be favourable, be happy, be right.
וְסָ֥רָה  and  would  depart 
Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Conjunctive perfect, third person feminine singular
Root: סוּר 
Sense: to turn aside, depart.
מֵעָלָ֖יו  from  him 
Parse: Preposition-m, third person masculine singular
Root: עַל 
Sense: upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against.
ר֥וּחַ  spirit 
Parse: Noun, common singular construct
Root: רוּחַ  
Sense: wind, breath, mind, spirit.
הָרָעָֽה  the  distressing 
Parse: Article, Adjective, feminine singular
Root: רַע 
Sense: bad, evil.
פ  - 
Parse: Punctuation

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