KJV: Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim.
YLT: And three of the thirty heads go down on the rock unto David, unto the cave of Adullam, and the host of the Philistines is encamping in the valley of Rephaim,
Darby: And three of the thirty chiefs went down to the rock to David, to the cave of Adullam, when the army of the Philistines was encamped in the valley of Rephaim.
ASV: And three of the thirty chief men went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim.
| וַיֵּרְד֡וּ | And went down |
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Parse: Conjunctive waw, Verb, Qal, Consecutive imperfect, third person masculine plural Root: יָרַד Sense: to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down. |
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| שְֽׁלוֹשָׁה֩ | three |
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Parse: Number, masculine singular Root: מִשְׁלֹשׁ Sense: three, triad. |
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| הַשְּׁלוֹשִׁ֨ים | the thirty |
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Parse: Article, Number, common plural Root: שְׁלֹשִׁים Sense: thirty, thirtieth. |
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| רֹ֤אשׁ | chief men |
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Parse: Noun, masculine singular Root: רֹאשׁ Sense: head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning. |
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| הַצֻּר֙ | the rock |
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Parse: Article, Noun, masculine singular Root: צוּר Sense: rock, cliff. |
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| דָּוִ֔יד | David |
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Parse: Proper Noun, masculine singular Root: דָּוִד Sense: youngest son of Jesse and second king of Israel. |
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| אֶל־ | into |
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Parse: Preposition Root: אֶל Sense: to, toward, unto (of motion). |
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| מְעָרַ֖ת | the cave |
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Parse: Noun, feminine singular construct Root: מְעָרָה Sense: cave, den, hole. |
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| עֲדֻלָּ֑ם | of Adullam |
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Parse: Proper Noun, feminine singular Root: עֲדֻלָּם Sense: a town of the Canaanites allotted to Judah and lying in the lowlands; site of the cave where David hid. |
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| וּמַחֲנֵ֣ה | and the army |
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Parse: Conjunctive waw, Noun, common singular construct Root: מַחֲנֶה Sense: encampment, camp. |
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| פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים | of the Philistines |
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Parse: Proper Noun, masculine plural Root: פְּלִשְׁתִּי Sense: an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan. |
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| חֹנָ֖ה | encamped |
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Parse: Verb, Qal, Participle, feminine singular Root: חָנָה Sense: to decline, incline, encamp, bend down, lay siege against. |
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| בְּעֵ֥מֶק | in the Valley |
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Parse: Preposition-b, Noun, masculine singular construct Root: עֵמֶק Sense: valley, vale, lowland, open country. |
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| רְפָאִֽים | of the Rephaites |
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Parse: Proper Noun, masculine plural Root: רְפָאִים Sense: giants, Rephaim. |
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