KJV: Whom having not seen, ye love; in whom, though now ye see him not, yet believing, ye rejoice with joy unspeakable and full of glory:
YLT: whom, not having seen, ye love, in whom, now not seeing and believing, ye are glad with joy unspeakable and glorified,
Darby: whom, having not seen, ye love; on whom though not now looking, but believing, ye exult with joy unspeakable and filled with the glory,
ASV: whom not having seen ye love; on whom, though now ye see him not, yet believing, ye rejoice greatly with joy unspeakable and full of glory:
ὃν | whom |
Parse: Personal / Relative Pronoun, Accusative Masculine Singular Root: ὅς Sense: who, which, what, that. |
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ἰδόντες | having seen |
Parse: Verb, Aorist Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: εἶδον Sense: to see with the eyes. |
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ἀγαπᾶτε | you love |
Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Active, 2nd Person Plural Root: ἀγαπάω Sense: of persons. |
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ἄρτι | now [though] |
Parse: Adverb Root: ἄρτι Sense: just now, this moment. |
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ὁρῶντες | seeing |
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: εἶδον Sense: to see with the eyes. |
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πιστεύοντες | believing |
Parse: Verb, Present Participle Active, Nominative Masculine Plural Root: πιστεύω Sense: to think to be true, to be persuaded of, to credit, place confidence in. |
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δὲ | now |
Parse: Conjunction Root: δέ Sense: but, moreover, and, etc. |
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ἀγαλλιᾶσθε | you exult |
Parse: Verb, Present Indicative Middle, 2nd Person Plural Root: ἀγαλλιάω Sense: to exult, rejoice exceedingly, be exceeding glad. |
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χαρᾷ | with joy |
Parse: Noun, Dative Feminine Singular Root: χαρά Sense: joy, gladness. |
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ἀνεκλαλήτῳ | inexpressible |
Parse: Adjective, Dative Feminine Singular Root: ἀνεκλάλητος Sense: unspeakable. |
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δεδοξασμένῃ | filled with glory |
Parse: Verb, Perfect Participle Middle or Passive, Dative Feminine Singular Root: δοξάζω Sense: to think, suppose, be of opinion. |
Greek Commentary for 1 Peter 1:8
Relative referring to Christ just before and accusative case, object of both ιδοντες idontes and αγαπατε agapate (ye love). [source]
Second aorist active participle of οραω horaō to see, with ουκ ouk rather than μη mē because it negatives an actual experience in contrast with μη ορωντες mē horōntes (though not seeing, hypothetical case). On whom It is possible that Peter here has in mind the words of Jesus to Thomas as recorded in John 20:29 (“Happy are those not seeing and yet believing”). Peter was present and heard the words of Jesus to Thomas, and so he could use them before John wrote his Gospel.Ye rejoice greatly (αγαλλιατε agalliāte). Same form as in 1 Peter 1:6, only active here instead of middle.With joy Instrumental case (manner).Unspeakable (ανεκλαλητωι aneklalētōi). Late and rare double compound verbal (alpha privative and εκλαλεω eklaleō), here only in N.T., in Dioscorides and Heliodorus, “unutterable,” like Paul‘s “indescribable” (ανεκδιηγητος anekdiēgētos) gift (2 Corinthians 9:15, here alone in N.T.).Full of glory Perfect passive participle of δοχαζω doxazō to glorify, “glorified joy,” like the glorified face of Moses (Exodus 34:29.; 2 Corinthians 3:10. [source]
Same form as in 1 Peter 1:6, only active here instead of middle. [source]
Instrumental case (manner).Unspeakable (ανεκλαλητωι aneklalētōi). Late and rare double compound verbal (alpha privative and εκλαλεω eklaleō), here only in N.T., in Dioscorides and Heliodorus, “unutterable,” like Paul‘s “indescribable” (ανεκδιηγητος anekdiēgētos) gift (2 Corinthians 9:15, here alone in N.T.).Full of glory Perfect passive participle of δοχαζω doxazō to glorify, “glorified joy,” like the glorified face of Moses (Exodus 34:29.; 2 Corinthians 3:10. [source]
Late and rare double compound verbal (alpha privative and εκλαλεω eklaleō), here only in N.T., in Dioscorides and Heliodorus, “unutterable,” like Paul‘s “indescribable” (ανεκδιηγητος anekdiēgētos) gift (2 Corinthians 9:15, here alone in N.T.). [source]
Perfect passive participle of δοχαζω doxazō to glorify, “glorified joy,” like the glorified face of Moses (Exodus 34:29.; 2 Corinthians 3:10. [source]
Lit., glorified, as Rev., in margin. [source]
Reverse Greek Commentary Search for 1 Peter 1:8
Old word from μιστοω misthoō to hire (Matthew 20:1) from μιστος misthos (hire, wages, Luke 10:7), in N.T. only in this passage. Literally, “the hireling and not being a shepherd” Note ουκ ouk with the participle ων ōn to emphasize the certainty that he is not a shepherd in contrast with μη εισερχομενος mē eiserchomenos in John 10:1 (conceived case). See same contrast in 1 Peter 1:8 between ουκ ιδοντες ouk idontes and μη ορωντες mē horōntes The hireling here is not necessarily the thief and robber of John 10:1, John 10:8. He may conceivably be a nominal shepherd (pastor) of the flock who serves only for the money, a sin against which Peter warned the shepherds of the flock “not for shameful gain” (1 Peter 5:2). Whose own Every true shepherd considers the sheep in his care “his own” Vivid dramatic present, active indicative of τεωρεω theōreō a graphic picture. The wolf coming Present middle predicate participle of ερχομαι erchomai Leaveth the sheep, and fleeth Graphic present actives again of απιημι aphiēmi and πευγω pheugō The cowardly hireling cares naught for the sheep, but only for his own skin. The wolf was the chief peril to sheep in Palestine. See Matthew 10:6 where Jesus says: “Behold I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves.” And the wolf snatcheth them and scattereth them Vivid parenthesis in the midst of the picture of the conduct of the hireling. Bold verbs these. For the old verb αρπαζω harpazō see John 6:15; Matthew 11:12, and for σκορπιζω skorpizō late word (Plutarch) for the Attic σκεδαννυμι skedannumi see Matthew 12:30. It occurs in the vision of Ezekiel (Ezekiel 34:5) where because of the careless shepherds “the sheep became meat to all the beasts of the field, and were scattered.” Jesus uses αρπαζω harpazō in John 10:29 where no one is able “to snatch” one out of the Father‘s hand. [source]
Perfect active indicative. Probably interrogative, but “it was sight, not touch that convinced Thomas” (Bernard). And yet Clear use of και kai in the adversative sense. Thomas made a noble confession, but he missed the highest form of faith without the evidence of the senses. Peter (1 Peter 1:8) uses language that seems like a reminiscence of the words of Jesus to Thomas which Peter heard. [source]
See on 1 Peter 1:8. Compare Ephesians 6:8; Colossians 3:25. [source]
Comp. joy of the Holy Ghost, 1 Thessalonians 1:6, and see Romans 5:2; Romans 14:17; Romans 15:13; 2 Corinthians 6:10; Philemon 1:25; Philemon 4:4; 1 Peter 1:8; 1 John 1:4. [source]
See on 1 Peter 1:8; compare Colossians 3:25. [source]
See on 1 Peter 1:8. Compare Ephesians 6:8. [source]
Comp. Hebrews 11:13, Hebrews 11:39, and see on 1 Peter 1:8. The verb implies, not mere obtaining, but receiving and carrying away for use and enjoyment. [source]
Accusative case in apposition with υμας humās (you), “the through him (that is Christ as in 1 Peter 1:8; Acts 3:16) believers (πιστους pistous correct text of A B) in God.” [source]
Present active indicative of κοινωνεω koinōneō old verb (from κοινωνος koinōnos partner), to share in either with genitive (Hebrews 2:14) or dative as here Purpose clause with ινα hina and second aorist passive subjunctive of χαιρω chairō with the present middle participle of αγαλλιαω agalliaō to exult (1 Peter 1:8), “that ye may rejoice exulting.” See 1 Peter 1:6-8 for this same idea associated with the second coming of Christ as here. [source]
Purpose clause with ινα hina and second aorist passive subjunctive of χαιρω chairō with the present middle participle of αγαλλιαω agalliaō to exult (1 Peter 1:8), “that ye may rejoice exulting.” See 1 Peter 1:6-8 for this same idea associated with the second coming of Christ as here. [source]
“In the matter of the name of Christ.” For the idea see Matthew 5:11.; Matthew 19:29; Acts 5:41; Acts 9:16; Acts 21:13. This is the only N.T. example of just ονομα Χριστου onoma Christou here used because of the use of Χριστιανος Christianos in 1 Peter 4:16. For the beatitude μακαριοι makarioi see Matthew 5:11.The Spirit of glory and the Spirit of God (το της δοχης και το του τεου πνευμα to tēs doxēs kai to tou theou pneuma). Note repetition of the article (το to) though πνευμα pneuma only once. The reference is to the Holy Spirit, who is the Spirit of Glory and of God.Resteth upon you Quotation from Isaiah 11:2. Present middle indicative of αναπαυω anapauō to give rest, refresh (Matthew 11:28). “He rests upon the Christian as the Shechinah rested upon the tabernacle” (Bigg). Cf. 1 Peter 1:8; Matthew 3:16. [source]
Quotation from Isaiah 11:2. Present middle indicative of αναπαυω anapauō to give rest, refresh (Matthew 11:28). “He rests upon the Christian as the Shechinah rested upon the tabernacle” (Bigg). Cf. 1 Peter 1:8; Matthew 3:16. [source]
By deliberate choice (Matthew 5:44). Love for Christ as the crown of all (1 Peter 1:8) and so for all men. Love is the climax as Paul has it (1 Corinthians 13:13). [source]
Present active subjunctive (volitive) of χαιρω chairō and αγαλλιαω agalliaō (elsewhere in N.T. in the middle except Luke 1:47; 1 Peter 1:8). For both verbs together see Matthew 5:12. [source]